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Lecture # 5: Chemical Equations

1. Chemical equations represent chemical reactions and consist of reactants on the left side of the arrow and products on the right side. 2. Symbols are used to represent the states of matter and reaction conditions in chemical equations. 3. There are several types of chemical reactions including combination, decomposition, single replacement, and double replacement reactions.

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46 views

Lecture # 5: Chemical Equations

1. Chemical equations represent chemical reactions and consist of reactants on the left side of the arrow and products on the right side. 2. Symbols are used to represent the states of matter and reaction conditions in chemical equations. 3. There are several types of chemical reactions including combination, decomposition, single replacement, and double replacement reactions.

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danena88
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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General Chemistry Lecture # 5: Chemical Equations Prepared by: Engr.

Norman Giovanni Molina Guevarra

Chemical Equations - are representations of chemical reactions. They consist of the reactants (reacting substances: found on the left side of the arrow) and the products (substance formed: found on the right side of the arrow). - Example: 2 H2 + 2 ! 2 H2 . This is stated as 2 moles or molecules of hydrogen react with " mole or molecule of oxygen to form 2 moles or molecules of water. #eactants: H 2 and 2 $roduct: H2 - %ymbols used in writing e&uations: ! means to form or produce + means that there are two or more reactants (one substance reacts with another) and products (two or more substance form) ' precipitate formed (ppt.) ( gas e)ol)ed heat is added catalyst is added gas phase li&uid phase solid phase in a&ueous solution (in water solution) re)ersible reaction Writing and Balancing Chemical Equations: ". *rite the correct formulas of the reactants and products. 2. %tarting with elements other than H and + balance the e&uation by putting numbers before the formulas (coefficients). ,e)er change the subscripts while balancing an e&uation. -. .ea)e any elements in the free state until last+ since changing their coefficients only changes that one /ind of atom. 0. 1alance the polyatomic ions as a group. 2. 3ll coefficients must be in the lowest possible ratio. 4. 5hec/ that the number of atoms in the reactants is e&ual to the number of atoms in the product. Example+ formulate and balance the following e&uations: ". 3luminum + xygen ! 3luminum xide 2. 5alcium 5hloride + 6ron (666) %ulfate ! 5alcium %ulfate + 6ron (666) 5hloride -. %ulfur trioxide + water ! sulphuric acid 0. Hydrochloric acid + $otassium carbonate ! potassium chloride + carbonic acid 2. 1arium chloride + $otassium sulphate ! barium sulphate + potassium chloride Types of chemical reactions: 3. 5ombination reaction 7 a reaction in which 2 or more substance combine to form " product. ". 8etal + ,on9metal ! 1inary 5ompound (such as oxide+ sulphide or halide)

3l + 2 ! 3l2 8g + % ! 8g% ,a + 5l2 ! ,a5l 2. ,on9metal + xygen ! ,8 oxide 5+ 2 ! 5 2 H2 + 2 ! H2 %+ 2 ! % 2 %+ 2 ! % -. 8etal xide + water ! base 5a + H2 ! 5a( H)2 :e2 - + H2 ! :e( H)0. ,on9metal oxide + water ! oxyacid 5 2 + H2 ! H25 % - + H2 ! H2% 0 2. 8etal oxide + non9metal oxide ! salt 5a + % - ! 5a% 0 ,a2 + 5 2 ! ,a5 1. ;ecomposition reaction 7 a reaction where " reactants form 2 or more products. 3 compound may be decomposed by adding heat or electricity.
1. Hydrates

anhydrous salt + water

(%alt that contains " or more molecules of water as part of its crystal structures) 1a5l2<2H2 8g%
0

1a5l2 + H2 8g%
0

<=H2

+ H2

2. 5hlorates

chlorides + oxygen gas >5l +


2

>5l

3. :ew metal oxide

8etal + oxygen gas


2

Hg

Hg +

4. 8ost 5arbonates (except 63)

oxides + carbon dioxide

5a5

5a

+5

5. 8ost 1icarbonates (except 63)

oxides + water + carbon dioxide


2

8g(H5

- 2

8g

+ H2

+5

6. 8etal(63) 1icarbonates

carbonate + water + carbon dioxide +5


2

,aH5

,a25

+ H2

=. %ome compound may be decomposed by electrolysis: H2 ! H2 + 2 ,a5l ! ,a + 5l2

5. %ingle replacement or ;isplacement reactions 7 a reaction where " element replaces another element from a compound. The free element must be more reacti)e than the element being replaced+ or else there will be no reaction. ". ;isplacement in)ol)ing metals 7 depends on the metal acti)ity series+ which list the metals in order of decreasing reacti)ity: .i 3l $b > ?n (H) 1a :e 5u 5a 5d Hg ,a ,i 3g 8g %n 3u 3 metal higher in the series is more acti)e and will displace all the metals below it. :e + 5u% 0 ! 5u + :e% 0 5u + :e% 0 ! no reaction 3ny metal abo)e (H) will displace Hydrogen gas from an acid. 8g + H5l ! H2 + 8g5l2 3g + H5l ! no reaction 2. ;isplacement in)ol)ing non9metals The series is : : ! 5l ! 1r ! ! 6 ! % 5l2 + ,a1r ! ,a5l + 1r2 ,a5l + 1r2 ! no reaction ;. ;ouble #eplacement or ;ouble ;isplacement 3g, - + H5l ! 3g5l + H, ,a H + H5l ! ,a5l + H2 %eatwor/ 6. :ormulate and balance the following e&uations: ". 8ercuric oxide ! mercury + oxygen 2. 5upric oxide + @inc ! @inc sulphate + copper -. :erric chloride + ammonium hydroxide ! ammonium chloride + ferric hydroxide 0. %odium bromide + chlorine ! sodium chloride + bromine 2. ;iphosphorus pentoxide + water ! phosphoric acid 66. 5omplete and balance the following reactions. Then+ state the type of reaction per item.
1. 8g5
-

666.

2. 1r2 + ,a6 ! -. $b(, -)2 + H2% ! 0. ,a25 -<H2 ! 2. 3l + H2% 0 ! 4. 5a5l2 + (,H0)25 - ! =. ?n + ,i1r2 ! *rite the balanced chemical e&uation to represent the reaction between sodium metal (,a) and water to form sodium hydroxide (,a H) and hydrogen gas.

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