The Image Business -..

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...ead-in
a. What impression do you get of the people in the pictures? How
important is their image to them? Who do you think has to work hardest to maintain their image? Discussin pairs. b. To what extent do these things contribute to a person's image? Which ones are easiest to change? Discussin groups.

Wan Listen to someone talking about incident.Which one of the

abovesayingsdoesthe story illustrate?

(j)

Listen again and find the words

the speaker uses to describe: the advert .......................................... .......................................................... PiersSmythe-Tomkinson

hairstyle clothes money intelligence behaviour beauty home personality friends hobbies accent car diet

his appearance ................................ his manner ...................................... ..........................................................

the brochure ......................................

All the following people are connected with the image business. What does their work involve? What effect do the images they create have on us? Discussin pairs. actor architect artist beautician
fashion-designer film-director illustrator image-consultant

the bank's premises ...........................

model photographer sculptor stuntman

d. Do you think you would ever be

"'.S

a. What is meant by the following sayings? Do you agree with them? Why/Why not? Discussin pairs.

Paraphrasethe following quotations. Which do you agree with? Discussin pairs.

as gullible as the speaker? Why/ Why not? Discussin pairs.

(
Appearancescan be deceptive. )

'Beauty isn't worth thinking about; what's important is your mind: ....
GarrisonKeillor (USwriter)

(
,

Beautyis only skin deep.

)
lies. '55% of our influence upon others is based on our image: LoriJohnson(British businesswoman)

--- ( Beautyis in the eye of the beholder.

'--

-The camera ne;r

)

(A picture

is worth a thousand words.

191

Reading- Part2

a. Youwill readan articleabout BettyJackson, a fashiondesigner. Beforeyou read,discuss the following questionsin pairs.
What fashiondesigners do you know of? What sort of clothesdo theydesign? 2 Which of these adjectives fit your imageof a fashion designer? Canyouaddanymore?

fi(

.to

.artistic' I -eccen..!fic l juvenile' attractive

I

:generous ~
I

:caring ~orous J :.!estrained

b. Lookat the title of the article.What doesit mean?How might it applyto a fashion designer? Now scanthe text to find out in what waysBettyJackson is 'somethingof an oddity'.

~!d__ 19famorous rebellio;!s

.... ~

1..---

Something of an Oddity?
Fashiondesigner BettyJackson on herlife,herworkand theLondonfashionworld.
Fashion in this country is regarded as something of a juvenile pursuit, dominated by shock tactics and flights of fancy, clothes by and for the very young and very bold. Even older British designers inhabit a Peter Pan dream world of eternal pink hair. . 1 There is no display of deliberate eccentricity: Jackson is a model of restraint. She wears nothing
but her own designs 4 Her father, clearly skilled at outmanoeuvring tIk: wayward young Jackson, said that art college W'3.. fIne, but insisted on Rochdale, which was just dow:: the road. ... ....

5 After graduating in 1971,Jackson moved to London. working as a fashion illustrator. 9ne day, at a friend house, she met the designer Wendy Dagworthy (no-' professor of fashion at the Royal College of Art) an.. became a design assistant. A few years later she moved on to the fashion collective Quorum, and iJ: 1981, Betty Jackson Ltd was born. . 6 If Jackson seems a great deal more down to er'" than most designers, there is one event in her that see1;Ilsto have shaped this. Aged 21, during a last year as a student, she had a horrillc car crash. a result of her injuries she had one leg amputata. She spent a year at her parents' home, confIned bed, passing a great deal of time drawing, wh...... influenced her decision to begin her ~areer as illustrator rather than a designer. The accident a ,influenced her attitude to the fashion world. ~

else's?' and, in winter, nothing but black, sometimes adding touches of white in summer. She claims she does wear colour, because she sometimes wears denim, although I'm not sure that counts. . 2 But as a regime, 'it works for me. And I don't think fashion is working unless it's in the context of someone living in it! For her, it is imperative that designs 'work': 'When you see someone wearing your clothes, and they've picked them out of all the choice that's out there, and they're wearing them, that's when you've really done it! 3I Betty Jackson was born in Bacup, Lancashire, in 1949. Her mother 'was on committees, ran the home, looked glamorous'; her father owned a shoe factory. But it was a mild yen for teenage rebellion, rather than a daughterly desire to follow her father into the rag trade, that led her to study fashion.

