ADMINISTRATIVE LAW, ELECTION LAW AND LAW ON PUBLIC OFFICERS Course Outline By: Atty Ernesto C S!l!o e"s!l!

o#$lo%s&ot "o' PART I ADMINISTRATIVE LAW I. GENERAL PRINCIPLES Definitions a. Administrative Law (ener!l Sense: ) E'$r!"es !ll t*e l!+ t*!t "ontrols or is inten,e, to "ontrol, t*e !,'inistr!ti-e o&er!tions o. %o-ern'ent Co-ers intern!l !,'inistr!tion !n, e/tern!l

NAC5URA: ) It is t*e $r!n"* o. &u$li" l!+ +*i"* .i/es t*e or%!ni6!tion, ,eter'ines t*e "o'&eten"e o. !,'inistr!ti-e !ut*orities, !n, in,i"!tes to t*e in,i-i,u!l re'e,ies .or t*e -iol!tion o. *is ri%*ts

LAW (UIDE DICTIONAR7: ) T*e $o,y o. l!+ !n, &ro"e,ures t*!t is "re!te, !n, %o-erns !,'inistr!ti-e !%en"ies or s&e"i.i" &!rts o. %o-ern'ent It in"lu,es rules !n, re%ul!tions !n, ,e" isions '!,e 8o&inions !n, or,ers9 !s ! result o. !,'inistr!ti-e *e!rin%s

b. Government of the Republic of the Philippines :Government of the Republic of the P*ili&&ines: re.ers to t*e "or&or!te %o-ern'ent!l entity t*rou%* +*i"* t*e .un"tions o. %o-ern'ent !re e/er"ise, t*rou%*out t*e P*ili&&ines, in"lu,in%, s!-e !s t*e "ontr!ry !&&e!rs .ro' t*e "onte/t, t*e -!rious !r's t*rou%* +*i"* &oliti"!l !ut*ority is '!,e e..e"ti-e in t*e P*ili&&ines, +*et*er &ert!inin% to t*e !utono'ous re%ions, t*e &ro-in"i!l, "ity, 'uni"i&!l or $!r!n%!y su$,i-isions or ot*er .or's o. lo"!l %o-ern'ent ; (Sec 2, Administrative Code of 1987 c. National Government !"ational Government! re.ers to t*e entire '!"*inery o. t*e "entr!l %o-ern'ent, !s ,istin%uis*e, .ro' t*e ,i..erent .or's o. lo"!l %o-ern'ents (Sec 2, Administrative Code of 1987 d. Local Government !#ocal Government! re.ers to t*e &oliti"!l su$,i-isions est!$lis*e, $y or in !""or,!n"e +it* t*e Constitution (Sec 2, Administrative Code of 1987 e. Agency of the Government !A$enc% of the Government! re.ers to !ny o. t*e -!rious units o. t*e (o-ern'ent, in"lu,in% ! ,e&!rt'ent, $ure!u, o..i"e,

Intern!l: "onsi,er t*e le%!l !s&e"ts o. &u$li" !,'inistr!tion !s ! %oin% "on"ern E/tern!l: le%!l rel!tions $et+een !,'inistr!ti-e !ut*orities !n, &ri-!te interests CRU0: ) It is t*e $r!n"* o. &u$li" l!+ un,er +*i"* t*e e/e"uti-e ,e&!rt'ent o. t*e %o-ern'ent or ! "onstitution!l "o''ission li1e t*e COMELEC, !"tin% in ! 2u!si) le%isl!ti-e or 2u!si)3u,i"i!l "!&!"ity or $ot*, inter.ere +it* t*e "on,u"t o. t*e in,i-i,u!l .or t*e &ur&ose o. &ro'otin% t*e +ell)$ein% o. t*e "o''unity A"tin% in 2u!si)le%isl!ti-e 'e!ns t*e !ut*ority ,ele%!te, $y t*e l!+ '!1in% $o,y to !,o&t rules !n, re%ul!tions inten,e, to "!rry out t*e &ro-isions o. ! l!+ !n, i'&le'ent t*e le%isl!ti-e &oli"y 4u!si)3u,i"i!l "!&!"ity 'e!ns t*e &o+er o. t*e !,'inistr!ti-e !%en"y to ,eter'ine 2uestions o. .!"t to +*i"* t*e le%isl!ti-e &oli"y is to !&&ly, in !""or,!n"e +it* t*e st!n,!r,s l!i, ,o+n $y t*e l!+ itsel.

instru'ent!lity, or %o-ern'ent)o+ne, or "ontrolle, "or&or!tions, or ! lo"!l %o-ern'ent or ! ,istin"t unit t*erein (Sec 2, Administrative Code of 1987 f. Department !&epartment! re.ers to !n e/e"uti-e ,e&!rt'ent "re!te, $y l!+ For &ur&oses o. Boo1 IV, t*is s*!ll in"lu,e !ny instru'ent!lity, !s *erein ,e.ine,, *!-in% or !ssi%ne, t*e r!n1 o. ! ,e&!rt'ent, re%!r,less o. its n!'e or ,esi%n!tion (Sec 2, Administrative Code of 1987 g. Bureau !'ureau! re.ers to !ny &rin"i&!l su$,i-ision or unit o. !ny ,e&!rt'ent For &ur&oses o. Boo1 IV, t*is s*!ll in"lu,e !ny &rin"i&!l su$,i-ision or unit o. !ny instru'ent!lity %i-en or !ssi%ne, t*e r!n1 o. ! $ure!u, re%!r,less o. !"tu!l n!'e or ,esi%n!tion, !s in t*e "!se o. ,e&!rt'ent)+i,e re%ion!l o..i"es h. ffice !(ffice! re.ers, +it*in t*e .r!'e+or1 o. %o-ern'ent!l or%!ni6!tion, to !ny '!3or .un"tion!l unit o. ! ,e&!rt'ent or $ure!u in"lu,in% re%ion!l o..i"es It '!y !lso re.er to !ny &osition *el, or o""u&ie, $y in,i-i,u!l &ersons, +*ose .un"tions !re ,e.ine, $y l!+ or re%ul!tion i. !nstrumentality !)nstrumentalit%! re.ers to !ny !%en"y o. t*e N!tion!l (o-ern'ent, not inte%r!te, +it*in t*e ,e&!rt'ent .r!'e+or1 -este, +it*in s&e"i!l .un"tions or 3uris,i"tion $y l!+, en,o+e, +it* so'e i. not !ll "or&or!te &o+ers, !,'inisterin% s&e"i!l .un,s, !n, en3oyin% o&er!tion!l !utono'y, usu!lly t*rou%* ! "*!rter T*is ter' in"lu,es re%ul!tory !%en"ies, "*!rtere, institutions !n, %o-ern'ent) o+ne, or "ontrolle, "or&or!tions ". Regulatory agency !Re$ulator% a$enc%! re.ers to !ny !%en"y e/&ressly -este, +it* 3uris,i"tion to re%ul!te, !,'inister or !,3u,i"!te '!tters !..e"tin% su$st!nti!l ri%*ts !n, interests o. &ri-!te &ersons, t*e &rin"i&!l &o+ers o. +*i"* !re e/er"ise, $y ! "olle"ti-e $o,y, su"* !s ! "o''ission, $o!r, or "oun"il

