Sharon Ly Chapter #13: The Rise of a Mass Democracy Big Picture Themes 1.

. Andrew Jackson felt hed been robbed the presidency in 1824. This motivated the regular folks to political action. He vowed to win for the peoples sake, and did so. 2. A conflict started to brew between the north and the south. The issue was the tariff (import tax) and whether the south had the right to nullify or wipe it out. The trouble was worked out, but it foreshadowed bigger trouble to come, over slavery. 3. Jackson distrusted bankshe thought they were tools for the rich to milk money off the poor. He killed the National Bank and threw the whole banking system into chaos. 4. By the time William Henry Harrison ran for president in 1840, popular, mass politics had grown into the circus-like monster that its known as today. IDENTIFICATIONS: American System Invented by Henry Clay; was to unite the nation economically and politically; unite the people in debt; make American goods more appealing; lead to the building of canals, roads, etc. Corrupt Bargain John Quincy Adams appointed Henry Clay the Secretary of State right after he was made president Tariff of Abominations A high tariff that the Democrats tried to veto; caused a sectional split; prelude to the Civil War Nullification Any law passed by the Federal gov. could be void by the States Force Bill Also known as the Bloody Bill. Allowed the president, Army and Navy to collect tariffs. Five Civilized Tribes Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek, and Seminole; separate nations with formal treaties. Trail of Tears Forced relocation and movement of Indian tribes; deadly march where disease would be. Nicholas Biddle President of the BUS Democrats vs. Whigs Democrats wanted a weak government, opposed tariffs and government spending; Whigs wanted a strong government, supported tariffs and favored government

Sharon Ly spending. South Carolina Exposition and Protest A pamphlet that spoke of the tariff abomination and proposed to nullify the tariff Martin Van Buren 8th president; hated by the Democrats; blamed for starting the Panic of 1837 Specie Circular All lands must be purchased with gold or silver; as a result of paper money becoming worthless. Hayne-Webster Debate A debate for a suspension for land surveying; Daniel Webster and Robert Hayne. The Alamo The trapping of Texans; became a war cry for the Texans GUIDED READING QUESTIONS: The "Corrupt Bargain or 1824 Know: Andrew Jackson, Henry Clay, John Quincy Adams, King Caucus, Corrupt Bargain 1. What was unusual about John Quincy Adams's victory in the presidential election of 1824? After his victory it was unusual because he made Henry Clay his Secretary of State right after. Clay took his votes and gave them to Adams so that Adams would win. Adams was made president thanks to the votes from Clays supporters. A Yankee Misfit in the White House Know: John Quincy Adams 2. Was John Quincy Adams well suited to be president? Explain. Yes, because he was like his father during his presidency. He didnt get rid of many of his office members. Achieved high respect and honor. Going "Whole Hog" for Jackson in 1828 Know: Old Hickory, Mudslinging, Rachel Robards 3. Describe the tone and tactics used in the 1828 election. The tone and tactics used in the election were low. Each side crossed borders that shouldnt have been when campaigning. Jackson and Adams were both ridiculed during the election because secret family problems were brought out. Old Hickory as President Know: Inaugural Brawl, King Mob 4. What was there about Andrew Jackson which made him a man of the people? He was known as the common man. He came from a poor family and was alone because his family was dead. He was very damaged as a result of many battles, duels,