'Why would

I wear anybody

you have a physical disability,fashion is hardly ;;..

obvious career because everyone is so gorgeous ;;;:: glantQrous. It would be lovely if everyone was ;f and slender and perfect; she says - but she kncthat they're not.

192

"""

Jackson has, by any measure, really done it. Her business has survived more than 20 years in an
industry where few see their 30th birthday before bankruptcy. What's more, Jackson has enjoyed a renewed cult following over the past few years, attracting a new generation of celebrity clients, such as ex-AllSaint Melanie Blatt, who have brought a new
buzz around the Betty Jackson label.

)
I
I

Read the article more carefully. Six paragraphs have been removed. Choose from the paragraphs A-G the one which fits each gap (1-6). There is one extra paragraph you do not need to use.

l
! The early years were 'the most incredibly exciting time. Everyone loved British fashion. We were turning away orders because we couldn't cope.' After the high came a recession which saw many of Jackson's contemporaries
I

Highlight the parts of the text that helped you decide where the missing paragraphs fit, and compare with a partner.

Vocabulary Practice

a. Match the highlighted words in the article with the definitions below.

go under. That Jackson survived has earned her

enormous respect. To stay at the top of British fashion for any length of time is a huge challenge.

rebellious cliched bychance vital

regulated system obtaining an advantage over the opposite desire

b. Explainthe words in bold.

So it is no surprise that Britain's obsession with tacky celebrity is not to her taste. 'Fashion reporting has become so trite. Fashion has always been involved in celebrity culture; we've always dressed film stars and musicians, but now it seems to have taken over. And the quality of celebrity seems to have gone downhill. Which makes Betty Jackson, who is a British fashion

Text Analysis
Explainthe meaning of the following phrases from the article.
1
2 3 4 5 6

designer but also most definitely a grown-up, -something of an oddity. She designs a range for Marks & Spencer, the ultimate grown-up store. Her hair is not fuchsia but snowy white.

flightsof fancy(para 1) inhabit a Peter Pan dream world (para 1) confinedto bed (after gap 6)
cult following (para A) go under (para B) an ego the size of a house (para F)

~
,.

,
-.

'1 didn't really know what I wanted to do. All I knew was that I didn't want to go to university, which was what I was supposed to do. I was vaguelygood at art, and there was a sit-in at Homsey College of Art at the time, and I rather fancied the sound of that, so I announced I wanted to go to art college.' It's not that she doesn't likecolour - there is plentyof it in her collections- 'it's something to do with wanting to be anonymous. By which I don't mean to suggest I don't like to be in control. I realise I must have an ego the size of a house to do what I do, so let's not pretend otherwise.'
None the less, Jack.son loved art college from the start. 'As soon as I got there I realised I'd fortuitously come to the right place. There were all these exciting, interesting people, and the textiles department had a fantastic library of old Chinese and Mongolian textiles. That's where I started to enjoy messing about with cloth.' After a year's foundation course, she went on to study fashion and textiles at Birmingham.

Discussion

Which of these elements do you consider most important when choosing clothes? Why? Discussin

pairs.
'; comfort
practicality

durabii~y
s!}'le

fabric~

fashion- I !abel

price
other

.,. ....

Imagine you work as a journalist for a fashion magazine. You have been asked to interview Betty Jackson. In pairs, use the information frorv. the text to act out the interview.

8
I

---

) - - - ---.............

designers. Decide on your winter collection for men, women and children. Draw pictures, then present your collectionto the class.

Workingroups.Imagineyou are fashion

193

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Language Focus

...t]'f;
~~i~:~~'-~ . . ~ ~

Clothes

Beauty Tools

a. Matchthe clothingto the photographs,then chooseanytwo peopleand describethem to yourpartner.

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.-.