#. $hartered !nstitution !Chartered institution! re.ers to !ny !%en"y or%!ni6e, or o&er!tin% un,er ! s&e"i!l "*!rter, !n, -este, $y l!+ +it* .un"tions rel!tin% to s&e"i.i" "onstitution!l &oli"ies or o$3e"ti-es T*is ter' in"lu,es t*e st!te uni-ersities !n, "olle%es !n, t*e 'onet!ry !ut*ority o. t*e St!te l. Government%owned corporation or controlled

!Government*o+ned or controlled corporation! re.ers to !ny !%en"y or%!ni6e, !s ! sto"1 or non)sto"1 "or&or!tion, -este, +it* .un"tions rel!tin% to &u$li" nee,s +*et*er %o-ern'ent!l or &ro&riet!ry in n!ture, !n, o+ne, $y t*e (o-ern'ent ,ire"tly or t*rou%* its instru'ent!lities eit*er +*olly, or, +*ere !&&li"!$le !s in t*e "!se o. sto"1 "or&or!tions, to t*e e/tent o. !t le!st .i.ty) one 8<=>9 &er "ent o. its "!&it!l sto"1: Pro-i,e,, T*!t %o-ern'ent)o+ne, or "ontrolle, "or&or!tions '!y $e .urt*er "!te%ori6e, $y t*e De&!rt'ent o. t*e Bu,%et, t*e Ci-il Ser-i"e Co''ission, !n, t*e Co''ission on Au,it .or &ur&oses o. t*e e/er"ise !n, ,is"*!r%e o. t*eir res&e"ti-e &o+ers, .un"tions !n, res&onsi$ilities +it* res&e"t to su"* "or&or!tions GOCC Government Act of 2 !! "Re#$%&ic Act No. ! !'() An !"t to &ro'ote .in!n"i!l -i!$ility !n, .is"!l ,is"i&line in (OCC !n, to stren%t*en t*e role o. t*e St!te in its %o-ern!n"e !n, '!n!%e'ent to '!1e t*e' 'ore res&onsi-e to t*e nee,s o. Pu$li" interest !n, .or ot*er &ur&ose In !""or, to t*e &oli"y o. t*e St!te to !"ti-ely e/er"ise its o+ners*i& ri%*t in (OCCs !n, to &ro'ote %ro+t* $y ensurin% t*!t o&er!tions !re "onsistent +it* n!tion!l ,e-elo&'ent &oli"ies !n, &ro%r!'s Cre!te, t*e (o-ern!n"e Co''ission .or (o-ern'ent O+ne, or Controlle, Cor&or!tions 8(C(9 +*i"* is t*e "entr!l !,-isory, 'onitory, !n, o-ersi%*t $o,y +it* !ut*ority to .or'ul!te, i'&le'ent !n, "oor,in!te &oli"ies, +*i"* s*!ll $e !tt!"*e, to t*e O..i"e o. t*e Presi,ent (C(, !'on% ot*ers *!-e t*e .ollo+in% &o+ers !n, .un"tions:

E-!lu!te t*e &er.or'!n"e !n, ,eter'ine t*e rele-!n"e o. t*e (OCC, to !s"ert!in +*et*er su"* (OCC s*oul, $e reor%!ni6e,, 'er%e,, stre!'line, !$olis*e, or &ri-!ti6e,, in "onsult!tion +it* t*e ,e&!rt'ent or !%en"y to +*i"* t*e (OCC is !tt!"*e, U&on ,eter'in!tion $y t*e (C( t*!t it is to t*e $est interest o. t*e St!te t*!t ! (OCC s*oul, $e reor%!ni6e,, 'er%e, stre!'line, !$olis*e,, or &ri-!ti6e,, it s*!ll: i I'&le'ent t*e reor%!ni6!tion, 'er%er, or stre!'linin% o. t*e (OCC, unless ot*er+ise ,ire"te, $y t*e Presi,ent? or Re"o''en, to t*e Presi,ent t*e !$olition or &ri-!ti6!tion o. t*e (OCC, !n, u&on !&&ro-!l o. t*e Presi,ent, i'&le'ent su"* !$olition or &ri-!ti6!tion unless t*e Presi,ent ,esi%n!tes !not*er !%en"y to i'&le'ent su"* !$olition or &ri-!ti6!tion Re-ie+ t*e .un"tions o. e!"* o. t*e (OCC !n,, u&on ,eter'in!tion t*!t t*ere is ! "on.li"t $et+een t*e re%ul!tory !n, "o''er"i!l .un"tions o. ! (OCC, re"o''en, to t*e Presi,ent in "onsult!tion +it* t*e (o-ern'ent A%en"y to +*i"* su"* (OCC is !tt!"*e,, t*e &ri-!ti6!tion o. t*e (OCCs "o''er"i!l o&er!tions, or t*e tr!ns.er o. t*e re%ul!tory .un"tions to t*e !&&ro&ri!te %o-ern'ent !%en"y, or su"* ot*er &l!n o. !"tion to ensure t*!t t*e "o''er"i!l .un"tions o. t*e (OCC ,o not "on.li"t +it* su"* re%ul!tory .un"tions

