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Solution Preparation Steps

The document outlines a 5-step process for teaching solution preparation: 1) Define solutions and concentration units, 2) Measure solvent volume, 3) Measure solute mass, 4) Mix solute and solvent, and 5) Check the final solution. Key aspects covered include concentration calculations using mass/volume, percentage, and molarity units. Examples are provided for making specific solutions of copper sulfate and checking the solutions in a spectrophotometer.

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874 views

Solution Preparation Steps

The document outlines a 5-step process for teaching solution preparation: 1) Define solutions and concentration units, 2) Measure solvent volume, 3) Measure solute mass, 4) Mix solute and solvent, and 5) Check the final solution. Key aspects covered include concentration calculations using mass/volume, percentage, and molarity units. Examples are provided for making specific solutions of copper sulfate and checking the solutions in a spectrophotometer.

Uploaded by

veera6bb
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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5 Steps to Teach Solution Prep

• Biotech 1 SLOP
• Text - Chapter 3
• Lab Manual - Chapter 3
• Student CD Tutorials
• Course Planner

Ellyn Daugherty
SM Biotech Career Pathway
www.BiotechEd.com
www.emcp.com/biotech
www.sargentwelch.com/biotech
[email protected]
Five Steps to Teach Solution Prep

1. What is a solution?
2. Solvent Measurement
3. Measure the Solute
4. Mix the Solute and Solvent
5. Check the Solution Preparation
Step 1. What is a Solution ?
• Solutes (usually measured in g)
• Solvents (usually measured in mL)
• Mixed together until solute
dissolves in solvent
solute 8 mg/mL 4 mg/mL 2 mg/mL
concentration =
solution
• Described by the portion of solute
to solvent usually in one of 3 ways:
•5 g/L protease
- mass/volume
•175 mg/mL rennin
•25 !g/!L chymosin

- % mass/volume • 2% glucose solution


• 10% sodium hydroxide solution

• 1M NaOH
- molarity • 50 mM TRIS
• 5 !M CaCl2
Step #2 Solvent Measurement
Volume of solvent is usually measured using one of 3
instruments. For each, ask:
• What is the total volume that can be measured?
• What is the value of each type of graduation?
Review: Metric Measurements and Conversions

1000 1000
L mL !L

92 ml = _________ !L 357 !L = _________ mL

0.5 L = _________ mL 0.557 mL = _________ !L


Step #3 Solute Measurement
Solutes are usually dry chemicals
and their mass is measured on a
scale/balance and reported in
grams (g).
For a specified concentration of a
specified volume of solution, the
technician must determine the
amount of mass of solute need for
the volume of solution at some final
concentration.
3 different equations, one for each
concentration units group
- mass/volume
- % mass/volume
- molarity
Determine the Mass of Solute (g)
3 different equations, one for each concentration units group

___________ _____________ __________________


• mass/volume concentration desired X volume desired = mass of solute needed

__________ ____________ _________________


• % mass/volume conc desired (decimal) X volume desired = mass of solute needed

_________ ____________ __________ __________

• molarity concentration X volume desired X molecular weight = mass of solute needed


desired (mol/L) (L) (g/mol) (g)
Measuring for Mass/Volume Solutions

To make 100 mL of a 5 mg/mL hemoglobin solution

___________ _____________ _________________


concentration desired X volume desired = mass of solute to be weighed

5 mg/mL 100 mL 500 mg = 0.5 g


concentration desired X volume desired = mass of solute to be weighed
Measuring for % Mass/Volume Solutions
To make 100 mL of a 3% CuSO4 solution
3 % = 0.03

__________ ____________ _________________


conc desired (decimal) X volume desired = mass of solute needed

0.03 g/mL 100 mL 3 g CuSO4


conc desired X volume desired = mass of solute needed
Measuring for Molar Solutions
To make 300 mL of a 0.5M NaOH solution.
Convert 300 mL = 0.3 L

_________ ____________ __________ _______


concentration X volume desired X molecular weight = mass of solute
desired (mol/L) (L) (g/mol) (g)

Molecular Weight ?

Moles are used to count molecules and atoms since they are too small to
count individually. 1 mole equals the amount of molecules that gives a
mass, in grams, equal to that substance’s molecular or formula weight.

The formula weight can be determined using a periodic table or by looking


at a chemical reagent bottle.
For Molar Solutions you need the MW
Determine the molecular weight of the solute

The formula weight can be determined using a periodic table or by looking


at a chemical reagent bottle
Measuring for Molar Solutions
To make 300 mL of a 0.5M NaOH solution.
Convert 300 mL = 0.3 L

0.5 mol/L 0.3 L 40 g/mol 6g


concentration X volume desired X molecular weight = mass of solute
desired (mol/L) (L) (g/mol) (g)

6 g of NaOH is measured on a balance and put into an appropriate vessel.


Then, solvent is added up to the 300 mL graduation.
4. Mixing the Solute and Solvent

Mass/Volume solutions

100 mL of a 5 mg/mL hemoglobin solution.

5 mg/mL 100 mL 500 mg = 0.5 g


concentration desired X volume desired = mass of solute to be weighed

250 mL beaker

100 mL
solvent (dH20 or buffer)
0.5 g hemoglobin
Mass/Volume Demo
Mixing % Mass/Volume Solutions

100 mL of a 3% CuSO4 solution

0.03 g/mL 100 mL 3 g CuSO4


conc desired (decimal) X volume desired = mass of solute needed

250 mL beaker

100 mL
solvent (buffer or dH20)
3 g CuSO4
% Mass/Volume Demo
Mixing Molar Solutions
300 mL of a 0.5M NaOH solution.
Convert 300 mL = 0.3 L

0.5 mol/L 0.3 L 40 g/mol 6g


concentration X volume desired X molecular weight = mass of solute
desired (mol/L) (L) (g/mol) (g)

600 mL beaker
300 mL
solvent (dH20 or buffer)
6 g NaOH
Molar Solution Demo
Step 5 Checking the Solution Preparation

I like to teach solution prep with copper sulfate since it is blue


and can be visualized (relative number of molecules compared)
in the Spec 20D+ at 600 nm)

I also check the volume and labels on all tubes.

Other methods of checking solution prep?


Now YOU try it.
Make the following solutions but before you do:
• Do all the calculations showing the equations with all the units of measurement shown.
• Diagram how you are going to prepare the solution.

After you prepare the solution, check it in the spec. Demonstrate how to take up and dispense a sample.

• 5 mL of 0.2 g/mL cupric sulfate pentahydrate


• 7 mL of 50 mg/mL cupric sulfate pentahydrate
• 4 mL of 2% cupric sulfate pentahydrate
• 6 mL of 1% cupric sulfate pentahydrate
• 5 mL of 0.5 M cupric sulfate pentahydrate
• 4 mL of 250 mM cupric sulfate pentahydrate

Check each solution in the spec at 600 nm.


Use 3 mL of the solution to be checked, in a 13x100 mm cuvette.

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