!
Which of the following are most/:, used by women (W),which by mer (M)and which are unisex (U)?Wha their use? Tellyour partner. 1shaving foam.....;2 hairtrimmer ... 3 nailscissors .....;4 comb .....; 5 styling mousse .....;6 nailfile.....; 7 blusher .....;8 moisturiser .....; 9 polish remover .....;10eye liner.....; 11lipgloss .....;12tweezers .....;

a. stripytank-top,blackjeans b. charcoal suit,whiteshirt

c. bomberjacket, white shirt d. white blouse,black scarf e. dark suit, stripy tie f. denim dungarees,cowboy hat g. stripyred and white top, dungarees h. leatherjacket,jeans, leatherbelt

Qdd-one-out

In pairs, find the odd-one-out doesn't belong in the group.

in ea::::

group, then brieflyexplain why it

1 sideburns - moustache - tattoo - bea,,: Tattoo is theodd-one-out because all o. arekinds of facial hair. 2 dinnerjacket - denimshirt - bow LP3 4 5 6 7 8 ball gown after-shave lotion- nailpolish -

eye shadow

lipstick hairdresser - director- beauticiar

make-up artist waistcoat - sandals - stilettos - welling:o - shoelace collar- cuff - sleeve

eye liner-lip gloss- razor- foundatiO'"

stockings - sweater - woollyjumperblouse necklace - earring' - bracelet - kilt cotton- hanger - wool- silk

This person is wearing

...

9 10

b. Which of the outfits in the pictures would you wear for a job interview? a first date? . a wedding? a walk in the park? doing chores around thehouse? going to schooVcoliege?

Body language

c. Which of the adjectives are positive (P),which are negative (N) and which can be either, depending on the context (E)?Decide

a. MatchitemsfromAand Bto
form phrases which describe

inpairs.
outgoing sociable charismatic dependable

variouskindsof bodylanguage

I indecisive irresponsible untrustworthy ill-disciplined

introverted unpredictable respectable aggressive distant impish coa rse stuffy

. .

knowledgeable confident sophisticated approachable intellectual unassuming assertive unpretentious

lick hold drum shrug wrinkle purse clench raise shake twist

d. Use the adjectives in Ex. 1c to talk about the people in the photographs (1-8). A: The youngmanin thedarksuitlooksquiteunassuming. B: Iagree. Healsocomes across asindecisive.

your breath your nose yournead your fingers your lips your hair your head your lips

your fists
your shoulders

194

nod

youreyebrows

--~._---

::

in the following sentences with some of the

from Ex. 4a in their correct form. Use

For items like gowns and dinner jackets, you need to go

~rases

to
6

on the sixthfloor.

:''''E remaining phrases in sentences of your own. :~e and scratchedher head

Although it was late November, it was still warm enough

to go out in shortsanda 7 Thenew

employees have to wear a tie.

.
means that all male wastoo hard

-~oughtfully before she answered the interviewer's :..;estion. e suspect nervously

~

S Crispandcool,the
for Sarah to resist, even at 600.

and fidgeted in

15chair while he waited for his solicitor to arrive.

-"e director r,e football fan

~eam scored the winning goal. _

in surprisewhen the angrilyas the opposing b. Complete the cartoon caption below with an item from Ex. Sa.

"1eXperienteo octCT S\.\99~S\~1!, \;\~ ?\o'J tl\~ l~od (ole..

.;s mum was talking on the phone, she simply............... in assent when I asked if I could borrow

,he car.

:. In pairs, use the phrases in Ex.4a to discusshow people convey the feelings listed in the box in a non-verbal way, as in the example.

bored angry

nervous

anxious

disgusted indecisive shocked -.

:'

Howcanyou tellif somebody you'retalkingto isbored?

Well, / canusually telltheyarebored if theydrumtheir

fingers or twisttheirhair.

~_Films
*'

'"

Collocations
a. Match A to B to make collocations then use them to write sentences.

a. Which of the following kinds of films have you

..

seen?Whichdo you like/dislike? Tellyour partner.

roadmovie costume drama

slapstickcomedy spoof epic

,.. surgery top care code wear room features suit

changing dress evening

sleeveless

romanticcomedy psychological thriller murdermystery film noir actionadventure

western adaptation
) Useful language: likes and Dislikes

cosmetic skin tailored well-defined

I don't mind...

but'

much prefer

...