"on-enien"e or .or 2ui"1er or 'ore e..i"ient !,'inistr!tion to +it**ol, t*e "ontro-ersies, !t le!st in t*e .irst inst!n"e, .ro' t*e "ourts o. l!+ @ Rules, re%ul!tions or or,ers o. su"* !,'inistr!ti-e !ut*orities en!"te, !n, &ro'ul%!te, in &ursu!n"e o. t*e &ur&oses .or +*i"* t*ey +ere "re!te, or en,o+e, Deter'in!tions, ,e"isions !n, or,ers o. su"* !,'inistr!ti-e !ut*orities '!,e in t*e settle'ent o. "ontro-ersies !risin% in t*eir &!rti"ul!r .iel,s Bo,y o. Do"trines !n, ,e"isions ,e!lin% +it* t*e "re!tion, o&er!tion, !n, e..e"t o. ,eter'in!tions !n, re%ul!tions o. su"* !,'inistr!ti-e !ut*orities

ii

Sco#e of A+ministr,tive L,= @ A B < So-erei%nty !n, (o-ern'ent!l A,'inistr!tion Distri$ution o. Po+ers C E/e"uti-e, Le%isl!ti-e, !n, Du,i"i!ry O..i"e o. t*e Presi,ent E/e"uti-e Br!n"* C !ll t*e ,e&!rt'ents, $ure!us, o..i"es !n, !%en"ies !tt!"*e, t*ereto Constitution!l Co''issions C COMELEC, Ci-il Ser-i"e Co''ission, !n, t*e Co''ission on Au,it, !n, ot*er "onstitution!l $o,ies N!tion!l (o-ern'ent Bu,%etin% A,'inistr!ti-e Pro"e,ure

E F

So$rces of A+ministr,tive L,= @ A B Constitution St!tutes "re!tin% !,'inistr!ti-e $o,ies Court ,e"isions inter&retin% t*e "*!rters o. !,'inistr!ti-e $o,ies T*e $o,y o. rules, re%ul!tions, !n, or,ers issue, $y !,'inistr!ti-e !%en"ies

*in+s of A+ministr,tive L,C,ses. = St!tutes settin% u& !,'inistr!ti-e !ut*orities ) eit*er $y "re!tin% $o!r,s, "o''issions, !n, !,'inistr!ti-e o..i"ers or "on.i,in% t*e &o+ers !n, ,uties to e/istin% $o!r,s, "o''ission or o..i"ers to !'&li.y, e/e"ute, su&er-ise t*e o&er!tions o., !n, ,eter'ine "ontro-ersies !risin% un,er &!rti"ul!r l!+s in t*e en!"t'ent o. +*i"* t*e le%isl!ture ,e"i,e, .or '!tters o. !) Mec,no vs COA/ 2!0 SCRA 1 2ACTS. Me"!no is ! Dire"tor II o. t*e NBI 5e +!s *os&it!li6e, !n, on !""ount o. +*i"* *e in"urre, 'e,i"!l !n, *os&it!li6!tion e/&enses, t*e tot!l !'ount o. +*i"* *e is "l!i'in% .ro' t*e COA In ! 'e'or!n,u' to t*e NBI Dire"tor, Dire"tor Li' re2ueste, rei'$urse'ent .or *is e/&enses on t*e

%roun, t*!t *e is entitle, to t*e $ene.its un,er Section 0(( of t3e Revise+ A+ministr,tive Co+e "RAC), t*e &ertinent &ro-isions o. +*i"* re!,: Se" EGG Allo+ances in case of in,ur%, death, or sic-ness incurred in performance of dut% H W*en ! &erson in t*e ser-i"e o. t*e n!tion!l %o-ern'ent o. ! &ro-in"e, "ity, 'uni"i&!lity or 'uni"i&!l ,istri"t is so in3ure, in t*e &er.or'!n"e o. ,uty !s t*ere$y to re"ei-e so'e !"tu!l &*ysi"!l *urt or +oun,, t*e &ro&er 5e!, o. De&!rt'ent '!y ,ire"t t*!t !$sen"e ,urin% !ny &erio, o. ,is!$ility t*ere$y o""!sione, s*!ll $e on .ull &!y, t*ou%* not 'ore t*!n si/ 'ont*s, !n, in su"* "!se *e '!y in *is ,is"retion !lso !ut*ori6e t*e &!y'ent o. t*e 'e,i"!l !tten,!n"e, ne"ess!ry tr!ns&ort!tion, su$sisten"e !n, *os&it!l .ees o. t*e in3ure, &erson A$sen"e in t*e "!se "onte'&l!te, s*!ll $e "*!r%e, .irst !%!inst -!"!tion le!-e, i. !ny t*ere $e /// /// /// In "!se o. si"1ness "!use, $y or "onne"te, ,ire"tly +it* t*e &er.or'!n"e o. so'e !"t in t*e line o. ,uty, t*e &epartment *e!, '!y in *is ,is"retion !ut*ori6e t*e &!y'ent o. t*e ne"ess!ry *os&it!l .ees Dire"tor Li' t*en .or+!r,e, &etitionerIs "l!i', to t*e Se"ret!ry o. Dusti"e Fin,in% &etitionerIs illness to $e ser-i"e)"onne"te,, t*e Co''ittee on P*ysi"!l E/!'in!tion o. t*e De&!rt'ent o. Dusti"e .!-or!$ly re"o''en,e, t*e &!y'ent o. &etitionerIs "l!i' 5o+e-er, t*en Un,erse"ret!ry o. Dusti"e Bello III returne, &etitionerIs "l!i' to Dire"tor Li', *!-in% "onsi,ere, t*e st,tements of t3e C3,irm,n of t3e COA to t3e effect t3,t t3e RAC %ein4 re&ie+ $#on -,s re#e,&e+ %5 t3e A+ministr,tive Co+e of !(67. Petitioner t*en re)su$'itte, *is "l!i' to Dire"tor Li', +it* ! "o&y o. O&inion No FA, S =GG= o. t*en Se"ret!ry o. Dusti"e Drilon st!tin% t*!t Jt*e issu!n"e o. t*e A,'inistr!ti-e Co,e ,i, not o&er!te to re&e!l or !$ro%!te in its entirety t*e Re-ise, A,'inistr!ti-e Co,e, in"lu,in% t*e &!rti"ul!r Se"tion EGG o. t*e l!tter; Dire"tor Li' tr!ns'itte, !ne+ Me"!noIs "l!i' to t*en Un,erse"ret!ry Bello .or .!-or!$le "onsi,er!tion? Se"ret!ry Drilon .or+!r,e, &etitionerIs "l!i' to t*e COA C*!ir'!n, re"o''en,in% &!y'ent o. t*e s!'e COA C*!ir'!n *o+e-er, ,enie, &etitionerIs "l!i' on t*e %roun, t*!t Se"tion EGG o. t*e RAC *!, $een re&e!le, $y t*e A,'inistr!ti-e Co,e o. =GKF, solely .or t*e re,son t3,t t3e s,me section -,s not

