FORGE 2011 Recrystallisation simulation

FORGE 2011 : 2D&3D forging simulation software page A TRANSVALOR S.A.

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FORGE 2011 Recrystallisation simulation
FORGE 2011 : 2D&3D forging simulation software page B TRANSVALOR S.A.
Table of contents
INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ 1
RECRYSTALLISATION MODELS ............................................................................. 2
Different models have been introduced as user routines in the forge software. In these
models, different phenomena could be taken into account as: 2
Dynamic recrystallisation 2
Static recrystallisation 3
Grain growth 3
HOW TO USE ............................................................................................................ 4
General presentation 4
Description of the material files 4
Initialisation of the grain size in the billet 8
Different models for the recrystallisation during hot forming 9
FORGE 2011 Recrystallisation simulation
FORGE 2009 : 2D&3D forging simulation software page 1 TRANSVALOR S.A.
INTRODUCTION

The prediction of the recrystallisation and the grain size evolution may be important to predict
final usage properties or to have a better understanding of heat treatment following forging
operation.

In order to represent the recrystallisation we use here models considering:
- Dynamic Recrystallisation
- Static Recrystallisation or Meta-dynamic Recrystallisation
- Growth

The models are able to predict both:
o The recrystallized fraction
o The grain size of the recrystallised grain
FORGE 2011 Recrystallisation simulation
FORGE 2009 : 2D&3D forging simulation software page 2 TRANSVALOR S.A.
RECRYSTALLISATION MODELS
Different models have been introduced as user routines in the forge software. In these models,
different phenomena could be taken into account as:
- Dynamic Recrystallisation
- Meta-dynamic Recrystallisation
- Static Recrystallisation
- Grain Growth

As an example, we will present in this paragraph the model used to describe the
recrystallisation of a 316L austenitic steel.

Dynamic recrystallisation
Dynamic recrystallisation may occur during a deformation step. Before the recrystallisation,
the germination is characterized by a threshold deformation value c
s
(The recrystallisation
is possible only if the deformation is accumulated deformation is upper than c
s
).
) 5 (
T
exp d A D
) 4 ( X D d
) 3 (
T
exp d A
) 2 (
T
exp d A
) 1 ( si 2 ln exp 1 X
3
m
0 3 d
a
drx d drx
2
m
0 2 5 . 0
1
m
0 1 s
s
n
s 5 . 0
s
drx
3 3
drx
2
2
1 1
drx
|
.
|

\
|
|
c =
=
|
.
|

\
|
|
c = c
|
.
|

\
|
|
c = c
c > c
(
(

|
|
.
|

\
|
c c
c c
=
o
o
o

With:
drx
X dynamic recristalized fraction
drx
d size of the recristalized grain
5 . 0
c deformation for 50% recrystalisation
s
c threshold germination value
d
D recrystallised diameter for a full dynamic recrystallisation
c

strain rate c accumulated strain

D
0
Initial grain size before recrystallisation
FORGE 2011 Recrystallisation simulation
FORGE 2009 : 2D&3D forging simulation software page 3 TRANSVALOR S.A.


Static recrystallisation
Static (or meta-dynamic) recrystallisation may occur only after a deformation step. The
conditions of a previous deformation step influence the static recrystallisation during a
static step of the process.

) 9 (
T
exp d A D
) 8 ( X D d
) 7 (
T
exp d A t
) 6 (
t
t
2 ln exp 1 X
5
m
f
n
0 5 s
a
srx s srx
4
m
f
n
0 4 5 . 0
n
5 . 0
srx
5 5 5
srx
4
4
4
srx
|
.
|

\
|
|
c c =
=
|
.
|

\
|
|
c c =
(
(

|
|
.
|

\
|
=
o
o

=

With:
srx
X static recrystallised fraction
srx
d size of the recrystallised grain
5 . 0
t time for 50% recrystallisation
s
D recrystallised diameter for a full dynamic recrystallisation
f
c

is the average stain rate during the deformation phase

c accumulated strain during the deformation phase
D
0
Initial grain size before recrystallisation

Grain growth
When the material is recristalized, a grain growth may occurs.
) 10 ( t
T
exp A d d
6
6 0 cr
6 6

|
.
|

\
|
|
=
o o

With:
t : time since the beginning of growth
cr
d size of the grain after growth
0
d size of the grain before growth




