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Blood Components: D.) Washed Rbcs and Frozen/Deglycerolized Rbcs

Blood and blood components are considered drugs because they are used to treat diseases through transplantation of cells after transfusion. Transfusion therapy is primarily used to treat anemia or blood loss by increasing oxygen-carrying capacity, and to treat insufficient platelets or coagulation proteins to provide hemostasis. The document outlines the different blood components including whole blood, red blood cells, leukocyte-reduced red blood cells, platelets, granulocytes, fresh frozen plasma, thawed plasma, and cryoprecipitate; and describes their intended uses, typical effects on hemoglobin or platelet count, and other relevant details.

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Gerarld Immanuel Kairupan
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117 views3 pages

Blood Components: D.) Washed Rbcs and Frozen/Deglycerolized Rbcs

Blood and blood components are considered drugs because they are used to treat diseases through transplantation of cells after transfusion. Transfusion therapy is primarily used to treat anemia or blood loss by increasing oxygen-carrying capacity, and to treat insufficient platelets or coagulation proteins to provide hemostasis. The document outlines the different blood components including whole blood, red blood cells, leukocyte-reduced red blood cells, platelets, granulocytes, fresh frozen plasma, thawed plasma, and cryoprecipitate; and describes their intended uses, typical effects on hemoglobin or platelet count, and other relevant details.

Uploaded by

Gerarld Immanuel Kairupan
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Blood Components

Blood and blood components are considered drugs because of their use in treating diseases. The transfusion of blood cells is also transplantation, in that the cells must survive and function after transfusion to have a therapeutic effect

the leukocyte content must be reduced to less than 5 x 106 Standard leukocyte content is less than 5 x 106

D.) Washed RBCs Frozen/Deglycerolized RBCs

and

The washing process removes plasma proteins, the cause of most allergic reactions. Washed RBCs are used for the rare patient who has anti-IgA antibodies because of IgA deficiency. The expected hematocrit increase for washed or deglycerolized RBCs is the same as that for regular RBC units.

Transfusion therapy is used primarily to treat two conditions: 1.) inadequate oxygen-carrying capacity because of anemia or blood loss 2.) insufficient coagulation proteins or platelets to provide adequate hemostasis.

A.) Whole Blood The product whole blood is diluted in the proportion of eight parts circulating blood to one part anticoagulant. The citrate in the anticoagulant chelates ionized calcium, preventing activation of the coagulation system. Whole blood should be used to replace the loss of both RBC mass and plasma volume. A definite contraindication to the use of whole blood is severe chronic anemia. Each unit of whole blood should increase the hematocrit level 3 to 5 percent or hemoglobin 1 to 1.5 g/dL.( may not be apparent until 48 to 72 hours when the patients blood volume adjusts to normal) B.) RBCs RBCs are indicated for increasing the RBC mass in patients who require increased oxygen-carrying capacity. There are no set hemoglobin levels that indicate a need for transfusion. Although the level of 7 g/dL has been used for many years for surgical and leukemic patients, the critical level is 6.0 g/dL or less. Consensus committees suggest trigger values of hemoglobin of less than 6.0 g/dL in the absence of disease and between 7 and 8 g/dL with disease3 for patients with heart, lung, or cerebral vascular disease. Most renal dialysis patients can tolerate 6 g/dL. In fact, healthy individuals could tolerate hemoglobin levels as low as 5.0 g/dL with minimal effects,5 especially if they are placed at bed rest or at decreased levels of activity and given supplemental oxygen. Each unit of transfused RBCs is expected to increase the hemoglobin level 1 to 1.5 g/dL and the hematocrit level 3 to 5 percent in the typical 70-kg (154-lb) human, the same as whole blood. C.) Leukocyte-Reduced RBCs The average unit of RBCs contains approximately 2 x 109 leukocytes. To reduce transmission, HLA alloimmunization and CMV

E.) Platelets and Plateletpheresis Platelets are essential for the formation of the primary hemostatic plug and maintenance of normal hemostasis. Each unit of platelets (concentrate) must contain at least 5.5 x 1010 platelets11 and should increase the platelet count 5000 to 10,000/_L in the typical 70-kg human.

F.) Granulocytes Pheresis Patients who have received intensive chemotherapy for leukemia or bone marrow transplant, or both, may develop severe neutropenia and serious bacterial or fungal infection Without neutrophils (granulocytes), the patient may have difficulty controlling an infection, even with appropriate antibiotic treatment. Who are most likely to benefit from granulocyte transfusions: those with fever, neutrophil counts less than

500/_L, septicemia or bacterial infection unresponsive to antibiotics, reversible bone marrow hypoplasia, and a reasonable chance for survival G.) Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP) Fresh frozen plasma (FFP) contains all coagulation factors FFP can be used to treat multiple coagulation deficiencies occurring in patients with liver failure, DIC, vitamin K deficiency, warfarin overdose, or massive transfusion. Sometimes, FFP is used to treat patients with single factor deficiencies, such as factor XI deficiency. FFP is given if the patient is actively bleeding or if time is not available for warfarin reversal before surgery. FFP is the product of choice for patients with multiple-factor deficiencies and hemorrhage or impending surgery. Usually 4 to 6 units of FFP effectively control hemostasis. FFP should not be used for blood volume expansion or protein replacement because safer products are available for these purposesserum albumin, synthetic colloids, and balanced salt solutionsnone of which transmit disease or cause severe allergic reactions or transfusion-associated acute lung injury. FFP should be ABO-compatible with the recipients RBCs,but the Rh type can be disregarded. H.) Thawed Plasma or Liquid Plasma Thawed plasma is FFP that is stored 24 hours to 5 days after Thawing Thawed plasma contains decreased amounts of the labile coagulation factors V and VIII and thus is not recommended for treatment of patients who have a clinically significant deficiency of either or both of these clotting factors Used for treatment of stable coagulation deficiency, especially for warfarin overdose or reversal. The rare factor XI deficiency can also be treated with thawed plasma. Also for TTP, HUS and HELLP I.)

VIII deficiency or von Willebrands disorder.

Leif Richmond P. Gambalan Block IX Alterations in Immunologic Fucntions Module #3/4 Difficulty of Breathing during Blood Transfusion Tutor: Dr. G. Tagorda Reference: Modern Blood Banking and Transfusion Practices by Denise M. Harmening 5th Ed.

Cryoprecipitate

Cryoprecipitate is used primarily for fibrinogen replacement. A fibrinogen plasma level of about 80 mg/dL is recommended for adequate hemostasis with surgery or trauma. Cryoprecipitate was originally prepared as a source of factor VIII Cryoprecipitate has been used to treat patients with vonWillebrands disorder, a deficiency of vWF Cryoprecipitate is no longer considered the product of choice for factor

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