rest,te+ nor re8en,cte+ in t3e A+ministr,tive Co+e of !(67 5e "o''ente,, *o+e-er, t*!t t*e "l!i' '!y $e .ile, +it* t*e E'&loyeesI Co'&ens!tion Co''ission, "onsi,erin% t*!t t*e illness o. Dire"tor Me"!no o""urre, !.ter t*e e..e"ti-ity o. t*e A,'inistr!ti-e Co,e o. =GKF E-entu!lly, &etitionerIs "l!i' +!s returne, $y Un,erse"ret!ry o. Dusti"e Montene%ro to Dire"tor Li' +it* t*e !,-i"e t*!t &etitioner Jele-!te t*e '!tter to t*e Su&re'e Court i. *e so ,esires; 5en"e t*is &etition .or certiorari. ISS9E. WON t*e A,'inistr!ti-e Co,e o. =GKF re&e!le, or !$ro%!te, Se"tion EGG o. t*e RAC :ELD. NO. T*e Court resol-es to (RANT t*e &etition? res&on,ent is *ere$y or,ere, to %i-e ,ue "ourse to &etitionerIs "l!i' .or $ene.its T*e 2uestion o. +*et*er ! &!rti"ul!r l!+ *!s $een re&e!le, or not $y ! su$se2uent l!+ is ! '!tter o. le%isl!ti-e intent T*e l!+'!1ers '!y e/&ressly re&e!l ! l!+ $y in"or&or!tin% t*erein ! re&e!lin% &ro-ision +*i"* e/&ressly !n, s&e"i.i"!lly "ites t*e &!rti"ul!r l!+ or l!+s, !n, &ortions t*ereo., t*!t !re inten,e, to $e re&e!le, A ,e"l!r!tion in ! st!tute, usu!lly in its re&e!lin% "l!use, t*!t ! &!rti"ul!r !n, s&e"i.i" l!+, i,enti.ie, $y its nu'$er or title, is re&e!le, is !n e/&ress re&e!l? !ll ot*ers !re i'&lie, re&e!ls In t*e "!se o. t*e t+o A,'inistr!ti-e Co,es in 2uestion, t*e !s"ert!in'ent o. +*et*er or not it +!s t*e intent o. t*e le%isl!ture to su&&l!nt t*e ol, Co,e +it* t*e ne+ Co,e &!rtly ,e&en,s on t*e s"rutiny o. t*e re&e!lin% "l!use o. t*e ne+ Co,e T*is &ro-ision is .oun, in Se"tion @F, Boo1 VII 8Fin!l Pro-isions9 o. t*e A,'inistr!ti-e Co,e o. =GKF +*i"* re!,s: Se" @F Repealin$ Clause H All l!+s, ,e"rees, or,ers, rules !n, re%ul!tions, or &ortions t*ereo., in"onsistent +it* t*is Co,e !re *ere$y re&e!le, or 'o,i.ie, !""or,in%ly T*e 2uestion t*!t s*oul, $e !s1e, is: W3,t is t3e n,t$re of t3is re#e,&in4 c&,$se; It is "ert!inly not !n e/&ress re&e!lin% "l!use $e"!use it .!ils to i,enti.y or ,esi%n!te t*e !"t or !"ts t*!t !re inten,e, to $e re&e!le, R,t3er/ it is ,n e<,m#&e of , 4ener,& re#e,&in4 #rovision It is ! "l!use +*i"* &re,i"!tes t*e inten,e, re&e!l un,er t*e "on,ition t*!t su$st!nti!l "on.li"t 'ust $e .oun, in e/istin% !n, &rior !"ts T*is l!tter situ!tion .!lls un,er

t*e "!te%ory o. !n i'&lie, re&e!l T*ere !re t+o "!te%ories o. re&e!l $y i'&li"!tion: = W*ere &ro-isions in t*e t+o !"ts on t*e s!'e su$3e"t '!tter !re in !n irre"on"il!$le "on.li"t, t*e l!ter !"t to t*e e/tent o. t*e "on.li"t "onstitutes !n i'&lie, re&e!l o. t*e e!rlier one? I. t*e l!ter !"t "o-ers t*e +*ole su$3e"t o. t*e e!rlier one !n, is "le!rly inten,e, !s ! su$stitute, it +ill o&er!te to re&e!l t*e e!rlier l!+