FORGE 2011 Recrystallisation simulation
FORGE 2009 : 2D&3D forging simulation software page 4 TRANSVALOR S.A.
HOW TO USE
General presentation
In the Forge2009 version, the parameters of the recrystallisation laws are directly introduced
in the material file.
Description of the material files
The material files (.tmf3 for 3D computation .tmf2 for 2D computation) describes all
characteristic of the material
- Rheological data - Thermal data
- Parameters of the recrystallisation model
o Static recrystallisation, Dynamic recrystallisation, Grain Growth
Remark: the initial grain size diameter can be defined as a characteristic of the material and
introduced in micron or ASTM.

3D material file: 316L-recryst.tmf3
{ Software= GLPre_V2.3 }

{ Comments=
Materiau: 316L
Type_Calcul: hot forming
Type_Mat: Steels
}

{ Rheological_Units= mm-MPa }

{ Rheological_Data_as_Text=
NORTON-H

Thermoecroui: Hansel Spittel Nb1,
! Material name: X2CrNiMoN17-12 / 1.4909
! Material subtype: N-alloyed austenitic Cr-Ni-Mo Steels
! Units: MPa,degC
! Validity domain:
! Temperature: 750 - 1250
! Strain: 0.04 - 1.4
! Strain rate: 0.01 - 500
A1=8905.34,
m1=-0.00383,
m2=0.01246,
m3=0.09912,
m4=-0.02413,
m5=0,
m6=0,
m7=0,
m8=0,
eps_ss = 0.
}

{ Thermal_Units= SI }

{ Thermal_Data_as_Text=
!Thermal coefficients
! Material name: X2CrNiMoN17-12 / 1.4909
! Material type: Steels
! Material subtype: N-alloyed austenitic Cr-Ni-Mo Steels
! Properties type: thermal
! Units: kg,mm,sec

LOIV EVOL
PointParPoint
Par FpdDp_5 = 5 ! Temperature dependency
Par FpdNb_5 = 14
Par FpdX_5 (14) = 0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000, 1100, 1200, 1300
Par FpdY_5 (14) = 375.453, 499.355, 551.154, 566.455, 580.863, 629.983, 749.421, 974.78, 793.133, 783.605, 744.124, 696.644, 663.12, 668.8
Var SpecificHeat = Exist
FIN LOI
LOIV EVOL
PointParPoint
Par FpdDp_6 = 5 ! Temperature dependency
Par FpdNb_6 = 14
Par FpdX_6 (14) = 0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000, 1100, 1200, 1300
Par FpdY_6 (14) = 7799.18, 7775.88, 7747.07, 7713.41, 7675.58, 7634.24, 7590.06, 7543.71, 7495.87, 7486.3, 7397.37, 7326.02, 7287.52,
7297.11
Var Density = Exist
FIN LOI
LOIV EVOL
PointParPoint
Par FpdDp_7 = 5 ! Temperature dependency
Par FpdNb_7 = 14
Par FpdX_7 (14) = 0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000, 1100, 1200, 1300
Par FpdY_7 (14) = 34.8805, 37.7373, 38.9327, 38.7016, 37.2786, 34.8987, 31.7966, 28.2071, 24.365, 23.129, 24.707, 25.4612, 25.0551, 23.152
Var Conductivity = Exist
FIN LOI
LOIV EVOL
PointParPoint
Par FpdDp_8 = 5 ! Temperature dependency
Par FpdNb_8 = 14
Par FpdX_8 (14) = 0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000, 1100, 1200, 1300
Par FpdY_8 (14) = 9.9707e-006, 1.1172e-005, 1.34433e-005, 1.54517e-005, 1.71962e-005, 1.86741e-005, 1.98812e-005, 2.08125e-005, 1.27322e-
005, 2.20456e-005, 3.60703e-005, 2.49358e-005, 1.75661e-005, 0
Var L_Expansion = Exist
FIN LOI
Epsilon = 0.88 ! Emissivity

