1999-2011

BOOK OF REFERENCE EXAMPLES

EFFIVALIDATION 3

EffiChem
your validation software

Lesn 593, 679 71 Lysice, Czech Republic

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2/56

EffiChem may have patents and/or pending patent applications covering subject matter in this document. The furnishing of
this document does not convey any license to these patents.
Copyright 2008 EffiChem. All rights reserved. All EffiValidation products are trademarks or registered trademarks of
EffiChem. Other brand and product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders.

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Content:
FOREWORD ......................................................................................................................................................... 5
OUTLIERS AND NORMALITY TESTS ........................................................................................................... 6
1.1 COCHRAN TEST .............................................................................................................................................. 6
1.2 GRUBBS SINGLE TEST .................................................................................................................................... 6
1.3 GRUBBS PAIR TEST ........................................................................................................................................ 7
1.4 DIXON TEST ................................................................................................................................................... 7
1.5 NORMALITY TEST .......................................................................................................................................... 8
VALIDATION ....................................................................................................................................................... 9
2.1 REPEATABILITY.............................................................................................................................................. 9
2.1.1 Level by Level from Multiple Measurements .......................................................................................... 9
2.1.2 From Parallel Measurements ............................................................................................................... 10
2.2 INTERMEDIATE PRECISION ........................................................................................................................... 11
2.3 REPRODUCIBILITY ........................................................................................................................................ 11
2.3.1 Data Available ..................................................................................................................................... 11
2.3.2 Results Available .................................................................................................................................. 12
2.4 ROBUSTNESS ................................................................................................................................................ 12
2.5 ACCURACY................................................................................................................................................... 13
2.5.1 Limited Concentration Range Sample Reconstitution Possible ........................................................ 13
2.5.2 Limited Concentration Range Reference Material Available ........................................................... 14
2.5.3 Large Concentration Range Blank Material Available: T-test ......................................................... 15
2.5.4 Large Concentration Range Blank Material Available: Regression ................................................. 16
2.5.5 Large Concentration Range Blank Material Not Available: T-test ................................................... 16
2.5.6 Large Concentration Range Blank Material Available: Regression ................................................. 17
2.5.7 Comparison of 2 Methods / Laboratories: T-test Level by Level ......................................................... 18
2.5.8 Comparison of 2 Methods / Laboratories: T-test on Difference of Results .......................................... 19
2.6 SELECTIVITY ................................................................................................................................................ 20
2.6.1 Comparison of Calibration Lines ......................................................................................................... 20
2.6.2 Comparison of Results with a Standard ............................................................................................... 20
2.6.3 Comparison of Results with Measurements Without the Interference .................................................. 21
2.7 SENSITIVITY ................................................................................................................................................. 22
2.7.1 From Calibration Line ......................................................................................................................... 22
2.7.2 Minimal Difference in the Validated Property ..................................................................................... 23
2.8 LINEARITY ................................................................................................................................................... 24
2.8.1 Correlation and QC coefficient ............................................................................................................ 24
2.8.2 ANOVA for Lack of Fit ......................................................................................................................... 25
2.8.3 Significance of the Quadratic Term F-test ........................................................................................ 26
2.8.4 Sign test ................................................................................................................................................ 27
2.9 RANGE ......................................................................................................................................................... 28
2.10 LIMIT OF DETECTION AND LIMIT OF QUANTIFICATION .............................................................................. 28
2.10.1 3s - IUPAC ....................................................................................................................................... 28
2.10.2 3s Every Sample Corrected for Blank ........................................................................................... 29
2.10.3 3s Continuously Measured Blank .................................................................................................. 29
2.10.4 From Calibration Line ...................................................................................................................... 30
2.10.5 From Signal of Blank in Chromatography ........................................................................................ 31
2.11 BLANK ....................................................................................................................................................... 31
2.12 REPEATABILITY OF INJECTION FDA ....................................................................................................... 32
2.13 CAPACITY FACTOR - FDA ......................................................................................................................... 33
2.14 RESOLUTION - FDA ................................................................................................................................... 34
2.15 TAILING - FDA .......................................................................................................................................... 34
2.16 THEORETICAL PLATE NUMBER FDA ...................................................................................................... 35
INTERLABORATORY COMPARISON ......................................................................................................... 36
3.1 MANDEL STATISTICS H ................................................................................................................................ 36
3.2 MANDEL STATISTICS K ................................................................................................................................ 37
3.3 COLLABORATIVE STUDY .............................................................................................................................. 38
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CONTROL CHARTS ......................................................................................................................................... 39

4.1 INDIVIDUAL MEASUREMENTS CHARACTERISTICS DETERMINED ............................................................... 39
4.2 INDIVIDUAL MEASUREMENTS CHARACTERISTICS NOT DETERMINED ....................................................... 41
4.3 REPEATED MEASUREMENTS CHARACTERISTICS NOT DETERMINED ........................................................... 43
4.4 REPEATED MEASUREMENTS CHARACTERISTICS NOT DETERMINED.......................................................... 45
CALIBRATION .................................................................................................................................................. 48
5.1 LINEAR CALIBRATION .................................................................................................................................. 48
5.2 QUADRATIC CALIBRATION ........................................................................................................................... 49
UNCERTAINTIES ............................................................................................................................................. 51
6.1 FROM PRECISION DATA MULTIPLE MEASUREMENTS ................................................................................ 51
6.2 FROM PRECISION DATA PARALLEL MEASUREMENTS ................................................................................ 52
6.3 FROM CONTROL CHART INDIVIDUAL MEASUREMENTS ............................................................................ 53
6.4 FROM CONTROL CHART REPEATED MEASUREMENTS ............................................................................... 54
6.5 EXPERT ESTIMATE ...................................................................................................................................... 55
6.6 FROM PARTIAL UNCERTAINTIES ................................................................................................................. 55

