Data Structures and Algorithms

Jonathan McCarthy [email protected] Room: 3.16

Week 1 - Java Revision

1.1 Integrated Development Environment (IDE)

IDE

is a set of tools that aids application development.

Provides

an environment where tools needed for source code editing, compiling, testing, debugging are seamlessly integrated.

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1.1 Integrated Development Environment (IDE)

Most IDEs have tools that allow you to:

In adition, some IDEs do:

Write and edit source code See errors as you type See highlighted code syntax Compile code Browse class structures Use drag-and-drop utilities for easy building of features, such as graphic objects or creating database connections
Automatically create classes, methods, and properties Provide code-completion as you type Integrate with web application servers, such as Apache Tomcat

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1.2 Advantages of using IDE

When

developing applications it saves you time by managing windows, settings and data. Drag-and-drop features make creating GUI components or accessing databases easy Highlighted code and debugging features alert you to errors in your code moving from one phase of code development to the other is very simple. User need not be bothered about the tool interfaces Many people learn to program using a simple text editor, but most of them end up using an integrated development environment (IDE) for building applications !

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1.3 IDEs for Java platform

Sun

Microsystems supports three IDEs for the Java platform:

NetBeans (open-source)
Sun Java Studio Creator Sun Java Studio Enterprise. Eclipse (open-source) Visual Age for Java

IBM supports:

Borland

supports:

JBuilder

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1.3 NetBeans IDE: Main features

It

is open source (free for commercial and noncommercial use) and is supported by Sun Microsystems. source => continual improvement => slight differences between various versions enables developers to rapidly create
web, enterprise, desktop, and mobile applications using the Java platform, PHP, JavaScript and Ajax, Ruby and Ruby on Rails, Groovy, and C/C++.

open It

Provides Provides

the services common to desktop applications such as window and menu management, settings storage, etc. tools for:
Source Code Editor, GUI Builder, Database support

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1.3 NetBeans IDE: Getting Familiar

Download a stable version (Version 6.9 or 7 ) from the NetBeans web site : NetBeans IDE with JDK Bundle

Link: http://java.sun.com/javase/downloads/netbeans.html http://netbeans.org/downloads/index.html

Install the NetBeans kit Start the application => You will notice the welcome screen

In Windows: Start-> Programs -> NetBeans -> NetBeans IDE

Add the JDK javadoc (Java SE 6 or Java SE 7):

Choose Tools > Java Platform manager. Select Javadoc. In the Javadoc tab, click Add ZIP/Folder and specify the location of the Javadoc files.

In NetBeans, we work within the context of a project A project consists of:

an organized group of source files and associated metadata; project-specific properties files; all the tools you'll need to write, compile, test, and debug your application.

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1.4 NetBeans: Exercise - A new application

We

want to develop a simple application that prints the message Hello world!
Hello class that has only the main() method - prints the message

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Step 1: Create a project

Main

steps: 1. Create a new project:

from the main manu, File =>New Project, select Categories: General and Projects: Java Application Press button Next Set the Name and Location of the project

Project Name: hello

Project Location: c:\temp\cris\dsa

Set Create Main class Press

field: hello.HelloMessage

Finish button

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Step 1: Create a project

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Step 2: Edit your java files

The

skeleton of your java application was created

Projects Main 2.

windows -> Source Pakages: all pakages and java files developed under this project steps: Start to edit your source code
we already have HelloMessage class, but we need to write code in the main() method and other methods that we want to develop. System.out.println(Hello World);

Add the following code in the main()

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Step 2: Edit your java files

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Step 3: Compile your project

Main steps: 3. Compiling the Java File(s)

from the main menu, Run =>Build Main Project (F11) If successful, the message BUILD SUCCESSFUL appears in the Output Window If the build output concludes BUILD FAILED, you probably have a syntax error in your code. Errors are reported in the Output window as hyper-linked text. You double-click the hyper-link to navigate to the source of an error. After you fixed the error(s), once again choose Run - > Build Main Project.

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Step 4: Compile your project

Now Main

that you have built the project, you can run your program steps:

4. Running

the program
in the Output Windows

from the main menu, Run =>Run Main Project (F6),

The output of the program is displayed

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Step 5: Create and Edit more java files

Your

application may need to be extended with other Java classes or files steps: new Java classes to your project
5. Add/Write

Main

Create Person class

File=>New File=> Java Class as class types => press Next button Set Class Name: Person, then press Finish button

Edit the Person class:

Projects window and then click on Person.java

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Step 5: Create and Edit more java files

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Step 5: Create and Edit more java files

Skeleton of Person class was created and added to the project

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Step 5: Create and Edit more java files

Example:

Person class - design

Atributes:
public

String name; public int age;

Constructor:
Person

(String inName, int inAge)

Methods:
public String getName() public void setName(String inName)

public

int getAge() public void setAge(int inAge) public void printPerson()

NetBeans: Working with GUI

Jonathan McCarthy [email protected] Room: 3.16

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1.5 NetBeans GUI

It

went through a significant redesign focusing on:

radically simplifying Desktop Java layout design.
make it more powerful and intuitive, liberating users to build professional-looking GUIs

We

will learn how to:

Use the GUI Builder Interface Create a Java application with a GUI Add and resize graphical components (e.g Buttons, Labels) Edit graphical component properties Add functionality to the grapical component properties (e.g. button click)

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1.5 NetBeans GUI - Getting Started

Create

a Project called GUIApp

Choose File > New Project

Choose Java Application then click Next. Enter GUIApp in the Project Name field and specify the project location

Set the name of the main class as: guiapp.GuiTester

Create

a GUI Container

To proceed with building our interface, we need to create a Java container within which we will place the other required GUI components (e.g. Buttons, Labels)

We create a container using the JFrame component

1.5 NetBeans GUIGetting Started

To

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create a JFrame container

NetBeans menu options select File -> New File
In the dialog windows select Swing GUI Forms and then JFrame Form (in the right side window) Then, press Next

A new windows is displayed.