I don't usually go for ... . Instead, I'd rather watch ...

I can't stand ... .1 find them really predictable/corny/uninteresting!

She looked quite aristocratic because of her handsome

tedious/depressing.

face with its 2 3

I just love a good .... I-> Some... are alright, but generally I prefer ... . I find them much more moving!entertaining!enjoyable/powerfuVcharminglinsightfuV amusinglthought-provoking.

Why don't you try the sweater on? The ......................... is at the back of the boutique. She thought her nose was far too big, so she had to reduce its size.

Beauticians agree that

important least twice a day.

isvery

and recommend that you use a moisturiser at

/ don'tmindromantic comedies, but / much prefer murder mysteries./ findthem much more enjoyable.

195

,I

Language Focus
.

b. Consulting a dictionary if necessary,say what

the following people do.

:) Idioms
8
Fillin the gapswith itemsfrom the list, then
explain the idioms in your own words. Are there similar idioms in your language?

screenwriter director . lighting technician editor costume designer . film critic specialeffects engineer make-up artist sound engineer . stuntman . double

~o

appearances face eye ears lips teeth

Thescreenwriter isthepersonwhowritesthescriptfora film.

tongue ear
Theinsurance industryis smackingits ,,the prospectof more and more peoplewanting := insure theirpossessions. 2 Despitethe fact that he was in very seriousmore trouble. he was still concernedwith keeping l,;p
.

c. Complete as much of the following questionnaire as possible about your favourite film, then tell the classabout it.

Title Kind Director

.............................................................................. of film .............................................................

3 Hewanted to say something. buthebithis................. and decided nono getinvolved intheargument

4 Steve andI do not always seeeyeto but '=

.....................................................................

Year
Starring

:.........................................
......................................................................

doourbest to get along.

S Her colleagues thought that she had the manager's sotheywouldoftengoto herwith reques:: or complaints. 6 Twoessays and a presentation due next week shou: giveyouplentyto sinkyour into.

Reasonsfor choice .........................................

..........................................................................................

7 Shepretends to be poor,but the truth is she's g="

My favouritefilm is Titanic, a 1997romancestarringKate Winslet and LeonardoOi Caprio.It is directedby JamesCameron.I like

thisfilmbecause ...

moneycomingout of her . 8 Whenthe boysawhismotherserving the vegetables ~.~ pulleda(n) in disgust

:) Words often Confused

7
Underlinethe correctword in eachsentence.
Being healthycanhavevery(confident/positive/gainful/ progressive) effectson the wayyoulook. 2 Buyingcomputers meantthat the dozens of employees whose job hadbeento filedocuments were(truly/validly/ correctly/effectively) made redundant 3 Hewaitedin the carwith the engine(turnedout/turned away/turnedover/turnedoff). Visitingthe castlegivesyou a real(sens.e/significance/ meaning/comprehension) of the city'spast S Exercise hasmanybeneficial effects on yourhealth.but it isalsoenjoyable in its (particular/proper/own/individual) right 6 We decided to (fit/apply/set/position)newwindowsall aroundthe house. 7 A strongdownwardcurrentcaused the balloonto start (dropping/missing/declining/losing) heightrapidly. 8 Dataconcerning the factory'semission of pollutantsis not readily (known/available/suitable/convenient). 9 Justfollowtherules. submit allworkontimeandyou'lihave no problems. It's just (common/general/clear/practical) sense. really. 10 Whenyou'replanning your exercise. keepin mindyour (balance/grade/level/stage) of fitness andsetgoalsthat arerealistic. 4

:)
9

Fixed Phra~es (phrases with down)

a. Matchthe fixed phrases with their meanings.