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FOREWORD
Book of Reference Examples EffiValidation 3.0 presents all main algorithms of the software. The book aims to
prove correct functionality of the software as a part of the software validation life cycle process.
For every important computational method implemented in the software, a reference example is presented,
summarizing the data, results, graphical results and the original data source.
The considered original data sources are international standards and other recognized sources, that can be treated
as reference sources.
Examples presented in this Book originate from the following literature:
- ISO 8466:1 and 2.
- ISO 8258:1991
- ISO 5725-2, 1997
- EURACHEM/CITAC Guide, Quantifying Uncertainty in Analytical Measurement, Second Edition, June 1999
- D.L. Massart et al., Handbook of Chemometrics and Qualimetrics, Part A, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1997
- 19-th edition, Remington: Practice of The Science and Pharmacy, Mack Publishing Company, Easton, 1995

EffiChem
http://www.effichem.com

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CHAPTER

1
OUTLIERS AND NORMALITY TESTS
1.1 COCHRAN TEST
Data source: D.L. Massart et al., Handbook of Chemometrics and Qualimetrics, Part A, Elsevier, Amsterdam,
1997, page 123, tab. 6.1.
Level
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

Measrt 1
5,59
5,67
5,75
4,74
5,52
5,52
5,43

Measrt 2
5,59
5,67
5,47
4,45
5,47
5,62
5,52

Measrt 3
5,37
5,55
5,43
4,65
5,66
5,47
5,43

Measrt 4
5,54
5,57
5,45
4,94
5,52
5,18
5,43

Measrt 5
5,37
5,43
5,24
4,95
5,62
5,43
5,52

Measrt 6
5,42
5,57
5,47
5,06
5,76
5,33
5,52

Window Results in EffiValidation 3.0:

1.2 GRUBBS SINGLE TEST

Data source: D.L. Massart et al., Handbook of Chemometrics and Qualimetrics, Part A, Elsevier, Amsterdam,
1997, page 112, chapter 5.5.2.
Measrt 1
22,1

5/2/2011

Measrt 2
22,4

Measrt 3
22,9

Measrt 4
23

Measrt 5
23,5

Measrt 6
23,7

Book of Reference Examples EffiValidation 3.0

Measrt 7
23,9

Measrt 8
26,5

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Window Results in EffiValidation 3.0:

1.3 GRUBBS PAIR TEST

Data source: D.L. Massart et al., Handbook of Chemometrics and Qualimetrics, Part A, Elsevier, Amsterdam,
1997, page 446, chapter 14.2.4.
Measrt 1
22,1

Measrt 2
22,4

Measrt 3
22,9

Measrt 4
23

Measrt 5
23,5

Measrt 6
23,7

Measrt 7
26,0

Measrt 8
26,5

Window Results in EffiValidation 3.0:

1.4 DIXON TEST

Data source: D.L. Massart et al., Handbook of Chemometrics and Qualimetrics, Part A, Elsevier, Amsterdam,
1997, page 110, chapter 5.5.1.
Measrt 1
22,1

Measrt 2
22,4

Measrt 3
22,9

Measrt 4
23

Measrt 5
23,5

Measrt 6
23,7

Measrt 7
23,9

Measrt 8
26,5

Window Results in EffiValidation 3.0:

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1.5 NORMALITY TEST

Data source: D.L. Massart et al., Handbook of Chemometrics and Qualimetrics, Part A, Elsevier, Amsterdam,
1997, page 118, Table 5.8.
Measrt
1
2,104

Measrt
2
2,222

Measrt
3
2,247

Measrt
4
2,286

Measrt
5
2,327

Measrt
6
2,367

Measrt
7
2,388

Measrt
8
2,512

Measrt
9
2,707

Measrt
10
2,751

Measrt
11
3,158

Measrt
12
3,172

Window Results in EffiValidation 3.0:

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CHAPTER

2
VALIDATION
2.1 REPEATABILITY
2.1.1 LEVEL BY LEVEL FROM MULTIPLE MEASUREMENTS
Data source: 19-th edition, Remington: Practice of The Science and Pharmacy, Mack Publishing Company,
Easton, 1995, page 126, Table 43:

Table 43, formulation A

Table 43, formulation B

Measrt 1
1,431
1,813

Measrt 2
1,74
1,778

Measrt 3
1,519
1,991

Measrt 4
1,839
1,672

Measrt 5
1,556
1,756

Measrt 6
1,591
1,633

Window Results in EffiValidation 3.0:

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2.1.2 FROM PARALLEL MEASUREMENTS

