Importance of fish culture:

The production of fishes is not in harmony with the population growth. So fish culture is very important in Bangladesh-

a. Meet the demand of protein: At present only 4 gram of protein is available per head, but each person should consume at least 12 grams of protein. To meet this demand, it is necessary to produce annually 26 lac tons of fishes in our country.

b. Large amount of foreing currency is earned by exporting fishes and fish products.

c. We can earn livelihood by catching fish, selling nets and instruments to catch fishes and by working in the fish farms.

d. A large amount of money can be earned by engaging oneself with fish processing industries.

e. We can compensate the deficit of protein through the increased production of fish.

f. By cultivating fish we can develop our national economy. posted by teaching biology at 1

Importance of Aquaculture
As the human population continues to grow, finding means to feed those people is one of the most important challenges faced around the globe. Even in troubled economic times, men, women and children need to eat. And a healthy diet, high in protein is necessary to ensure that growing population does not succumb to sickness and disease. Fish and other aquatic organisms fit the model for healthy sources of protein. Harvests of wild sources of fish, crustaceans and other aquatic species cannot keep up with the demand presented by the growing human population. Trying to match demand throughcommercial fishinginterests would eventually result in overfishing and the loss of those species entirely. Therefore, while aquaculture is required to meet the human demand, it also relieves the strain on wild species to allow them to continue to be a significant source. The role of aquaculture in ensuring a consistent supply of aquatic species for human consumption cannot be overstated. Medical research into the health benefits of frequently eating fish is plentiful. One popular buzz word within the healthy eating movement isOmega-3 fatty acids, which are typically found in most fish. Multiple research studies indicate these fatty acids help reduce many forms of cancer and promote healthy brain tissue. Eating fish regularly has also been shown to reduce the risk of heart disease through reducing the probability of clot formation, lowering blood pressure and increasing the good cholesterol levels in the blood stream. Some studies also suggest inclusion of fish into a healthy diet can have a positive impact on the development of Alzheimer's disease in elderly persons or blood sugar levels in diabetics. Fish and aquatic species in general are a much healthier source of protein compared to livestock commonly consumed. Beef, pork and chicken all have their positive attributes, but none stand up to the positive attributes of fish.

Professionals in all aspects of agriculture struggle with improving their efficiencies and outputs to meet the food demands of the constantly increasing human population. Aquaculture is no different, and in fact, plays a critical role in this arena. Fish farming is typically much more efficient than cattle or pork production and other forms of agriculture. Land dedicated to fish ponds will produce ten times or more consumable product than the same land used to raise cattle or pork, while requiring significantly less input. But aquaculture does not exist without drawbacks. Depending on their location, whether it is a landlocked fish pond, or a floating cage in a saltwater estuary, high concentrations of aquatic species can alter or destroy existing wild habitat, increase local pollution levels or negatively impact local species genetic makeup.

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Wild salmon are amazing creatures. Born in the gravel of freshwater streams and rivers, they gradually make their way to saltwater oceans, undergoing along the way certain physical changes that help them adapt; then, at the end of their lives, they return to their birthplace to spawn. And the cycle continues. Unfortunately, pollution, dams and overfishing have severely threatened this cycle of life. The Atlantic salmon, which once migrated up such mighty rivers as the Hudson, Thames, Seine and Rhine, are now severely depleted. In 2004, the discovery of a salmon swimming in the Seine made big news; it had been a century since the last salmon sighting. If you live near the Atlantic Ocean and its tributaries, you are most likely eating farmed salmon.

Importance of Fish
Ancient Hawaiians drew their sustenance - physical and spiritual - from the land and sea around them. Guided by a philosophy that paired a cycle of cultivating and harvesting plants and animals with conservation of those resources, they lived in balance with their environment. Within this context, fishing held a central role. Seafood provided the primary protein in the Hawaiian diet, complementing vegetable staples such as taro, sweet potato and breadfruit. Ocean resources were so important that the ahupua`a system of land division ensured each district had access to the sea along a swath of shoreline and beyond to fisheries. Within each pie-shaped division, fishing communities exchanged with upland farmers, supplying fish, shellfish, seaweed, and salt to the entire district. Fishermen maintained personal and spiritual relationships with the sea, acquiring extensive knowledge of shore and reef areas, honing their diving skills to locate fish, spear fish, free nets, and set traps. The many proverbs, prayers, and tales attest to the importance of fishing in Hawaiian culture. A successful fisherman was a highly valued asset for his entire community. The historian Kamakau wrote that the fortunate fisherman "was like a lucky woman who attracts men by the fragrance of her skin."