. .'

m m m m

[[]

down-and-out down in the mouth ups and downs down the drain down-to-earth hand-me-downs
down payment

a poor
b sensible c shabby d wasted e depressed f good and bad times 9 used clothes h deposit

"

.E

11

IZD

IKJ

down-at-heel

b. Usefixed phrasesfrom aboveto fill in the ga~ in the sentences. ~

Don't worry about him; he's just a bit ...........
about his forthcoming fortieth birthday. 2 For a film idol. I find him incredibly .............. and modest about his success.
.

3 4

3 _ Since his redundancy last year he's been looking rat~

196

Don't wasteyour time buyingany of thoseanti-agir; creams. It'ssimplymoney .

.'

Phrasal Verbs

Appendix1

.-

'Jlatchthe verbswith the particlesto form phrasal "erbsand usethem, in the correcttense,to completethe sentences below.

----

-at

--

under

--

GO PIa over '------"

~

..---

--

up(2)

2 3 4

Eversincethe priceof cinematickets......................... (increase) I'vestoppedgoingto seefilms. He's got a problem with his self-imageright now because his~usiness recently (fail). I heard that that politician has an image-consultant (select)all hisclothesfor him. It is well known that those who ............................. (bully) peoplesmaller than themselves arelackingin self-confidence. Really, Martha!Youspenda fortuneon gettingyourhair doneeverymonthandit just cannot...................... ...... ... (continue). Why don't you come down to my office and we'll (examine)the reasons whyyouthink you'rea failure. On your way homecanyou stop at the cleaner's and (collect)mydinnerjacket? Shethinksshe's gainedweightandasa resultshebarely (nibble) her food.

----

7 8

~ Communication:ExpressingSurprise
11 a.
~

Fillin the gaps with the words 9iven to form phrases used to express surprise.

shock serious come quite aback

I'm rathertaken of this. byall . off it!

2 Thisissomething of a 3 4 5 astonishing. Are you

Thisis .................................... ?

--:--.;;

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, 0

Listening & Speaking

f

(Listening-Part 2

(Listening - Part 4

a. Youwill hear an image-consultant giving advice to students looking for jobs. Before you listen,
discuss these questions in pairs. The speaker will referto 'a grungystudentimage'and a 'stylishready-for-the-world-of-work look'?What is the difference? How might your imageaffectyour chances at a job interview?

a. Youwill hear some people talking about speaa effects in films. Before you listen, discuss the following in pairs.

.I

'II

... c ...

Haveyou seen any films in which specialef,.playedan importantrole?Whatsortof special ef~werethey?Howsuccessful werethey? Thefollowingwordsare usedby the speakers. do they mean?How might they be connected special effectsin films? hideous cumbersome . reluctant

Howcanyoumakea goodimpression whengoingfor

an interview?

authentic

implausible

b. Lookat the notes below and suggest what kind of information might be needed to fillthe gaps.

W
Now listen to the recording. Forquestions 1-8,

Now listen to the recording and do the

following tasks.
Task1

complete the sentences.

For questions 1-5, choose from the list A-H the per5lr who is speaking.

Importance of image Thefirst

[D

Iof an intervieware

A a special effectsartist
B a film director ( an actorin a horrorfilm D a costume designer E a stuntman/woman F a make-up artist G a comedy actor H a cameraman/woman

vitalforcreating a favourable impression.

Menshouldweara darkgreysuitanda

Ishirt.

Womenshouldweara suitthat complements their

m m m m
IT]

~ ~

I. Ishoescancreatea bad

...

.....................

impression.
WomeF1 shouldmakesurethat their make-up isnot

~
It isimportantto maintain the interviewer.

I.
I.
1

Task2 For questions 6-10, choose from the list A-H tt>: difficultiesthe speakers have to cope with. A fear B vanity
(

Men shouldexercise cautionwith @]

@I]

~ Iin advance.

cost

with

D inconsistency

IT]
@D

E time F boredom
G texture

It isa goodideato practise your

~
in pairs.

IT]
.

H discomfort .. . ..........

d. What do you think of the advice given? Discuss

c. Wouldyou liketo do any of these jobs? Why~ not? Tellthe class.

198

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.......