Data source: D.L. Massart et al., Handbook of Chemometrics and Qualimetrics, Part A, Elsevier, Amsterdam,
1997, page 30, Table 2.4:
Experiment
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20

Measrt 1
42,68
42,08
43,39
42,87
42,7
42,93
42,78
42,92
43,34
43,12
42,43
43,05
42,99
43,04
43,41
43,12
42,25
42,96
42,83
42,83

Measrt 2
42,77
42,38
43,33
42,98
42,95
42,95
42,97
43,2
42,89
43,26
42,54
43,15
42,86
42,78
43,14
43,23
42,53
42,78
42,72
43,04

Window Results in EffiValidation 3.0:

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2.2 INTERMEDIATE PRECISION

Data source: 19-th edition, Remington: Practice of The Science and Pharmacy, Mack Publishing Company,
Easton, 1995, page 126, Table 43:

Table 43, formulace A

Table 43, formulace B

Measrt 1
1,431
1,813

Measrt 2
1,74
1,778

Measrt 3
1,519
1,991

Measrt 4
1,839
1,672

Measrt 5
1,556
1,756

Measrt 6
1,591
1,633

Window Results in EffiValidation 3.0:

2.3 REPRODUCIBILITY
2.3.1 DATA AVAILABLE
Data source: 19-th edition, Remington: Practice of The Science and Pharmacy, Mack Publishing Company,
Easton, 1995, page 126, Table 43:

Table 43, formulace A

Table 43, formulace B

5/2/2011

Measrt 1
1,431
1,813

Measrt 2
1,74
1,778

Measrt 3
1,519
1,991

Measrt 4
1,839
1,672

Book of Reference Examples EffiValidation 3.0

Measrt 5
1,556
1,756

Measrt 6
1,591
1,633

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Window Results in EffiValidation 3.0:

2.3.2 RESULTS AVAILABLE

Data are not evaluated, but only archived in the database of EffiValidation 3.0.

2.4 ROBUSTNESS
Data source: not found. Data obtained by experimental measurements in a laboratory.
Number of factors: 5
Result
Factor 1
25,01
24,92
20,33
20,64
24,58
20,83
24,53
20,34

5/2/2011

Factor 2
1
-1
-1
1
-1
1
1
-1

Factor 3
1
1
-1
-1
1
-1
1
-1

Factor 4
1
1
1
-1
-1
1
-1
-1

Factor 5
-1
1
1
1
-1
-1
1
-1

Book of Reference Examples EffiValidation 3.0

1
-1
1
1
1
-1
-1
-1

Dummy 1 Dummy 2
-1
-1
1
-1
-1
1
1
-1
1
1
1
1
-1
1
-1
-1

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Dummy factors considered in the calculation:

Window Results in EffiValidation 3.0:

2.5 ACCURACY
2.5.1 LIMITED CONCENTRATION RANGE SAMPLE RECONSTITUTION POSSIBLE
Data source: D.L. Massart et al., Handbook of Chemometrics and Qualimetrics, Part A, Elsevier, Amsterdam,
1997, page 397, chapter 13.5.2.
Reference value
100

5/2/2011

Measrt 1
98,9

Measrt 2
100,3

Measrt 3
99,7

Measrt 4
99

Book of Reference Examples EffiValidation 3.0

Measrt 5
100,6

Measrt 6
98,6

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Window Results in EffiValidation 3.0:

2.5.2 LIMITED CONCENTRATION RANGE REFERENCE MATERIAL AVAILABLE

Data source: not found. Data obtained by experimental measurements in a laboratory.
Reference value
50
Reference precision: 0,3

Measrt 1
50,45

Measrt 2
50,35

Measrt 3
50,11

Measrt 4
49,68

Measrt 5
50,01

Measrt 6
49,81

Window Results in EffiValidation 3.0:

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2.5.3 LARGE CONCENTRATION RANGE BLANK MATERIAL AVAILABLE: T-TEST

Data source: D.L. Massart et al., Handbook of Chemometrics and Qualimetrics, Part A, Elsevier, Amsterdam,
1997, page 397, chapter 13.5.2.
Reference
100

Measrt 1
98,9

Measrt 2
100,3

Measrt 3
99,7

Measrt 4
99

Measrt 5
100,6

Measrt 6
98,6

Window Results in EffiValidation 3.0:

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2.5.4 LARGE CONCENTRATION RANGE BLANK MATERIAL AVAILABLE: REGRESSION
Data source: D.L. Massart et al., Handbook of Chemometrics and Qualimetrics, Part A, Elsevier, Amsterdam,
1997, page 193, Table 8.6.
Sample
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

Measrt 1
35
75
75
80
125
205
205
215
240
350

Measrt 2
35
70
80
80
120
200
220
200
250
330

Window Results in EffiValidation 3.0:

2.5.5 LARGE CONCENTRATION RANGE BLANK MATERIAL NOT AVAILABLE: T-TEST

Data source: D.L. Massart et al., Handbook of Chemometrics and Qualimetrics, Part A, Elsevier, Amsterdam,
1997, page 405, chapter 13.5.5.
Standard Addition
0
60
5/2/2011