Sharon Ly and he had many diseases so he was very in touch and didnt think highly of himself. The Spoils System Know: Spoils System, Rotation in Office 5. Defend Andrew Jackson's use of the Spoils System. Jackson wanted to guarantee that the people in office would support him. By putting in his supporters it promised that when he needed something done there would be people on his side. This would also ensure that no one would try to ridicule him. The Tricky Tariff of Abominations Know: Tariff of Abominations (of 1828), Denmark Vesey 6. What circumstances led to the passage of the Tariff of Abominations? It was passed as a result of the tariffs. It was an argument of those who didnt agree with the tariffs. Tariffs marked up prices on goods and the Americans didnt like it. "Nullies" in South Carolina Know: Nullies, Henry Clay, Tariff of 1833, Force Bill 5. Describe the nullification crisis. Nullies were the ones who wanted to nullify. They needed two thirds of the vote for nullification but the Unionists made that impossible to happen. The tariff was passed and cause more argument. The Trail of Tears Know: Cherokees, Five Civilized Tribes, Indian Removal Act, Trail of Tears, Indian Territory, The Bureau of Indian Affairs, Seminoles 8. What was particularly unfair about the treatment of the Cherokee Tribe? It was unfair that they had won the court case that they presented but Jackson wouldnt recognize it. They tried to adapt to the American ways. They were still ignored and forced out of their lands. The Bank War Know: Bank of the United States, Nicholas Biddle 9. Do you agree or disagree with Nicholas Biddles nickname, Czar Nicholas I? Explain. Yes, because of the amount of power he had within the BUS. He was a part of a elite circle of moneyed investors. He abused his powers that he was given. "Old Hickory" Wallops Clay in 1832 Know: Anti-Masonic Party 10. What two things were unique about the election of 1832? An additional third party being added made it unique called the Anti- Masonic Party. There was also a nation nomination for the people to name candidates. They created formal platforms and publicized their positions, Burying Biddles Bank Know: Mandate, Pet Banks, Specie Circular

Sharon Ly 11. "Andrew Jackson's killing of the BUS forced him to issue the Specie Circular." Assess. The Specie Circular declared that all land that was purchased had to be pure gold or silver. Paper money became worthless as a result of Jacksons pet banks. He had to take action and responsibility for what he did to the BUS and make up for all the money. The Birth of the Whigs Know: Democrats, Whigs 12. What is so alluring about being associated with the common man? The Whigs believed that Jackson wasnt the common man. They were defenders of the common man and felt that the Democrats were behind something unreal. Jacksonian rhetoric was turned on its head. The Election of 1836 Know: Favorite Son, William Henry Harrison, Martin Van Buren 13. Describe the development of the second party system from 1828-1836. Jackson nominated Van Buren for the next presidency. The Whigs who were against it were very unorganized and tried to nominate a favorite son. The Whigs would fail and van Buren would be made the next president. Big Woes for the "Little Magician" Know: Martin Van Buren 14. Why was Martin Van Buren unpopular? He was unpopular because he took on all the problems that Jackson had left behind. He didnt have a strong control of the country. This would lead to panic. Depression Doldrums and the Independent Treasury Know: Panic of 1837, Speculation, Divorce Bill, Independent Treasury 15. What caused the Panic of 1837, and what was done by the president to try and end it? Speculation is what caused the Panic of 1837. Van Buren made the Divorce bill to try to end it. The Divorce Bill was to divorce government from banking. Gone to Texas Know: Stephen Austin, Davy Crockett 16. What made Texas so appealing to Americans? Texas was appealing because of all the land that it had and Americans were allowed to buy it. Texas wasnt allowed to have slaves. The people didnt listen and a man that tried to change it was thrown in jail. The Lone Star Rebellion Know: Sam Houston, Santa Anna, Alamo, W. B. Travis, Goliad, Lone Star Republic, San Jacinto 17. How did Texas, a part of Mexico settled by Americans, become independent of both?

Sharon Ly Texas went to war after their loss at the Alamo and this would fuel them to succeed. They would capture Santa Ana and as a result sign a treaty. Jackson was hesitant but then made them independent. Makers of America: Mexican or Texan? Know: Moses Austin, Stephen Austin, Anglos 18. Did Texans ever really intend to become Mexican citizens, or did they feign allegiance to get land? Some intended to become citizens however not all did. Some who werent Anglo wanted the land. The ones who wanted to become citizens were following Stephen Austin. The Log Cabins and Hard Cider of 1840 Know: Log Cabin, Hard Cider, "Tippecanoe and Tyler Too" 19. What does the election of 1840 tell you about politics and voters in America at that time? The people needed someone who was strong to take power. It was a protest against the hard times. The people needed a hard worker that could keep them running. The Two-Party System 20. Who were the Democrats and what did they believe? The Whigs? The Democrats glorified liberty and they believed that there should be a weak government. The Whigs were the opposite and wanted a strong government. They had some things despite being against each other.