Speaking- Part 3: Discuss, Evaluate& Select

(Speaking -~art4 (~~dents -~

A&B

::
3

The Visual Image

~ntsA&B

Work in pairs. look at these pictures of people at work. Talkto each other about the importance of the visual image in these jobs. Then decide which job you think is the most difficult to do well.

Discussthe following questions together.

Do you judge peopleJthings how they look? 2 Have the fashion and art worlds influenced people's perception on

--

"
~~

of beauty and ability?

3
4

What makes someone/something attractive or appealing? Have you ever bought something! eaten looked something good and by it? because then it

been

disappointed 5

Is the visual image of someone! something the most important

factor for you?

Listento two candidates

doing the speaking tasks in Exs. 3 and 4 and compare their performance to that of your classmates. Assess your classmates

intermsof:

grammar and vocabulary

discourse management

What is the
...-

importance

of the visual

"
:>
6

pronunciation interactive communication

image in these jobs?

t.
~" It must appeal to the eye ...
I Useful language:

"-

Which job do you think is the most difficult to do well?

----

a b

Everyday English
Responding to compliments

] Useful language: Evaluating It is difficult to judge ... everyonehas hislher own style. What one person seesas art, another seesas ... If it doesn't look good ... people won't like it/try it ...

Inpairs,decidewhat the other

speaker has said and use the expressions below in response. You're too kind. Do you reallythink so?

Different people have different priorities ...

I'"
Selecting

c That's niceof you to say. d Glad youiike it. e It is, isn't it?
A: Youlook fabulous in that suit. B: You'retoo kind.

It is hard to say... they all have their challenges ... Some people have a natural talent ... There has to be a personal connection
I have to admit ... is the most

...

challenging. ... \\o'Ne"e~. ~<)~'me

lney a\\ nave 't'oe\{ dW,ku\\\es

...

Reading - Part 1

You are going to read three short extracts which are all linked to one theme. a. Quickly read through the titles of the extracts and look at the accompanying photographs and say what theme links the three texts.

The Cottingley Fairies

In 1917 two innocent-seeming English schoog 16-year-oldElsie Wright and her 10-year-oldCOFrances Griffiths, launched a deception -:_

somehowmanagedto fool many peopleover 5 following years, including the creator of She-':: Holmes, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. While playing in Cottingley Glen, just behil'c -Wright home, the girls took what they claimed '='close-up photographs of winged fairies da[,G~ 10 amid the foliage. A certain Edward Gardner gC' hear about the photos and he proceededto see..:: a photographer who had the ability to examine"':-

supernatural beings

faked photographs

photography as art b. The following phrases appear in the three extracts. Try to guess in which extract each

.phrase will appear. Then read the extracts

quickly to check your answers.

a virtual world

ethereal face ghostly spectres

photographsfully. So it was that Harold Sne ...

came to his notice.Gardnerwas informedthat, '\', '" 15 Snelling doesn't know about faked photographs sworth knowing.' Snelling's considered judgemer:.. his letter to Edward Gardner of 31 July 1920,~a.. 'These two negatives are entirely genuine, unfa:a: photographs of single exposure, open-air we'" 20 show movement in all the fairy figures, and there no trace whatsoeverof studio work involving carc : paper models, dark backgrounds, painted figu~ etc. In my opinion, they are both straight untoucra: pictures.'

c
...oS re

winged fairies

Readthe extracts again. For questions 1-6, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you think fits best according to the text.

: ::ze -:e :ee n "

~

A
William Mumler was a 19th century Boston engraverwho dabbled in the then recent technological advance called 5 photography. In 1861, less than forty years after the world's first photograph,; Mumler noticed a strange, ~
ethereal face next to his in a 10 self-portrait..he had taken. He

~ :~er
'~a...

ao '.~
'r

"er
">-e

:erp. ::;am E
.,.

'"

~n

discoveredthat an accidental

. double exposure caused the ~ .':j effect,and he figured out how to duplicate it. Mumler began a new career as a spirit 15 medium. Sitters were willing to pay exorbitant fees to have him take their picture,which Mumlerwould doctor with surroundingghostly images.The added faceswere often interpretedas deceasedloved onesor celebrities.