Measrt 1
90
156

Measrt 2
90,8
154,2

Measrt 3
89,7
155,3

Measrt 4
89,2
155,6

Book of Reference Examples EffiValidation 3.0

Measrt 5
88,6
153,8

Measrt 6
91,2
154,7

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Window Results in EffiValidation 3.0:

2.5.6 LARGE CONCENTRATION RANGE BLANK MATERIAL AVAILABLE: REGRESSION

Data source: D.L. Massart et al., Handbook of Chemometrics and Qualimetrics, Part A, Elsevier, Amsterdam,
1997, page 210, chapter 8.2.9., example 9

Standard
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

Calibration
A*s
0
0,039
0,073
0,149
0,215
0,28

ug/l
0
41
81
162
244
325

Standard addition
ug/l added
A*s
0
0,05
41
0,083
81
0,122
122
0,161
162
0,179
203
0,215
325
0,313

Window Results in EffiValidation 3.0:

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2.5.7 COMPARISON OF 2 METHODS / LABORATORIES: T-TEST LEVEL BY LEVEL

Data source: not found. Data obtained by experimental measurements in a laboratory.

Sample
1
2
3

Method 1
Measrt 1
5,33
25,02
50,11

Method 1
Measrt 2
5,01
24,95
50,45

Method 1
Measrt 3
4,97
24,86
50,35

Method 2
Measrt 1
5,31
24,38
49,81

Method 2
Measrt 2
5,08
24,22
49,68

Method 2
Measrt 3
5,12
24,11
50,01

Window Results in EffiValidation 3.0:

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2.5.8 COMPARISON OF 2 METHODS / LABORATORIES: T-TEST ON DIFFERENCE OF RESULTS

Data source: D.L. Massart et al., Handbook of Chemometrics and Qualimetrics, Part A, Elsevier, Amsterdam,
1997, page 411, Table 13.7.
Sample
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19

Measrt 1
4,83
6,74
8,46
12,6
13,52
15,72
15,83
18,37
18,9
23,1
32,45
40,89
41,42
43,36
45,96
47,7
50,02
57,2
78,48

Measrt 2
4,63
7,39
8,76
11,85
13,67
15,8
16,05
18,22
18,79
22,8
32,53
41,03
41,52
43,7
45,89
47,81
50,11
57,51
79,38

Window Results in EffiValidation 3.0:

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2.6 SELECTIVITY
2.6.1 COMPARISON OF CALIBRATION LINES
Data source: D.L. Massart et al., Handbook of Chemometrics and Qualimetrics, Part A, Elsevier, Amsterdam,
1997, page 210, chapter 8.2.9., Example 9

Standard
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

Calibration without interference

ug/l
A*s
0
0
41
0,039
81
0,073
162
0,149
244
0,215
325
0,28

Calibration with interference 1

ug/l added
A*s
0
0,05
41
0,083
81
0,122
122
0,161
162
0,179
203
0,215
325
0,313

Window Results in EffiValidation 3.0:

2.6.2 COMPARISON OF RESULTS WITH A STANDARD

Data source: D.L. Massart et al., Handbook of Chemometrics and Qualimetrics, Part A, Elsevier, Amsterdam,
1997, page 397, chapter 13.5.2.
Reference
(without interference)
100
5/2/2011

With
interf. 1
98,9

With
interf. 2
100,3

With
interf. 3
99,7

With
interf. 4
99

Book of Reference Examples EffiValidation 3.0

With
interf. 5
100,6

With
interf. 6
98,6

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Window Results in EffiValidation 3.0:

2.6.3 COMPARISON OF RESULTS WITH MEASUREMENTS WITHOUT THE INTERFERENCE

Data source: not found. Data obtained by experimental measurements in a laboratory.

Sample
1
2
3

Without interf.
Measrt 1
5,33
25,02
50,11

Without interf.
Measrt 2
5,01
24,95
50,45

Without interf.
Measrt 3
4,97
24,86
50,35

With interf.
Measrt 1
5,31
24,38
49,81

With interf.
Measrt 2
5,08
24,22
49,68

With interf.
Measrt 3
5,12
24,11
50,01

Window Results in EffiValidation 3.0:

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2.7 SENSITIVITY
2.7.1 FROM CALIBRATION LINE
Data source: NIST, Norris, J, http://www.itl.nist.gov/div898/strd/lls/data/LINKS/DATA/Norris.dat
Sample
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
5/2/2011

Measrt 1
0,2
337,4
118,2
884,6
10,1
226,5
666,3
996,3
448,6
777
558,2
0,4
0,6
775,5
666,9
338
447,5
11,6
556
228,1
995,8
887,6
120,2
0,3
0,3
556,8
339,1
887,2
999
779

Measrt 2
0,1
338,8
118,1
888
9,2
228,1
668,5
998,5
449,1
778,9
559,2
0,3
0,1
778,1
668,8
339,3
448,9
10,8
557,7
228,3
998
888,8
119,6
0,3
0,6
557,6
339,3
888
998,5
778,9

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31
32
33
34
35
36

11,1
118,3
229,2
669,1
448,9
0,5

10,2
117,6
228,9
668,4
449,2
0,2

Window Results in EffiValidation 3.0:

2.7.2 MINIMAL DIFFERENCE IN THE VALIDATED PROPERTY

Data source: not found. Data obtained by experimental measurements in a laboratory.