A,'inistr!ti-e Co,e +*i"* in"or&or!te in ! unified document t*e '!3or stru"tur!l, .un"tion!l !n, &ro"e,ur!l &rin"i&les !n, rules o. %o-ern!n"e? !n, /// /// /// It !r%ues, in e..e"t, t*!t +*!t is "onte'&l!te, is only one Co,e H t*e A,'inistr!ti-e Co,e o. =GKF T*is "ontention is unten!$le T*e .!"t t*!t ! l!ter en!"t'ent '!y rel!te to t*e s!'e su$3e"t '!tter !s t*!t o. !n e!rlier st!tute is not o. itsel. su..i"ient to "!use !n i'&lie, re&e!l o. t*e &rior !"t, sin"e t*e ne+ st!tute '!y 'erely $e c$m$&,tive or , contin$,tion of t3e o&+ one W*!t is ne"ess!ry is ! '!ni.est in,i"!tion o. le%isl!ti-e &ur&ose to re&e!l @ Re%!r,in% COA "ontention t*!t re"o-ery un,er t*is su$3e"t se"tion 8EGG9 s*!ll $!r t*e re"o-ery o. $ene.its un,er t*e E'&loyeesI Co'&ens!tion Pro%r!', t*e s!'e "!nnot $e u&*el, T*e se"on, senten"e o. Arti"le =FA, C*!&ter II, Title II 8,e!lin% on E'&loyeesI Co'&ens!tion !n, St!te Insur!n"e Fun,9, Boo1 IV o. t*e L!$or Co,e, !s !'en,e, $y P D =G@=, e/&ressly &ro-i,es t*!t Jt*e &!y'ent o. "o'&ens!tion un,er t*is Title s*!ll not $!r t*e re"o-ery o. $ene.its !s &ro-i,e, .or in Se"tion EGG o. t*e Re-ise, A,'inistr!ti-e Co,e +*ose $ene.its !re !,'inistere, $y t*e syste' 8'e!nin% SSS or (SIS9 or $y ot*er !%en"ies o. t*e %o-ern'ent ;

Co'&!rin% t*e t+o Co,es, it is !&&!rent t*!t t*e ne+ Co,e ,oes not "o-er nor !tte'&t to "o-er t*e entire su$3e"t '!tter o. t*e ol, Co,e T*ere !re se-er!l '!tters tre!te, in t*e ol, Co,e +*i"* !re not .oun, in t*e ne+ Co,e, su"* !s t*e &ro-isions on not!ries &u$li", t*e le!-e l!+, !n, t*e &u$li" $on,in% l!+, 'ilit!ry reser-!tions, c&,ims for sic=ness %enefits $n+er Se"tion EGG, !n, still ot*ers A""or,in% to O&inion No FA, S =GG= o. t*e Se"ret!ry o. Dusti"e, +*!t !&&e!rs "le!r is t*e intent to "o-er only t*ose !s&e"ts o. %o-ern'ent t*!t &ert!in to !,'inistr!tion, or%!ni6!tion !n, &ro"e,ure, un,erst!n,!$ly $e"!use o. t*e '!ny "*!n%es t*!t tr!ns&ire, in t*e %o-ern'ent stru"ture sin"e t*e en!"t'ent o. t*e RAC ,e"!,es o. ye!rs !%o Moreo-er, t*e COA .!ile, to ,e'onstr!te t*!t t*e &ro-isions o. t*e t+o Co,es on t*e '!tter o. t*e su$3e"t "l!i' !re in !n irre"on"il!$le "on.li"t In .!"t, t*ere "!n $e no su"* "on.li"t $e"!use t*e &ro-ision on si"1ness $ene.its o. t*e n!ture $ein% "l!i'e, $y &etitioner *!s not $een rest!te, in t*e A,'inistr!ti-e Co,e o. =GKF L!stly, it is ! +ell)settle, rule o. st!tutory "onstru"tion t*!t re&e!ls o. st!tutes $y i'&li"!tion !re not .!-ore, 2 T*e &resu'&tion is !%!inst in"onsisten"y !n, re&u%n!n"y .or t*e le%isl!ture is &resu'e, to 1no+ t*e e/istin% l!+s on t*e su$3e"t !n, not to *!-e en!"te, in"onsistent or "on.li"tin% st!tutes NOTES: = T*e COA +oul, *!-e us "onsi,er t*!t t*e .!"t t*!t Se"tion EGG +!s not rest!te, in t*e A,'inistr!ti-e Co,e o. =GKF 'e!nt t*!t t*e s!'e se"tion *!, $een re&e!le, T*e COA !n"*ore, t*is !r%u'ent on t*e +*ere!s "l!use o. t*e =GKF Co,e, +*i"* st!tes: W5EREAS, t*e e..e"ti-eness o. t*e (o-ern'ent +ill $e en*!n"e, $y ! ne+

2) Leveri>, vs IAC/ !17 SCRA 262 2ACTS. Aroun, t*ree "ontr!"ts o. le!se resol-e t*e $!si" issues in t*e inst!nt "!se: Contract A H ! le!se "ontr!"t o. A&ril @, =GE< $et+een t*e Re&u$li" o. t*e P*ili&&ines, re&resente, $y Civi& Aeron,$tics A+ministr,tion "CAA) !n, Le-eri6! o-er ! &!r"el o. l!n, "ont!inin% !n !re! o. B,<L@ s2u!re 'eters, .or @< ye!rs Contract ' H ! le!se "ontr!"t 8in e..e"t ! su$le!se9 o. M!y @=, =GE< $et+een Le-eri6! !n, Mo$il Oil P*ili&&ines, In" , o-er t*e s!'e &!r"el o. l!n,, $ut re,u"e, to A,LLL s2u!re 'eters .or @< ye!rs? !n, Contract C / ! le!se "ontr!"t o. Dune =, =GEK $et+een ,e.en,!nt CAA !n, &l!inti.. Mo$il Oil o-er t*e s!'e &!r"el o. l!n,, $ut re,u"e, to A,LLL s2u!re 'eters, .or @< ye!rs