.or1c

'

.....L
Dub

oosit prod e.,'el)

According to the writer, William Mumler A B

(

set out to create a fake image. accidentally discoveredthe meansof faking images.

Mumler's trickery inspired a long line of successors. 20 Photographers used similar techniques through the early 20th century to great fanfare. However, things began to crumble when word got out that many of the ghostly spectres in his photos were recognisablyliving Bostontownsfolk.This led him to movehis operationsto 25 New York, but he was brought to trial in 1869 and chargedwith fraud.

copiedawell-knowntechnique for fakingimages. D photographed the spiritsof the dead. ~

2 Mumler's fraud was discovered when A B ( D the photo phantoms turned out to be real people. the people of Boston recognisedthe photos as fake. his photographic equipment was damaged. he moved to New York.

200

T
3 EdwardGardnerwastold that A B e o Harold Snelling didn'tknowa greatdealaboutfakedphotos. HaroldSnelling knewa greatdealaboutfairies. HaroldSnelling's judgementwasnot worth having. HaroldSnelling wasan experton fakedphotos.

Vocabulary Practice

a. Match the highlighted words

and phrases in the extracts with their synonyms below. 1 2 3 4 5 recreate in the same way greenery whichiscertainto besuccessful experimented with who doesn'tknowor realise

4 In the writer's opinion A the fairiesin the photographs werefake. B the photographs werecreated in a studio. e Elsie andFrances weretoo innocent to inventsucha hoax. o the fairiesin the photographs werereal.

c Seeingis NotAlwaysBelieving
-,5regular viewers of the weird and wonderful on TV, we are -jzens of a virtual world in which nothing surprises us, very -;Je shocks us and what we see is not always what we :e,'jeve.The line between the real and the fake has become so '1 that a little airbrush, a quick run through photoshop or ~'T1e subtle CGI is enough to blur that line beyond ecognition. We easily accept the impossible, and to the ::1ent that it is for our entertainment and with our full

something 6 real 7 to makesomething continuefor a longtime

b. Find at least three words in the

extracts which have to do with 'cheating'. Checkwith your partner.

"=-

Discussion

."',()wledge, the situation is perhaps acceptable. What is _')8cceptableis when the illusion of reality is presented to an 10 _~itting public without its understanding or consent. This is -'en illusion becomes deception. "e practice of altering photographs to revise history and :erpetuate a lie has been around since the invention of the :a.mera and the developments that have taken place have 15 :'11y increased the possibilities of misuse. The advertising orld creates impossibly perfect worlds to sell its products, :..It probably the most dangerous abuse is altering the :..Jblic's perception of the truth in the quest for power or :x>sition.The most advanced technology, however, has yet to 20 Y"oducea fool-proof method of determining the authenticity of

Do you think that every photograph of 'ghosts' or 'fairies' is faked? Is it possible that some of them might be real? How can they be explained?

Where can we see examples of computer-generated images?What is your opinion of them? How do they affect the way we seeourselves and the world around us? Discussin pairs.

Classcompetition

:'Jery image.

5 What does the writer implyabout fake images? A It isusually easy to detectthem. B We do not carewhethertheyarerealor not. e It isnot always possible to identifythem. o We arebecoming less emotional. 6 What does the writer consider to be unethicalabout faking images? A The lack of research into separating fact from fiction. B The way it is used to deceive people for political ends. e The inability of consumers to buy products seen on TV. o Theattitudeof the publictowardsbeingmisinformed. ~

201

Use of English

202

"

:Iord formation
:ornplete the table with the correctform of the words.
~

i'!h.:~L.llJ'"@

art

1) .......................

2) .......................

sculpt

3) ....................... 5) ....................... 8) ....................... colour 12) ....................... 15) .......................

sculptor/4) .......................
6) ~........ 9) .......................

sculpted
7) .......................

photograph
paint 10) act 14)

11) 13) performer 1. ...........

/.......................

e :;f English- Part 3

~r questions1-10,usethe words in bold to form wordsthat fit in the numberedspaces in the text.