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Window Results in EffiValidation 3.0:

2.8 LINEARITY
2.8.1 CORRELATION AND QC COEFFICIENT
Data source: D.L. Massart et al., Handbook of Chemometrics and Qualimetrics, Part A, Elsevier, Amsterdam,
1997, page 420, chapter 13.6.2., Table 13.9 and 13.10.
Sample
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

Measrt 1
0
0,4
0,8
1,2
1,6
2
2,4
2,8
3,2

Measrt 2
0
0,173
0,324
0,467
0,61
0,718
0,825
0,938
1,048

Window Results in EffiValidation 3.0:

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2.8.2 ANOVA FOR LACK OF FIT

Data source: D.L. Massart et al., Handbook of Chemometrics and Qualimetrics, Part A, Elsevier, Amsterdam,
1997, page 185, chapter 8.2.2.2., Example 2, Table 8.3.
Sample
1
2
3
4
5
6

Val. property
0
1
2
3
4
5

Measrt 1
0
0,98
2,1
3,16
3,68
4,15

Measrt 2
0
0,9
2,2
3,22
3,72
4,27

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2.8.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE QUADRATIC TERM F-TEST

Data source: D.L. Massart et al., Handbook of Chemometrics and Qualimetrics, Part A, Elsevier, Amsterdam,
1997, page 420, chapter 13.6.2., Table 13.9 and 13.10.
Sample
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

Measrt 1
0
0,4
0,8
1,2
1,6
2
2,4
2,8
3,2

Measrt 2
0
0,173
0,324
0,467
0,61
0,718
0,825
0,938
1,048

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2.8.4 SIGN TEST

Data source: D.L. Massart et al., Handbook of Chemometrics and Qualimetrics, Part A, Elsevier, Amsterdam,
1997, page 420, chapter 13.6.2., Table 13.9 and 13.10. repeated twice
Sample
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18

Measrt 1
0
0,4
0,8
1,2
1,6
2
2,4
2,8
3,2
0
0,4
0,8
1,2
1,6
2
2,4
2,8
3,2

Measrt 2
0
0,173
0,324
0,467
0,61
0,718
0,825
0,938
1,048
0
0,173
0,324
0,467
0,61
0,718
0,825
0,938
1,048

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2.9 RANGE
Range is not accessed but only archived in the database of EffiValidation 3.0:

2.10 LIMIT OF DETECTION AND LIMIT OF QUANTIFICATION

2.10.1 3S - IUPAC
Data source: D.L. Massart et al., Handbook of Chemometrics and Qualimetrics, Part A, Elsevier, Amsterdam,
1997, page 430, chapter 13.7.6.
Slope: 1
Measrt 1
0,025

Measrt 2
0,037

Measrt 3
0,012

Measrt 4
0,029

Measrt 5
0,048

Measrt 6
0,026

Measrt 7
0,024

Measrt 8
0,015

Measrt 9
0,041

Measrt 10
0,019

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2.10.2 3S EVERY SAMPLE CORRECTED FOR BLANK

Data source: D.L. Massart et al., Handbook of Chemometrics and Qualimetrics, Part A, Elsevier, Amsterdam,
1997, page 430, chapter 13.7.6.
Measrt 1
0,025

Measrt 2
0,037

Measrt 3
0,012

Measrt 4
0,029

Measrt 5
0,048

Measrt 6
0,026

Measrt 7
0,024

Measrt 8
0,015

Measrt 9
0,041

Measrt 10
0,019

Window Results in EffiValidation 3.0:

2.10.3 3S CONTINUOUSLY MEASURED BLANK

Data source: D.L. Massart et al., Handbook of Chemometrics and Qualimetrics, Part A, Elsevier, Amsterdam,
1997, page 430, chapter 13.7.6.
Measrt 1
0,025

Measrt 2
0,037

Measrt 3
0,012

Measrt 4
0,029

Measrt 5
0,048

Measrt 6
0,026

Measrt 7
0,024

Measrt 8
0,015

Measrt 9
0,041

Measrt 10
0,019

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2.10.4 FROM CALIBRATION LINE

Data source: M. Meloun. J. Militk, Statistical evaluation of experimental data, Edice PLUS, Praha, 1994, page
498, chapter 6.7.2., Example 6.53
Sample
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16

Measrt 1
2,5
5
7,5
10
12,5
15
17,5
20
22,5
25
27,5
30
32,5
35
37,5
40

Measrt 2
0,063
0,12
0,189
0,251
0,316
0,393
0,442
0,502
0,568
0,639
0,694
0,749
0,821
0,884
0,947
1,01

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2.10.5 FROM SIGNAL OF BLANK IN CHROMATOGRAPHY

Data source: not found. Data obtained by experimental measurements in a laboratory.