T*ere is no ,is&ute !'on% t*e &!rties t*!t t*e su$3e"t '!tter o. t*e t*ree "ontr!"ts o. le!se !$o-e 'entione,, Contr!"t A, Contr!"t B, !n, Contr!"t C, is t*e s!'e &!r"el o. l!n,, +it* t*e note, ,i..eren"e t*!t +*ile in Contr!"t A, t*e !re! le!se, is B,<L@ s2u!re 'eters, in Contr!"t B !n, Contr!"t C, t*e !re! *!s $een re,u"e, to A,LLL s2u!re 'eters It is i'&ort!nt to note, .or ! "le!r un,erst!n,in% o. t*e issues in-ol-e,, t*!t it !&&e!rs t*!t ,e.en,!nt CAA !s LESSOR, le!se, t*e s!'e &!r"el o. l!n,, .or ,ur!tions o. ti'e t*!t o-erl!&&e, to t+o lessees, to +it: 8=9 Le-eri6! !n, Mo$il Oil, !n, t*e l!tter, !s LESSEE, le!se, t*e s!'e &!r"el o. l!n, .ro' t+o lessors, to +it: 8=9 Le-eri6! !n, 8@9 CAA .or ,ur!tions o. ti'e t*!t !lso o-erl!&&e, Le-eri6!, t*e lessee in Contr!"t A !n, t*e lessor in Contr!"t B, is no+ ,e"e!se, T*is is t*e re!son +*y *er su""essor)in)interest, *er *eirs, !re sue, For &ur&oses o. $re-ity, t*ese ,e.en,!nts s*!ll $e re.erre, to *erein!.ter !s De.en,!nts Le-eri6! Mo$il Oil see1s t*e res"ission or "!n"ell!tion o. Contr!"t A !n, Contr!"t B on t*e %roun, t*!t Contr!"t A .ro' +*i"* Contr!"t B is ,eri-e, !n, ,e&en,s *!s !lre!,y $een "!n"elle, $y t*e ,e.en,!nt CAA !n, '!int!ins t*!t Contr!"t C +it* t*e ,e.en,!nt CAA is t*e only -!li, !n, su$sistin% "ontr!"t inso.!r !s t*e &!r"el o. l!n,, su$3e"t to t*e &resent liti%!tion is "on"erne, De.en,!nts Le-eri6!sI "l!i' t*!t Contr!"t A +*i"* is t*eir "ontr!"t +it* CAA *!s ne-er $een le%!lly "!n"elle, !n, still -!li, !n, su$sistin%? t*!t it is Contr!"t C $et+een &l!inti.. !n, ,e.en,!nt CAA +*i"* s*oul, $e ,e"l!re, -oi, CAA !sserts t*!t Contr!"t A is still -!li, !n, su$sistin% $e"!use its "!n"ell!tion $y Dur!,o +!s ine..e"ti-e !n, !s1s t*e "ourt to !nnul Contr!"t A $e"!use o. t*e -iol!tion "o''itte, $y Le-eri6! in le!sin% t*e &!r"el o. l!n, to &l!inti.. $y -irtue o. Contr!"t B +it*out t*e "onsent o. CAA CAA .urt*er !sserts t*!t Contr!"t C not *!-in% $een !&&ro-e, $y t*e Dire"tor o. Pu$li" Wor1s !n, Co''uni"!tions is not -!li, A.ter tri!l, t*e lo+er "ourts ren,ere, 3u,%'ent: = De"l!rin% Contr!"t A !s *!-in% $een -!li,ly "!n"elle, on Dune @K, =GEE, !n, *!s t*ere.ore "e!se, to *!-e !ny e..e"t !s o. t*!t ,!te?

@ De"l!rin% t*!t Contr!"t B *!s li1e+ise "e!se, to *!-e !ny e..e"t !s o. Dune @K, =GEE $e"!use o. t*e "!n"ell!tion o. Contr!"t A? A De"l!rin% t*!t Contr!"t C +!s -!li,ly entere, into on Dune =, =GEK, !n, t*!t it is still -!li, !n, su$sistin%? CAA .ile, ! Motion .or Re"onsi,er!tion, !-errin% t*!t $e"!use t*e lot le!se +!s &ro&erly re%istere, in t*e n!'e o. t*e Re&u$li" o. t*e P*ili&&ines, it +!s only t*e Presi,ent o. t*e P*ili&&ines or !n o..i"er ,uly ,esi%n!te, $y *i' +*o "oul, e/e"ute t*e le!se "ontr!"t &ursu!nt to Sec. 107 of t3e Revise+ A+ministr,tive Co+e? t*!t t*e Air&ort (ener!l M!n!%er *!s no !ut*ority to "!n"el Contr!"t A, t*e "ontr!"t entere, into $et+een t*e CAA !n, Le-eri6!, !n, t*!t Contr!"t C $et+een t*e CAA !n, Mo$il +!s -oi, .or not *!-in% $een !&&ro-e, $y t*e Se"ret!ry o. Pu$li" Wor1s !n, Co''uni"!tions S!i, 'otion +!s *o+e-er ,enie, On !&&e!l, t*e IAC !..ir'e, in toto t*e ,e"ision o. t*e lo+er "ourt 5en"e t*is &etition .or Re-ie+ on "ertior!ri ISS9E. T*ere is no ,is&ute t*!t Contr!"t A !t t*e ti'e o. its e/e"ution +!s ! -!li, "ontr!"t T*e issue t*ere.ore is +*et*er or not s!i, "ontr!"t is still su$sistin% !.ter its "!n"ell!tion $y CAA on t*e %roun, o. ! su$le!se e/e"ute, $y &etitioners +it* Mo$il Oil 8CONTRACT B9 +it*out t*e "onsent o. CAA !n, t*e e/e"ution o. !not*er "ontr!"t o. le!se $et+een CAA !n, Mo$il Oil 8CONTRACT C9 T*e issue n!rro+s ,o+n to: WON t*ere is ! -!li, %roun, .or t*e "!n"ell!tion o. Contr!"t A :ELD. ?ES. T*e &etition is DISMISSED .or l!"1 o. 'erit !n, t*e ,e"ision o. t*e Court o. A&&e!ls !&&e!le, .ro' is AFFIRMED in toto. Contr!"t A +!s entere, into $y CAA !s t*e lessor !n, t*e Le-eri6!s !s t*e lessee s&e"i.i"!lly J.or t*e &ur&ose o. o&er!tin% !n, '!n!%in% ! %!soline st!tion $y t*e l!tter, to ser-e -e*i"les %oin% in !n, out o. t*e !ir&ort ; As re%!r,s &rior "onsent o. t*e lessor to t*e tr!ns.er o. ri%*ts to t*e le!se, &re'ises, t*e &ro-ision o. &!r!%r!&* F o. s!i, Contr!"t re!,s in .ull: F T*e P!rty o. t*e Se"on, &!rt '!y tr!ns.er *er ri%*ts to t*e le!se, &re'ises $ut in su"* e-entu!lity, t*e "onsent o. t*e P!rty o. t*e First P!rt s*!ll .irst $e se"ure, In !ny e-ent, su"*

