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Logical Reasoning: Caselet 1

The document describes three caselets involving logical reasoning puzzles: 1) It defines the concept of an Erdos number for mathematicians based on co-authorship. It then provides information about a conference of 8 mathematicians and asks questions about their Erdos numbers during the conference. 2) It lists 10 members of a department and conditions for forming teams from the members, then asks questions about possible team compositions. 3) It describes the results of two stages of a sports event between 6 teams and asks questions about the performances and results of the different teams.

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150 views

Logical Reasoning: Caselet 1

The document describes three caselets involving logical reasoning puzzles: 1) It defines the concept of an Erdos number for mathematicians based on co-authorship. It then provides information about a conference of 8 mathematicians and asks questions about their Erdos numbers during the conference. 2) It lists 10 members of a department and conditions for forming teams from the members, then asks questions about possible team compositions. 3) It describes the results of two stages of a sports event between 6 teams and asks questions about the performances and results of the different teams.

Uploaded by

samdhathri
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Logical Reasoning

Caselet 1
Mathematicians are assigned a number called Erdos number,(named after the famous mathematician, Paul Erdos). Only Paul Erdos himself has an Erdos number of zero. Any mathematician who has written a research paper with Erdos has an Erdos number of 1. For other mathematician, the calculation of his/her Erdos number is illustrated below: suppose that a mathematician X has co-authored papers with several other mathematicians. From among them, mathematician has the smallest Erdos number. let the Erdos number of Y be y. then X has an Erdos number of y+1. Hence any mathematician with no co-authorship chain connected to Erdos has an Erdos number of infinity. In a 7 day long mini-conference organized in memory of Paul Erdos, a close group of 8 mathematicians, call them A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H discussed some research problems. At the beginning of the conference, A was the only participant who had an infinite Erdos number. Nobody had an Erdos number less than that of F. On the 3rd day of the conference F co-authored a paper jointly with A and C. this reduced the average Erdos number of the group of 8 mathematicians to 3. The Erdos number of B, D, E, G and H is remained unchanged with the writing of this paper. Further, no other co-authorship among any 3 members would have reduced the average Erdos number of the group of 8 to as low as 3. At the end of the 3rd day, 5 members of this group had identical Erdos number while the other 3 had Erdos numbers distinct from each other. On the 5th day, E co-authored a paper with F which reduced the group's average Erdos number by 0.5. The Erdos number of the remaining 6 were unchanged with the writing of this paper. No other paper was written during the conference. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. The person having the largest Erdos number at the end of the conference must have had Erdos number (at that time). a) 5 b) 7 c) 9 d) 14 e) 15 How many participants in the conference did not change their Erdos number during the conference? a) 2 b) 3 c) 4 d) 5 e) cannot be determined The Erdos number of C at the end of the conference was: a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4 e) 5 The Erdos number of E at the beginning of the conference was: a) 2 b) 5 c) 6 d) 7 e) 8 How many participants had the same Erdos number at the beginning of the conference? a) 2 b) 3 c) 4 d) 5 e) cannot be determined

Caselet 2
K, L, M, N, P, Q, R, S, U and W are the only 10 members in a department. There is a proposal to form a team from within the members of the department, subject to the following conditions: A team must include exactly one among P, R and S. A team must include either M or Q but not both. If a team includes K, then it must also include and vice versa. If a team includes one among S, U and W, then it must also include the other two. L and N cannot be members of the same team. L and U cannot be members of the same team. The size of a team is defined as the number of members in the team. 6. What would be the size of a team that includes K? a) 2 or 3 b) 2 or 4 c) 3 or 4 d) only 2 e) only 4 7. In how many ways a team can be constituted so that the team includes N? a) 2 b) 3 c) 4 d) 5 e) 6 8. What would be the size of the largest possible team? a) 8 b) 7 c) 6 d) 5 e) cannot be determined 9. Who can be a member of a team of size 5? a) K b) L c) M d) P e) R 10. Who cannot be a member of a team of size 3? a) L b) M c) N d) P e) Q

Caselet 3
In a sports event, 6 teams(A, B,C,D,E and F) are competing against each other. Matches are scheduled in two stages. Each team plays 3 matches in Stage-I and 2 matches in Stage-II. no team plays against the same team more than once in the event. No ties are permitted in any of the matches. The observations after the completion to Stage-I and stage-II are as given below. Stage-I: One team won all the 3 matches. Two teams lost all the matches. D lost to A but won against C and F. E lost to B but won against C and F. B lost at least one match. F did not play against the top team of Stage-I. Stage-II The leader of Stage-I lost the next two matches. Of the two team at the bottom after Stage-I, one team won both matches, while the other lost both matches. One more team lost both matches in Stage-II. 11. The team(s) with the most wins in the event is (are): a) A b) A & C c) F d) E e) B & E 12. The two teams that defeated the leader of Stage-I are: a) F & D b) E & F c) B & D d) E & D e) F & D 13. The only team(s) that won both the matches in Stage-II is (are): a) B b) E & F c) A, E & F d) B, E & F e) B&F 14. The team that won exactly two matches in the event are: a) A, D & F b) D & E c) E & F d) D, E & F e) D & F

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