Window Results in EffiValidation 3.0:

2.11 BLANK
Data source: D.L. Massart et al., Handbook of Chemometrics and Qualimetrics, Part A, Elsevier, Amsterdam,
1997, page 430, chapter 13.7.6.
Measrt 1
0,025

Measrt 2
0,037

Measrt 3
0,012

Measrt 4
0,029

Measrt 5
0,048

Measrt 6
0,026

Measrt 7
0,024

Measrt 8
0,015

Measrt 9
0,041

Measrt 10
0,019

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2.12 REPEATABILITY OF INJECTION FDA

Data source: 19-th edition, Remington: Practice of The Science and Pharmacy, Mack Publishing Company,
Easton, 1995, page 125 and 126, Table 42 and 43:

Table 43, formulation A

Table 43, formulation B

Measrt 1
1,431
1,813

Measrt 2
1,74
1,778

Measrt 3
1,519
1,991

Measrt 4
1,839
1,672

Measrt 5
1,556
1,756

Measrt 6
1,591
1,633

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2.13 CAPACITY FACTOR - FDA

Data obtained by experimental measurements in a laboratory.

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2.14 RESOLUTION - FDA

Data obtained by experimental measurements in a laboratory.

Window Results in EffiValidation 3.0:

2.15 TAILING - FDA

Data obtained by experimental measurements in a laboratory.

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Window Results in EffiValidation 3.0:

2.16 THEORETICAL PLATE NUMBER FDA

Data obtained by experimental measurements in a laboratory.

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CHAPTER

3
INTERLABORATORY COMPARISON
3.1 MANDEL STATISTICS H
Data source: ISO 5725-2, 1997, page 45, Table B.12:
Level:
Laboratory
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

1
1
4,44
4,03
3,7
4,1
3,97
3,75
3,7
3,91
4,02

2
4,39
4,23
3,7
4,1
4,04
4,03
3,8
3,9
4,07

2
1
9,34
8,42
7,6
8,93
7,89
8,76
8
8,04
8,44

2
9,34
8,33
7,4
8,8
8,12
9,24
8,3
8,07
8,17

3
1
17,4
14,42
13,6
14,6
13,73
13,9
14,1
14,84
14,24

2
16,9
14,5
13,6
14,2
13,92
14,06
14,2
14,84
14,1

4
1
19,23
16,06
14,5
15,6
15,54
16,42
14,9
15,41
15,14

2
19,23
16,22
15,1
15,5
15,78
16,58
16
15,22
15,44

5
1
24,28
20,4
19,3
20,3
20,53
18,56
19,7
21,1
20,71

2
24
19,91
19,7
20,3
20,88
16,58
20,5
20,78
21,66

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3.2 MANDEL STATISTICS K

Data source: ISO 5725-2, 1997, page 45, Table B.12:
Level:
Laboratory
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

1
1
4,44
4,03
3,7
4,1
3,97
3,75
3,7
3,91
4,02

2
4,39
4,23
3,7
4,1
4,04
4,03
3,8
3,9
4,07

2
1
9,34
8,42
7,6
8,93
7,89
8,76
8
8,04
8,44

2
9,34
8,33
7,4
8,8
8,12
9,24
8,3
8,07
8,17

3
1
17,4
14,42
13,6
14,6
13,73
13,9
14,1
14,84
14,24

2
16,9
14,5
13,6
14,2
13,92
14,06
14,2
14,84
14,1

4
1
19,23
16,06
14,5
15,6
15,54
16,42
14,9
15,41
15,14

2
19,23
16,22
15,1
15,5
15,78
16,58
16
15,22
15,44

5
1
24,28
20,4
19,3
20,3
20,53
18,56
19,7
21,1
20,71

2
24
19,91
19,7
20,3
20,88
16,58
20,5
20,78
21,66

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3.3 COLLABORATIVE STUDY

Data source: ISO 5725-2, 1997, page 45, Table B.12:
Level:
Laboratory
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

1
1
4,44
4,03
3,7
4,1
3,97
3,75
3,7
3,91
4,02

2
4,39
4,23
3,7
4,1
4,04
4,03
3,8
3,9
4,07

2
1
9,34
8,42
7,6
8,93
7,89
8,76
8
8,04
8,44

2
9,34
8,33
7,4
8,8
8,12
9,24
8,3
8,07
8,17

3
1
17,4
14,42
13,6
14,6
13,73
13,9
14,1
14,84
14,24

2
16,9
14,5
13,6
14,2
13,92
14,06
14,2
14,84
14,1

4
1
19,23
16,06
14,5
15,6
15,54
16,42
14,9
15,41
15,14

2
19,23
16,22
15,1
15,5
15,78
16,58
16
15,22
15,44

5
1
24,28
20,4
19,3
20,3
20,53
18,56
19,7
21,1
20,71

2
24
19,91
19,7
20,3
20,88
16,58
20,5
20,78
21,66

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CHAPTER

4
CONTROL CHARTS
4.1 INDIVIDUAL MEASUREMENTS CHARACTERISTICS DETERMINED
Data source: ISO 8258:1991, 1991, page 22, Table 6: data in the standard are shown for the control chart with
repetitions, number of repetitions n = 5. These data are used here, because other data for individual
measurements are not presented.
Determined Central line of the weight for the control chart of the packaging process is 100,6 g and standard
deviation is 1,4
Measrt N.
[1]
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25

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Weight
[g]
100,6
101,3
99,6
100,5
99,9
99,5
100,4
100,5
101,1
100,3
100,1
99,6
99,2
99,4
99,4
99,6
99,3
99,9
100,5
99,5
100,1
100,4
101,1
99,9
99,7