tr!ns.er o. ri%*ts s*!ll *!-e to res&e"t t*e ter's !n, "on,itions o. t*is !%ree'ent P!r!%r!&* K &ro-i,es t*e s!n"tion .or t*e -iol!tion o. t*e !$o-e)'entione, ter's !n, "on,itions o. t*e "ontr!"t S!i, &!r!%r!&* re!,s: K F!ilure on t*e &!rt o. t*e P!rty o. t*e Se"on, P!rt to "o'&ly +it* t*e ter's !n, "on,itions *erein !%ree, u&on s*!ll $e s$fficient for revoc,tion o. t*is "ontr!"t $y t*e P!rty o. t*e First P!rt +it*out nee, o. 3u,i"i!l ,e'!n, It is not ,is&ute, t*!t t*e Le-eri6!s 8lessees9 entere, into ! "ontr!"t o. su$le!se 8Contr!"t B9 +it* Mo$il Oil +it*out t*e "onsent o. CAA 8lessor9 T*e "!n"ell!tion o. t*e "ontr!"t +!s '!,e in ! letter $y Dur!,o, Air&ort (ener!l M!n!%er o. CAA !,,resse, to Ros!rio Le-eri6! Res&on,ent Le-eri6!s !n, t*e CAA !ss!ile, t*e -!li,ity o. su"* "!n"ell!tion, "l!i'in% t*!t t*e Air&ort (ener!l M!n!%er *!, no le%!l !ut*ority to '!1e t*e "!n"ell!tion T*ey '!int!in t*!t it is only t*e 8=9 Se"ret!ry o. Pu$li" Wor1s !n, Co''uni"!tions, !"tin% .or t*e Presi,ent, or $y ,ele%!tion o. &o+er, t*e 8@9 Dire"tor o. CCA +*o "oul, -!li,ly "!n"el t*e "ontr!"t Petitioners !r%ue t*!t "!n"ellin% or settin% !si,e ! "ontr!"t !&&ro-e, $y t*e Se"ret!ry is, in e..e"t, re&e!lin% !n !"t o. t*e Se"ret!ry +*i"* is $eyon, t*e !ut*ority o. t*e A,'inistr!tor Su"* !r%u'ent is unten!$le T*e ter's !n, "on,itions un,er +*i"* su"* re-o"!tion or "!n"ell!tion '!y $e '!,e, *!-e !lre!,y $een s#ecific,&&5 #rovi+e+ .or in Contr!"t JA; +*i"* *!s !lre!,y $een !&&ro-e, $y t*e De&!rt'ent 5e!,, It is e-i,ent t*!t in t*e i'&le'ent!tion o. !.ores!i, "ontr!"t, t*e !&&ro-!l o. s!i, De&!rt'ent 5e!, is no lon%er ne"ess!ry i. not re,un,!nt NOTES. = It is .urt*er "onten,e, t*!t e-en %r!ntin% t*!t su"* "!n"ell!tion +!s e..e"ti-e, ! su$se2uent $illin% $y t*e A""ountin% De&!rt'ent o. t*e CAA *!s in e..e"t +!i-e, or nulli.ie, t*e res"ission o. Contr!"t JA ;

Petitioners .urt*er !ss!il t*e inter&ret!tion o. Contr!"t JA;, "l!i'in% t*!t Contr!"t JB; +!s ! 'ere su$le!se to Mo$il Oil !n, re2uires no &rior "onsent o. CAA to &er.e"t t*e s!'e Citin% Arti"le =E<L o. t*e Ci-il Co,e, t*ey !ssert t*!t t*e &ro*i$ition to su$le!se 'ust $e e/&resse, !n, "!nnot $e 'erely i'&lie, or in.erre,

As "orre"tly .oun, $y t*e Court o. A&&e!ls, &etitioners in !ssertin% t*e non) ne"essity .or ! &rior "onsent inter&rets t*e .irst senten"e o. &!r!%r!&* F o. Contr!"t JA; to re.er to !n !ssi%n'ent o. le!se un,er Arti"le =EBG o. t*e Ci-il Co,e !n, not to ! 'ere su$le!se A "!re.ul s"rutiny o. s!i, &!r!%r!&* o. Contr!"t JA; "le!rly s*o+s t*!t it s&e!1s o. tr!ns.er o. ri%*ts o. Ros!rio Le-eri6! to t*e le!se, &re'ises !n, not to !ssi%n'ent o. t*e le!se A Petitioners li1e+ise !r%ue, t*!t it +!s "onte'&l!te, $y t*e &!rties to Contr!"t JA; t*!t Mo$il Oil +oul, $e t*e o+ner o. t*e %!soline st!tion it +oul, "onstru"t on t*e le!se, &re'ises ,urin% t*e &erio, o. t*e le!se, *en"e, it is un,erstoo, t*!t it 'ust $e %i-en ! ri%*t to use !n, o""u&y t*e lot in 2uestion in t*e .or' o. ! su$)le!se