! *** User Variable Law: Eb_Recryst
FORGE 2011 Recrystallisation simulation
FORGE 2009 : 2D&3D forging simulation software page 5 TRANSVALOR S.A.
LOIV INTG
Eb_Recryst
Par STRAIN_RATE = EXIST
Eta EQ_STR_RX = EXIST
FIN LOI
! *** User Variable Law: EbpMoy
LOIV INTG
EbpMoy
Par STRAIN_RATE = EXIST
Par EQ_STR_RX = EXIST
Eta STR_RATE_MOY= EXIST
FIN LOI

! *** User Variable Law: Initial_Diameter
LOIV INTG
Initial_Grain
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Par Typ_Size = 1 ! 0: Micron, 1: ASTM !
Par Initial_Value= 4 ! ASTM Diameter !
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Eta DIAM_INITIAL = EXIST
FIN LOI

! *** User Variable Law: Dynamic_Recryst
LOIV INTG
Dynamic_Recryst
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Par NDRX = 1.47 ! !
Par A_1 = 3.13E-4 ! !
Par M_1 = -0.058 ! !
Par ALP1 = 0.576 ! !
Par BET1 = 6055 ! !
Par A_2 = 2.78E-03 ! !
Par M_2 = -0.067 ! !
Par ALP2 = 0.245 ! !
Par BET2 = 6336 ! !
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Par EBP_STATIC = 0.001 ! Limit strain rate for !
! Static recristalization!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Par STRAIN_RATE = EXIST
Par EQ_STR_RX = EXIST
Par DIAM_INITIAL= EXIST
Par X_SRX = EXIST
Eta X_DRX = EXIST
FIN LOI

! *** User Variable Law: Dynamic_Diam
LOIV INTG
Dynamic_Diam
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Par ADRX = 0.191 ! !
Par A_3 = 30500 ! !
Par M_3 = 0.242 ! !
Par ALP3 = 0 ! !
Par BET3 = -9450 ! !
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Par STRAIN_RATE = EXIST
Par DIAM_INITIAL= EXIST
Par X_DRX = EXIST
Eta DIAM_DRX = EXIST
FIN LOI

! *** User Variable Law: Static_Recryst
LOIV INTG
Static_Recryst
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Par NSRX = 0.625 ! !
Par A_4 = 3.44E-6 ! !
Par N_4 = -0.496 ! !
Par M_4 = -0.558 ! !
Par ALP4 = 0.56 ! !
Par BET4 = 15610 ! !
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Par EBP_STATIC = EXIST
Par STR_RATE_MOY= EXIST
Par STRAIN_RATE = EXIST
Par EQ_STR_RX = EXIST
Par DIAM_INITIAL= EXIST
Par X_DRX = EXIST
Eta X_SRX = EXIST
FIN LOI

! *** User Variable Law: Static_Diam
LOIV INTG
Static_Diam
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Par ASRX = 0.612 ! !
Par A_5 = 88.44 ! !
Par N_5 = -0.204 ! !
Par M_5 = -0.0148 ! !
Par ALP5 = 0.53 ! !
Par BET5 = -4600 ! !
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Par STR_RATE_MOY= EXIST
Par EQ_STR_RX = EXIST
Par DIAM_INITIAL= EXIST
Par X_SRX = EXIST
Eta DIAM_SRX = EXIST
FIN LOI

! *** User Variable Law: Grain_Growth
LOIV INTG
Grain_Growth
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Par A_6 = 8.4E+28 ! !
Par ALP6 = 6 ! !
Par BET6 = -66000 ! !
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Par LIM_CROIS = 0.95 ! Recristallized ratio !
! reached before !
! Grain Growth !
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Par X_DRX = EXIST
Par X_SRX = EXIST
Eta DIAM_INITIAL= EXIST
Eta DIAM_DRX = EXIST
Eta DIAM_SRX = EXIST
Eta DIAM_AVERAGE= EXIST
FIN LOI

! *** User Variable Law: Total_Recryst
FORGE 2011 Recrystallisation simulation
FORGE 2009 : 2D&3D forging simulation software page 6 TRANSVALOR S.A.
LOIV INTG
Total_Recryst
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Par LIM_MULTI = 0.95 ! Recristallized ratio !
! reached before multiple!
! recrystallization !
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Par DIAM_AVERAGE= EXIST
Par EBP_STATIC = EXIST
Par STRAIN_RATE = EXIST
Eta X_RX_TOTAL = EXIST
Eta X_DRX = EXIST
Eta X_SRX = EXIST
Eta EQ_STR_RX = EXIST
Eta STR_RATE_MOY= EXIST
Eta DIAM_INITIAL= EXIST
FIN LOI