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X-chart (control chart for mean)

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R-chart (control chart for range)

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4.2 INDIVIDUAL MEASUREMENTS CHARACTERISTICS NOT DETERMINED

Data source: ISO 8258:1991, 1991, page 27, Table 8: data shown in the ISO standard are data 1-10. Because the
application of Western-Electric rules requires min. 15 measurements, data in the table are repeated, resulting in
20 values.
Measrt N.
[1]
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20

5/2/2011

Weight
[g]
2,9
3,2
3,6
4,3
3,8
3,5
3
3,1
3,6
3,5
2,9
3,2
3,6
4,3
3,8
3,5
3
3,1
3,6
3,5

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X-chart (control chart for mean)

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R-chart (control chart for range)

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4.3 REPEATED MEASUREMENTS CHARACTERISTICS NOT DETERMINED

Data source: ISO 8258:1991, 1991, page 22, Table 6.
Determined Central line of the weight for the control chart of the packaging process is 100,6 g and standard
deviation is 1,4
Subgroup N.
[1]
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25

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Weight 1
[g]
98,9
99,3
98,5
98,25
97,5
97,6
98,35
99,65
100
98
97,6
96,55
97,45
96,85
97,15
97,55
96,95
97,4
98,55
97,15
97,8
98,2
98,65
97,55
98

Weight 2
[g]
99,75
100,3
99,05
99,375
98,7
98,55
99,375
100,075
100,55
99,15
98,85
98,075
98,325
98,125
98,275
98,575
98,125
98,65
99,525
98,325
98,95
99,3
99,875
98,725
98,85

Weight 3
[g]
100,6
101,3
99,6
100,5
99,9
99,5
100,4
100,5
101,1
100,3
100,1
99,6
99,2
99,4
99,4
99,6
99,3
99,9
100,5
99,5
100,1
100,4
101,1
99,9
99,7

Weight 4
[g]
101,45
102,3
100,15
101,625
101,1
100,45
101,425
100,925
101,65
101,45
101,35
101,125
100,075
100,675
100,525
100,625
100,475
101,15
101,475
100,675
101,25
101,5
102,325
101,075
100,55

Weight 5
[g]
102,3
103,3
100,7
102,75
102,3
101,4
102,45
101,35
102,2
102,6
102,6
102,65
100,95
101,95
101,65
101,65
101,65
102,4
102,45
101,85
102,4
102,6
103,55
102,25
101,4

Book of Reference Examples EffiValidation 3.0

Average
[g]
100,6
101,3
99,6
100,5
99,9
99,5
100,4
100,5
101,1
100,3
100,1
99,6
99,2
99,4
99,4
99,6
99,3
99,9
100,5
99,5
100,1
100,4
101,1
99,9
99,7

Range
[g]
3,4
4
2,2
4,5
4,8
3,8
4,1
1,7
2,2
4,6
5
6,1
3,5
5,1
4,5
4,1
4,7
5
3,9
4,7
4,6
4,4
4,9
4,7
3,4

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X-chart (control chart for mean)

Window Results in EffiValidation 3.0:

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R-chart (control chart for range)

Window Results in EffiValidation 3.0:

4.4 REPEATED MEASUREMENTS CHARACTERISTICS NOT DETERMINED

Data source: ISO 8258:1991, 1991, page 24, Table 7.
Subgroup N.
[1]
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
5/2/2011

Average 1
[cm]
0,1898
0,2012
0,2217
0,1832
0,1692
0,1621
0,2001
0,2401

Average 2
[cm]
0,1729
0,1913
0,2192
0,1812
0,2263
0,1832
0,1927
0,1825

Average 3
[cm]
0,2067
0,1878
0,2078
0,1963
0,2086
0,1914
0,2169
0,191

Average 4
[cm]
0,1898
0,1921
0,198
0,18
0,2091
0,1783
0,2082
0,2264

Book of Reference Examples EffiValidation 3.0

Average
[cm]
0,1898
0,2012
0,2217
0,1832
0,1692
0,1621
0,2001
0,2401

Range
[cm]
0,0338
0,0134
0,0237
0,0163
0,0571
0,0293
0,0242
0,0576

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9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20

0,1996
0,1783
0,2166
0,1924
0,1768
0,1923
0,1924
0,172
0,1824
0,1812
0,17
0,1698

0,198
0,1715
0,1748
0,1984
0,1986
0,1876
0,1996
0,194
0,179
0,1585
0,1567
0,1664

0,2076
0,1829
0,196
0,2377
0,2241
0,1903
0,212
0,2117
0,1876
0,1699
0,1694
0,17

0,2023
0,1961
0,1923
0,2003
0,2022
0,1986
0,216
0,232
0,1821
0,168
0,1702
0,16

0,1996
0,1783
0,2166
0,1924
0,1768
0,1923
0,1924
0,172
0,1824
0,1812
0,17
0,1698

0,0096
0,0246
0,0418
0,0453
0,0473
0,0110
0,0236
0,0600
0,0086
0,0227
0,0135
0,0100

X-chart (control chart fro mean)

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R-chart (control chart for Range)

Window Results in EffiValidation 3.0:

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CHAPTER

5
CALIBRATION
5.1 LINEAR CALIBRATION
Data source: ISO 8466:1, 1990, page 7, Table 5
Concentration
[ mg / l ]
0,05
0,1
0,15
0,2
0,25
0,3
0,35
0,4
0,45
0,5

Absorbance
[1]
0,14
0,281
0,405
0,535
0,662
0,789
0,916
1,058
1,173
1,303

Window Results in EffiValidation 3.0:

Unknown samples:
Concentration
[ mg / l ]
?
?
?
?