Enter Enter

PersonsGUI as the Class Name guiapp as Package Name

Then press Finish

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1.5 NetBeans GUI - Getting Started

To

create a JFrame container (cont)

Set

the name of the class that implements the JFrame form

PersonsGUI as the Class Name

A new windows is displayed.

Enter

Enter guiapp as

Package Name

Then press Finish

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1.5 NetBeans GUI - Getting Started

The

NetBeans IDE creates

the PersonsGUI form

the PersonsGUI class within the PersonsGUI.java application and opens the ContactEditorUI form in the GUI Builder

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1.5 NetBeans GUI - GUI Builder Interface

Palette

Project
Design Area Properties

Inspector

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1.5 NetBeans GUI - GUI Builder Interface

Design Area

The GUI Builder's primary window for creating and editing Java GUI forms. The toolbar's Source and Design toggle buttons enable you to view a class's source code or a graphical view of GUI Form. Provides a representation of all the components, both visual and non-visual, in your application as a tree hierarchy. A customizable list of available components part of JFC/Swing, AWT and JavaBeans components, as well as layout managers Displays the properties of the component currently selected in the GUI Builder, Inspector window, Projects window, or Files window.

Inspector

Palette

Properties Window

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1.6 Exercise Developing a GUI for GUIApp

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1.6 GUI - Adding components

Often helpful to sketch out the way you want your interface to look before beginning to lay it out. Adding JPanel

we've already added a JFrame as our form's top-level container, next step is to add a couple of JPanels which will enable us to cluster the components of our GUI using titled borders . In the Palette window, select the Panel component from the Swing Containers category Move the cursor to the upper left corner of the Design Area Resize the JPanel:

Select the JPanel you just added Click and hold the resize handle on the right edge of the JPanel and drag

Properties Window.

Add 2 JPanels in the Design area of your project Add title borders to the JPanels

Select the top JPanel element added, then in the Properties window, click next to Border property Select TitleBorder and then, fill in the Title as: Persons Details

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1.6 GUI - Adding components

Adding

Individual Components to the Form that will present information related to a person
Name => we need a JLabel and JTextField

Add

a JLabel to the form

In the Palette window, select the JLabel component from the Swing Controls category Move the cursor over the Persons Details JPanel we added earlier and click to place the label Edit the display text of the JLabel: Double-click the added JLabel and type in Name.

Add

a JTextField to the form

In the Palette window, select the JTextField component from the Swing category Move the cursor immediately to the right of the Name JLabel and click

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1.6 GUI - Adding components

Adding

Buttons to the form

In the Palette window, select the JButton component Move the JButton in the lower JPanel (Display Info), right corner Double-click on the JButton and enter the text for its name.

Add

1 button to the Persons Details JPanel, named Add

Properties Windows -> Text to set the name on the button

Add 2 buttons to the Display Info Panel named: List and Exit Add a JTextArea to the form

In the Palette window, select the JTextArea component from the Swing category
Move the cursor to the left top corner of the Display Info Panel Resize the JTextArea

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1.6 GUI - Previewing your GUI

Now

that you have successfully built the GUI, you can try your interface to see the results
clicking the Preview Form button in the GUI Builder's toolbar.

The

form opens in its own window, allowing you to test it prior to building and running.

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1.6 GUI - Add Functionality to the Buttons

We are going to give functionality to the Add, List and Exit buttons To give a function to a button, we have to assign an event handler

use ActionListener responding to ActionEvent

Right Click on the Exit button. From the pop-up menu choose Events --> Action --> ActionPerformed. IDE will automatically add an ActionListener to the Exit button and generate a handler method for handling the listener's actionPerformed method The IDE will open up the Source Code window and scroll to where you implement the action you want the button to do when the button is pressed

Adding Functionality to Exit button

We are now going to add code for what we want the Exit Button to do
System.exit(0);

private void jButton3ActionPerformed(java.awt.event.ActionEvent evt) { }

Note that the Events --> Action --> menu contains more events you can respond to!

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1.6 GUI - Add Functionality to the Buttons

Adding

Functionality to Add button

Right Click on the Add button. From the pop-up menu choose Events --> Action --> ActionPerformed. IDE automatically adds an ActionListener to the Add button and opens up the Source Code window We are going to take user input from jTextField1 variable and display the string in jTextArea1 variable assigned to the GUI component. Code for jButton1ActionPerformed() method
String name; name = jTextField1.getText(); jTextArea1.append("Person name is:"+ name+\n);

private void jButton1ActionPerformed(java.awt.event.ActionEvent evt) {

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1.6 GUI - Add Functionality to the Buttons

Adding

Functionality to List button

We will do this later on in during a different class.

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1.6 GUI - Add Functionality to the Buttons

Last modifications to be able to run the application

Add the following code in the guiTester.java, main() method

public static void main(String[] args) { // TODO code application logic here PersonsGUI guipersonapp = new PersonsGUI(); guipersonapp.setVisible(true);

Compile the application (Build) and run the application

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Learning Outcome

What is IDE? Some examples of IDE for Java platform NetBeans IDE Main characteristics How to create, develop, compile, debug and run a simple java application developed in NetBeans How to develop GUI for a NetBeans project