! *** User Variable Law: Diam-ASTM
LOIV INTG
Diam-ASTM
Par DIAM_AVERAGE = EXIST
Eta ASTM_AVERAGE = EXIST
FIN LOI

}











2D material file: 316L-recryst.tmf2
{ Software= GLPre_V2.3 }

{ Comments=
Materiau: X2CrNiMoN17-12 / 1.4909
Type_Calcul: hot forming
Type_Mat: Steels
}

{ Rheological_Units= mm-MPa }

{ Rheological_Data_as_Text=
NORTON-H

Thermoecroui: Hansel Spittel Nb1,
! Material name: X2CrNiMoN17-12 / 1.4909
! Material subtype: N-alloyed austenitic Cr-Ni-Mo Steels
! Properties type: hot forming
! Units: MPa,degC
! Validity domain:
! Temperature: 750 - 1250
! Strain: 0.04 - 1.4
! Strain rate: 0.01 - 500
A1=8905.34,
m1=-0.00383,
m2=0.01246,
m3=0.09912,
m4=-0.02413,
m5=0,
m6=0,
m7=0,
m8=0,
eps_ss = 0.

.USERVAR
! *** User Variable Law: EQ_STR_RX
Name = EQ_STR_RX,
PINI = EXIST

! *** User Variable Law: STR_RATE_MOY
Name = STR_RATE_MOY,
PINI = EXIST
! *** User Variable Law: Diam_Initial
Name = DIAM_INITIAL,
PINI = EXIST,
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
R1 = 1, ! Typ_Size ! 0: Micron, 1: ASTM !
R2 = 4 ! Initial_Value! ASTM Diameter !
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
! *** User Variable Law: X_DRX
Name = X_DRX,
PINI = EXIST,
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
R1 = 1.47, ! NDRX ! !
R2 = 0.000313,! A_1 ! !
R3 = -0.058, ! M_1 ! !
R4 = 0.576, ! ALP1 ! !
R5 = 6055, ! BET1 ! !
R6 = 0.00278, ! A_2 ! !
R7 = -0.067, ! M_2 ! !
R8 = 0.245, ! ALP2 ! !
R9 = 6336, ! BET2 ! !
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
R10= 0.001 ! EBP_STATIC ! Limit strain rate for !
! ! Static recristalization!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
! *** User Variable Law: DIAM_DRX
Name = DIAM_DRX,
FORGE 2011 Recrystallisation simulation
FORGE 2009 : 2D&3D forging simulation software page 7 TRANSVALOR S.A.
PINI = EXIST,
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
R1 = 0.191, ! ADRX ! !
R2 = 30500, ! A_3 ! !
R3 = 0.242, ! M_3 ! !
R4 = 0, ! ALP3 ! !
R5 = -9450 ! BET3 ! !
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
! *** User Variable Law: X_SRX
Name = X_SRX,
PINI = EXIST,
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
R1 = 0.625, ! NSRX ! !
R2 = 3.44E-6,! A_4 ! !
R3 = -0.496, ! N_4 ! !
R4 = -0.558, ! M_4 ! !
R5 = 0.56, ! ALP4 ! !
R6 = 15610 ! BET4 ! !
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

! *** User Variable Law: DIAM_SRX
Name = DIAM_SRX,
PINI = EXIST,
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
R1 = 0.612, ! ASRX ! !
R2 = 88.44, ! A_5 ! !
R3 = -0.204, ! N_5 ! !
R4 = -0.0148,! M_5 ! !
R5 = 0.53, ! ALP5 ! !
R6 = -4600 ! BET5 ! !
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

! *** User Variable Law: DIAM_AVERAGE
Name = DIAM_AVERAGE,
PINI = EXIST,
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
R1 = 8.4E+28,! A_6 ! !
R2 = 6, ! ALP6 ! !
R3 = -66000, ! BET6 ! !
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
R4 = 0.95 ! LIM_CROIS ! Recristallized ratio !
! ! reached before !
! ! Grain Growth !
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

