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Module-80A: Sub: Environmental Engineering Topic: Waste Water Engineering

This document discusses secondary treatment of wastewater, which biologically converts organic matter into stable forms using two main types of processes: filters and activated sludge. Filters include contact beds, intermittent sand filters, and trickling filters, which use filter media to allow microorganisms to degrade organic matter. Activated sludge mixes wastewater with microorganisms in an aeration tank to oxidize organic matter over 4-8 hours, then settles the sludge in a secondary settling tank while returning a portion of the activated sludge to the aeration tank. Key parameters for activated sludge include hydraulic retention time, volumetric loading, sludge age, sludge circulation rate, and sludge volume index.

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51 views3 pages

Module-80A: Sub: Environmental Engineering Topic: Waste Water Engineering

This document discusses secondary treatment of wastewater, which biologically converts organic matter into stable forms using two main types of processes: filters and activated sludge. Filters include contact beds, intermittent sand filters, and trickling filters, which use filter media to allow microorganisms to degrade organic matter. Activated sludge mixes wastewater with microorganisms in an aeration tank to oxidize organic matter over 4-8 hours, then settles the sludge in a secondary settling tank while returning a portion of the activated sludge to the aeration tank. Key parameters for activated sludge include hydraulic retention time, volumetric loading, sludge age, sludge circulation rate, and sludge volume index.

Uploaded by

jhacademyhyd
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Sub: Environmental Engineering

Topic : Waste water Engineering

MODULE- 80A
Secondary Treatment of waste water

The secondary treatment is also called biological treatment is carried out by changing the character of the organic matter and converting it into stable forms. There are two types of treatments are present 1. Filters 2. Activated sludge process 1. Filters: a) contact beds: used at very small paints b) Intermittent sand filters: used at small plants c) Trickling filters. Trickling filters: - These are also called as percolating filters or sprinkling filters, consist of tanks of coarser filtering media over which the sewage is allowed to sprinkle or trickle down by means of spray nozzles or rotary distributions. The percolating sewage is collected at the bottom of the tank through a well designed under-drainage system. Micro organisms and bacteria which are present in sewage, get attached to the filter media. The organic matter is degraded by the aerobic bacteria. Efficiency of trickling filter n% = Where u =organic loading kg/ha-m/day High rate trickling filters: - re-circulation of sewage is an essential and important feature of high rate trickling filters Re-circulation factor F=

where

R/I

is

ratio

of

the

volume

of sewage recirculated R to the volume of raw sewage I. Recirculation ratio Efficiency n%=

Where Y=Total organic loading in kg/day V=Filter volue.

JH ACADEMY

Page 1

Sub: Environmental Engineering


u. organic loading.

Topic : Waste water Engineering

Final efficiency of two stage filter:

where =

= =

Toatl BOD in effluent from first stage in kg/day Volume of second stage filter in ha-m

= Recirculation factor for second stage Activated sludge process: The sewage effluent from primary sedimentation tank is mixed with 20 30% of own volume of activated sludge which contains a large concentration of highly active aerobic micro organisms. The mixer enters aeration tank where the micro organisms coated around sludge solids and the sewage are intimately mixed together with a large quantity of air for about 4-8 hours. Under these conditions the moving organisms will oxidize the organic matter and suspended, colloidal matter tend to coagulate and form a precipitate which settles down readily in the secondary settling tank. The settled sludge containing micro organisms called activated sludge is continuously being produced by this process and a portion of it being utilized and sent back to the aeration tank whereas the excess portion is disposed off properly along with the sludge collected during primary treatment after digestion. The volume of returned activated sludge depends upon the extend of BOD desired to be removed. It is expressed as percentage of flow of sewage as . Where is the returned sludge rate in and Q is the sewage inflow rate in

Aeration period (Hydraulic Retention time) HRT: HRT = = BOD loading per unit volume of Aeration tank (volumetric loading): Volumetric BOD loading = organic loading = Food (F) to micro-organism (M) ratio ( ) = = = = .

Sludge age: The average time for which particles of suspended solids remain under aeration is called sludge age. This time is also called solids detention time or mean cell residence time (MCRT). Sludge Age = =

JH ACADEMY

Page 2

Sub: Environmental Engineering

Topic : Waste water Engineering

Sludge volume index (SV1) :Volume occupied in ml by one gm of solids in the mixed liquor after settling for 30 min. SVI = = Sludge circulation Rate = Sludge circulation ratio = . = =

, =

SV1=

*1000 where = MLSS in mg/l = MLSS in returned sludge mg/l.

JH ACADEMY

Page 3

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