~~m~

P;c.a$$O
INFLUENCE INSPIRE INNOVATE PERCEIVE ART ENTIRE CONFUSE FAMILIAR SCULPT MOMENT

Matisseand Picassoaretwo of the twentiethcentury'smost0) influential artists,who gainedmutual1) from eachother'swork. Their work was 2) becausethey believedthat art was aboutmorethanjust imitatingwhatthe eye seesin the worldat any given moment.Their art uses forms of 3) that are more abstractand personal, such as memory,emotionand experience. They overtumed4) traditionsthat had held sway in the West for five hundredyears.Yet neitherMatissenor Picassoever abandoned subject matter 5) . No matter how distorted or 6) their work appearsto be, it never representsobjectswhichare7) to us. During their long and prolific careers, which encompassedpainting, 8) , drawing,printmaking, ceramics,glassand theatre design,they drew inspirationfrom artists of the past and from art of differentcultures.The Matisse-Picasso exhibition is a truly 9) ............................. oneandeveryone of the workson show is fascinating. But the pointof the exhibitionis not so muchthe individual masterpieces as the echoing

andmirroring thatshowthetwoartists' 10)..M other's art.

witheach
~.

ENGAGE

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Useof English- Part2

Use

6_

Forquestions 1-15, think of the word which best fits each gap. Useonly one word in each gap. -----

'

([)(o 11.00&

@)~ 1
toys were once 0)
obsession

~ 2)

Dolls and plenty of ) , childhood. Not any 1)

th~
can strike

sole requirement
3)

for a hap;:;
children are

,'pJ

. These days, style matters even in the playgrouf1d

means that an_image

~ barely out of nappies. Eavesdrop on a conversation at a primary school and it is jus 4) likely to revolve around the latest fashions as favourite cartoon characters. Bt., 5) is the darker side to this preoccupation with appearance that is causing concern among some experts. Research carried 6) over the past two years has highlighted ;:. dangerous body-image trend in children as young as three and four. 7) dissatisfied are some wit:how they look that they are prepared to diet and restrict 8) food intake in 9) ta change their appearance. A degree of weight awareness is evident 10) ~.the age of two upwards, aN: 11) the time they start school, many children have developed definite insecurities about how the" 12) perceived. Significantly, the children who are most concerned 13) weight are almost consistently those 14) parents are most controlling about 15) is eaten ahome.

--

. --

--

--

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. -----

.,

Useof English- Part 7

For questions 1-12, decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap.

.,ders-to-be
In a competition for 0) ..A... models,four thousandgirls betweenthe agesof 16and 24were auditioned by a 1) of three judges from top model agency Premier Model Management. Twenty-two were asked to return for amore 2) vetting process. This involvedcatwalktraining, being3) without makeup and a personal interview. A further workshopweek followed, involving make-overs,hair-styling and more catwalktraining, after which the girls were finally whittled down to five. The finalists will now 4) three months of intensive training. Cameraswill 5) them around constantly, capturing the daily 6) of castings, shoots and lessons from industry professionals. Also in 7) for them are exhausting workouts at the gym, plus appointments with hairdressers, nutritionists, beauticians and specialist skin clinics. Despite its 8) image, the modelling world is 9) and the finalists will certainly be 10) through their paces. But though their lives may be all keep fit and carrot juice, the prize at the end is glittering - a year's modelling 11) with Premier Model Management, an overseas photo shoot for the 12) of Cosmopolitan magazine, and the chance to model on the catwalk at London Fashion Week. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A A A A A A aspiring council solid assessed overcome B B B B B B B B B B B B B ..., hopeful panel exact charged outlast take attempt store gorgeous stiff shown contract jacket C C C C C C C C C C C C C wishful meeting rigorous investigated undergo hunt duty view
glamorous

pursue A grind A stock A shining A firm

D D D D D D D D D D D D D

expectant range stable noted uphold follow labour supply

picturesque

10 A put 11 A promotion 12 A lid ,....---

tough pushed treaty cover

sticky thrown settlement sleeve

1 204