Fish Culture and Rearing Methods FISH CULTURE AND REARING TYPES
Fish culture is of different types viz., 1. Composite fish culture 2. Cage culture 3. Integrated fish culture 4. Lacustrine fisheries 5. Sewage fisheries

1. Composite Fish Culture

Maximum exploitation of the aquatic resources through the introduction of selected varieties of compatible fish to achieve high productivity is calledcomposite fish culture or polyculture. Composite fish culture has been in practice in our country since ancient times. The combined efforts of Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute (CIFRI) and Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) propose the following ratios of different fishes for high yielding in polyculture. i. Grass carp, silver carp, scale carp and mirror carp in the ratio of 5: 3 : 8 : 2. ii. Grass carp, silver carp, rohu, scare carp and mirror carp in the ratio of 5 : 3 6 8 : 2.

iii. Grass carp, silver carp, catia, rohu, scale fish and mirror carp in the ratio of 5: 3 3 : 6 8 : 2.

2. Cage culture
In cage culture the fishes are reared in a cage made of Nylon and wooden frame and some times in a cage made up of bamboo mesh. These cages are kept in flowing waste water canals. By this method the fishes can be protected from predators and number of fishes can be culture. Fishes

feed upon the food available in waste waters. The waste waters can be re utilised for irrigation. The complications in management and investment are very little in this type of culture.

3. Integrated fish culture

Culturing of fish in association with agriculture or ducks or chicks or pigs or prawns is called Integrated fish culture. Fish wastes fertilize the crop fields while wastes from crops and poultry

chicks are used as feed by fish. individually these farming methods may yield low income. But integrated farming technique yields multiple products of nutritional value and economic importance. Various types of integrated fish culture methods are in practice today. They are i. Fish-Prawn culture: Prawn are cultured in ponds which are meant for carp culture in this method. The excreta of carp fishes constitute food for prawns. ii. Fish-Poultry culture: In this type poultry farm is constructed over a platform built of bamboo sticks above the water level of the pond. This facilitates direct fertilization of the pond by droppings of chick

which are rich in nitrogen and

phosphorus. iii. Rice - Fish culture: Fish are cultured in rice fields in this method. Fishes which can live in a depth of 15cm are selected for this culture. The rice variety selected for this purpose should also develop strong root system. iv. Fish culture in pokkali fields: This practice is followed in kerala. Prawn, fish and rice are cultured on rotational basis in the pokkali rice fields which are influenced by tides of vembanad backwaters. Rice cultivation is. taken up from June to September. Fish and prawn are cultured upto May. v. Coconut or Banana - Fish Cuture: In banana or coconut fields, the ditches or canals in between the rows of plants can be utilised for fish culture in this method. These canals are always filled with water and rich In insect population.

4. Lacustrine fisheries
The culture of fish in takes constitute lacustrine fisheries. Natural lakes of

0.72 million hectares and manmade lakes of 65 million hectares are available for fish culture in India.

5. Sewage fisheries
In many countries fishes are introduced and cultured on commercial basis in sewage canals and ponds. The sewage is used as fertilizer in culture ponds and as feed for fish.

previous topic-Fresh water Fish Breeds in Aquaculture

Why Growing Fish is Important There are some very good reasons why a farmer or small land owner might

be interested in fish farming:

Fish are an important food source.

Fish farming can help a farmer make the best use of his land.

Fish farming can provide extra income.

There may be additional reasons; you and the pond owners can determine

these from the local situation. The three points listed above are very

broad, however, and apply, at least inpart, to most situations.

Therefore, each point isdiscussed more fully below.

FISH AS FOOD Farmers know that all living things need food, and that

without food, living things die. However, they are not as likely to know

the characteristics of food which make itvaluable (or not) to the body.

Food is important because itprovides proteins, vitamins, minerals, fats,

and carbohydrates. These things are called nutrients: they are materials

that the body must have to live and grow. Every kind of food has different amounts of each of these nutrients. For example, some foods

contain more protein; others have more fat than protein. 4 Because foods contain different amounts

of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates,

for example, itisnecessary to eat a

number of different kinds of food to

get the right amounts of each nutrient.

All the foods together then give the

body what Itneeds to grow.

The food that people eat iscalled

their diet. Eating the right kinds of

food -- foods that give the body the

right amounts of proteins, fats, etc.

--iscalled eating a balanced diet.

People who eat a balanced aiet usually

are not healthy eat the and strong; people who do right kinds of food are

more likely to be weak and get sick.

Proteins are the most important part of food. Protein ismade of carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen. These are called elements. The combinations of elements inprotein make itthe most useful nutrient. Foods that contain

a lot of protein are especially good for people to eat. And fish contains

a lot of protein.

The table on the opposite page shows a list of foods that humans eat. The first number beside the food shows the number of grams of protein in the food when it isfresh. The second number tells how many grams of protein there are infood which has been dried. The table shows that fish -- whether fresh or dried -- isa very good source of protein. (100gm of dried fish contains more protein than 100gm of fresh fish only becaise dried foods have water taken out. Therefore, 100gm of fresh fish weighs less when itisdried.)

Ifthe farmers inyour area already eat a

lot of fish, or like fish, fish farming for food may not be hard to introduce and have accepted. Ifthey do not eat fish often, you will have to keep this inmind when you talk about fish as a healthy food. Food just may not be the most important reason, from their point of view, for wanting to grow fish.