! *** User Variable Law: X_RX_TOTAL
Name = X_RX_TOTAL,
PINI = EXIST,
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
R1 = 0.95 ! LIM_CROIS ! Recristallized ratio !
! ! reached before multiple!
! ! recrystallization !
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

! *** User Variable Law: ASTM_AVERAGE
Name = ASTM_AVERAGE,
PINI = EXIST

.FIN USERVAR
}

{ Thermal_Units= SI }

{ Thermal_Data_as_Text=
!Thermal coefficients
! Material name: X2CrNiMoN17-12 / 1.4909
! Material type: Steels
! Material subtype: N-alloyed austenitic Cr-Ni-Mo Steels
! Properties type: thermal
! Units: kg,mm,sec

LOIV EVOL
PointParPoint
Par FpdDp_5 = 5 ! Temperature dependency
Par FpdNb_5 = 14
Par FpdX_5 (14) = 0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000, 1100, 1200, 1300
Par FpdY_5 (14) = 375.453, 499.355, 551.154, 566.455, 580.863, 629.983, 749.421, 974.78, 793.133, 783.605, 744.124, 696.644, 663.12, 668.8
Var SpecificHeat = Exist
FIN LOI
LOIV EVOL
PointParPoint
Par FpdDp_6 = 5 ! Temperature dependency
Par FpdNb_6 = 14
Par FpdX_6 (14) = 0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000, 1100, 1200, 1300
Par FpdY_6 (14) = 7799.18, 7775.88, 7747.07, 7713.41, 7675.58, 7634.24, 7590.06, 7543.71, 7495.87, 7486.3, 7397.37, 7326.02, 7287.52,
7297.11
Var Density = Exist
FIN LOI
LOIV EVOL
PointParPoint
Par FpdDp_7 = 5 ! Temperature dependency
Par FpdNb_7 = 14
Par FpdX_7 (14) = 0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000, 1100, 1200, 1300
Par FpdY_7 (14) = 34.8805, 37.7373, 38.9327, 38.7016, 37.2786, 34.8987, 31.7966, 28.2071, 24.365, 23.129, 24.707, 25.4612, 25.0551, 23.152
Var Conductivity = Exist
FIN LOI
LOIV EVOL
PointParPoint
Par FpdDp_8 = 5 ! Temperature dependency
Par FpdNb_8 = 14
Par FpdX_8 (14) = 0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000, 1100, 1200, 1300
Par FpdY_8 (14) = 9.9707e-006, 1.1172e-005, 1.34433e-005, 1.54517e-005, 1.71962e-005, 1.86741e-005, 1.98812e-005, 2.08125e-005, 1.27322e-
005, 2.20456e-005, 3.60703e-005, 2.49358e-005, 1.75661e-005, 0
Var L_Expansion = Exist
FIN LOI
Epsilon = 0.88 ! Emissivity
}

FORGE 2011 Recrystallisation simulation
FORGE 2009 : 2D&3D forging simulation software page 8 TRANSVALOR S.A.
Initialisation of the grain size in the billet
As it has been presented in the previous paragraph, it is possible to initialise the initial value
for the grain directly in the material file (.tmf2 or .tmf3). It is also possible to initialize the
grain size with the pre-processor GlPre.

To initialise the grain size in the billet
- Select Initial Setting' in the Properties tab.
- Add a field :
- Initial Setting
- Field
- Add from Template
- Select : Initial_Grain_Diameter.uff
- Choose the field Diam Initial
- Introduce the value for initial grain size in micron with a constant or non-constant
value in the initial part.

FORGE 2011 Recrystallisation simulation
FORGE 2009 : 2D&3D forging simulation software page 9 TRANSVALOR S.A.
Different models for the recrystallisation during hot forming
In the FORGE2009 distribution package some material are described including a
recrystallisation model:

- 316L austenitic steel.
o Materials\Hot\Recrystallization\316L-recryst.tmf2 : 2D simulation
o Materials\Hot\Recrystallization\316L-recryst.tmf3 : 3D simulation
- 718 super alloy
o Materials\Hot\Recrystallization\Inco718-recryst.tmf3 : 3D simulation
- Waspalloy
o Materials\Hot\Recrystallization\Waspalloy-recryst.tmf3 : 3D simulation