5/2/2011

Absorbance
[1]
0,0542
0,854
1,123
0,01

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Window Results in EffiValidation 3.0:

5.2 QUADRATIC CALIBRATION

Data source: ISO 8466:2, 1993, page 8, Table 7
Concentration
[ mg / l ]
12
18
24
30
36
42
48
54
60
66

5/2/2011

Absorbance
[1]
0,083
0,123
0,164
0,203
0,24
0,273
0,303
0,334
0,364
0,393

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Window Results in EffiValidation 3.0:

Unknown samples:
Concentration
[ mg / l ]
?
?
?
?

Absorbance
[1]
0,084
0,123
0,32
0,024

Window Results in EffiValidation 3.0:

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CHAPTER

6
UNCERTAINTIES
6.1 FROM PRECISION DATA MULTIPLE MEASUREMENTS
Data obtained by experimental measurements in a laboratory. Coverage factor: 2.0

Level 1
Level 2
Level 3

Measrt 1
5
25
50,8

Measrt 2
5,2
24,7
50,1

Measrt 3
5,8
24,1
49,2

Measrt 4
4,8
25,8
51

Measrt 5
5,7
24,6
50,4

Measrt 6
5,1
24,3
50,7

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6.2 FROM PRECISION DATA PARALLEL MEASUREMENTS
Data source: D.L. Massart et al., Handbook of Chemometrics and Qualimetrics, Part A, Elsevier, Amsterdam,
1997, page 30, Table 2.4. Coverage factor: 2.0
Experiment
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20

Measrt 1
42,68
42,08
43,39
42,87
42,7
42,93
42,78
42,92
43,34
43,12
42,43
43,05
42,99
43,04
43,41
43,12
42,25
42,96
42,83
42,83

Measrt 2
42,77
42,38
43,33
42,98
42,95
42,95
42,97
43,2
42,89
43,26
42,54
43,15
42,86
42,78
43,14
43,23
42,53
42,78
42,72
43,04

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6.3 FROM CONTROL CHART INDIVIDUAL MEASUREMENTS
Data source: ISO 8258:1991, 1991, page 27, Table 8: data presented in the ISO standard are 1-10. Because the
application of the Western-Electric rules requires min. 15 measurements, data in the table are repeated, resulting
in 20 values.
Measrt N.
[1]

Weight
[g]

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20

100,6
101,3
99,6
100,5
99,9
99,5
100,4
100,5
101,1
100,3
100,1
99,6
99,2
99,4
99,4
99,6
99,3
99,9
100,5
99,5

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6.4 FROM CONTROL CHART REPEATED MEASUREMENTS
Data source: ISO 8258:1991, 1991, page 24, Table 7.
Subgroup N.
[1]

Average 1
[cm]

Average 2
[cm]

Average 3
[cm]

Average 4
[cm]

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20

0,1898
0,2012
0,2217
0,1832
0,1692
0,1621
0,2001
0,2401
0,1996
0,1783
0,2166
0,1924
0,1768
0,1923
0,1924
0,172
0,1824
0,1812
0,17
0,1698

0,1729
0,1913
0,2192
0,1812
0,2263
0,1832
0,1927
0,1825
0,198
0,1715
0,1748
0,1984
0,1986
0,1876
0,1996
0,194
0,179
0,1585
0,1567
0,1664

0,2067
0,1878
0,2078
0,1963
0,2086
0,1914
0,2169
0,191
0,2076
0,1829
0,196
0,2377
0,2241
0,1903
0,212
0,2117
0,1876
0,1699
0,1694
0,17

0,1898
0,1921
0,198
0,18
0,2091
0,1783
0,2082
0,2264
0,2023
0,1961
0,1923
0,2003
0,2022
0,1986
0,216
0,232
0,1821
0,168
0,1702
0,16

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6.5 EXPERT ESTIMATE

Data source: not found. Data obtained by experimental measurements in a laboratory. Coverage factor: 2.0

Window Results in EffiValidation 3.0:

6.6 FROM PARTIAL UNCERTAINTIES

EURACHEM/CITAC Guide, Quantifying Uncertainty in Analytical Measurement, Second Edition, June 1999,
Example 3.
y = (1000*x1*x2*x3)/(x4*(8*x5+5*x6+4*x7+x8)*x9). Coverage factor: 2.0
Source
X1
X2
X3
X4
X5
X6
X7
X8
X9

Value
0,3888
1
14,89
18,64
12,0107
1,00794
15,9994
39,0983
15

St. uncertainty
0,00013
0,00029
0,015
0,016
0,00046
4E-5
0,00017
5,8E-5
0,011

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5/2/2011

Book of Reference Examples EffiValidation 3.0

document version: 1.03