In Contr!"t JA;, it +!s "!te%ori"!lly st!te, t*!t it is t*e lessee 8&etitioner9 +*o +ill '!n!%e !n, o&er!te t*e %!soline st!tion T*e .!"t t*!t Mo$il Oil +!s 'entione, in t*!t "ontr!"t +!s "le!rly not inten+e+ to 4ive ,##rov,& to , s$%&e,se $et+een &etitioners !n, s!i, "o'&!ny $ut r!t*er to insure t*!t in t*e !rr!n%e'ents to $e '!,e $et+een t*e', it 'ust $e un,erstoo, t*!t !.ter t*e e/&ir!tion o. t*e le!se "ontr!"t, +*!te-er i'&ro-e'ents *!-e $een "onstru"te, in t*e le!se, &re'ises s*!ll $e relin2uis*e, to CAA T*us, t*is Court *el, t*!t Jt*e &ri'!ry !n, ele'ent!ry rule o. "onstru"tion o. ,o"u'ents is t*!t +*en t*e +or,s or l!n%u!%e t*ereo. is "le!r !n, &l!in or re!,ily un,erst!n,!$le $y !ny or,in!ry re!,er t*ereo., t*ere is !$solutely no roo' .or inter&ret!tion or "onstru"tion !ny'ore

4. Fin!lly,

T*e $illin% o. t*e &etitioners $y t*e A""ountin% De&!rt'ent o. t*e CAA i. in,ee, it tr!ns&ire,, !.ter t*e "!n"ell!tion o. Contr!"t JA; is o$-iously !n error 5o+e-er, t*is Court *!s !lre!,y rule, t*!t t*e 'ist!1es o. %o-ern'ent &ersonnel s*oul, not !..e"t &u$li" interest

&etitioners "onten, t*!t t*e !,'inistr!tor o. CAA "!nnot e/e"ute +it*out !&&ro-!l o. t*e De&!rt'ent Se"ret!ry, ! -!li, "ontr!"t o. le!se o-er re!l &ro&erty o+ne, $y t*e Re&u$li" o. t*e P*ili&&ines, "itin% t3e Revise+ A+ministr,tive Co+e, +*i"* &ro-i,e t*!t Un,er <EF o. t*e Re-ise,

A,'inistr!ti-e Co,e, su"* "ontr!"t o. le!se 'ust $e e/e"ute,: 8=9 $y t*e Presi,ent o. t*e P*ili&&ines, or 8@9 $y !n o..i"er ,uly ,esi%n!te, $y *i' or 8A9 $y !n o..i"er e/&ressly -este, $y l!+ On t*e ot*er *!n,, res&on,ent CAA !-ers t*!t t*e CAA A,'inistr!tor 3,s t3e ,$t3orit5 to le!se re!l &ro&erty $elon%in% to t*e RP un,er its !,'inistr!tion e-en +it*out t*e !&&ro-!l o. t*e Se"ret!ry o. Pu$li" Wor1s !n, Co''uni"!tions, +*i"* !ut*ority is e/&ressly -este, in it $y l!+, 'ore &!rti"ul!rly Se"tion A@ 8@B9 o. Re#$%&ic Act 770/ +*i"* re!,s: Se" A@ 0o+ers and &uties of the Administrator. / Su$3e"t to t*e %ener!l "ontrol !n, su&er-ision o. t*e De&!rt'ent 5e!,, t*e A,'inistr!tor s*!ll *!-e, !'on% ot*ers, t*e .ollo+in% &o+ers !n, ,uties: /// /// /// 8@B9 To !,'inister, o&er!te, '!n!%e, "ontrol, '!int!in !n, ,e-elo& t*e M!nil! Intern!tion!l Air&ort !n, !ll %o-ern'ent !ero,ro'es e/"e&t t*ose "ontrolle, or o&er!te, $y t*e Ar'e, For"es o. t*e P*ili&&ines in"lu,in% su"* &o+er !n, ,uties !s: M 8$9 to enter into, '!1e !n, e/e"ute "ontr!"ts o. !ny 1in, +it* !ny &erson, .ir', or &u$li" or &ri-!te "or&or!tion or entity? 8"9 to !"2uire, *ol,, &ur"*!se, or le!se !ny &erson!l or re!l &ro&erty? ri%*t o. +!ys, !n, e!se'ents +*i"* '!y $e &ro&er or ne"ess!ry: Pro-i,e,, t*!t no re!l &ro&erty t*us !"2uire, !n, !ny ot*er re!l &ro&erty o. t*e Ci-il Aeron!uti"s A,'inistr!tion s*!ll $e sol, +it*out t*e !&&ro-!l o. t*e Presi,ent o. t*e P*ili&&ines M T*ere is no ,is&ute t*!t t*e Re-ise, A,'inistr!ti-e Co,e is ! %ener!l l!+ +*ile Re&u$li" A"t FFE is ! s&e"i!l l!+ nor in t*e .!"t t*!t t*e re!l &ro&erty su$3e"t o. t*e le!se in Contr!"t JC; is re!l &ro&erty $elon%in% to t*e Re&u$li" o. t*e P*ili&&ines It is re!,ily !&&!rent t*!t in t*e "!se !t $!r, t*e CAA *!s t*e !ut*ority to enter into Contr!"ts o. Le!se .or t*e %o-ern'ent un,er t*e t*ir, "!te%ory 8Art <EF 9T*us, !s "orre"tly rule, $y t*e Court o. A&&e!ls, t*e CAA *!s t*e &o+er to e/e"ute t*e ,ee, or "ontr!"t in-ol-in% le!ses o. re!l &ro&erties $elon%in% to t*e RP, not $e"!use

it is !n entity ,uly ,esi%n!te, $y t*e Presi,ent $ut $e"!use t*e s!i, !ut*ority to e/e"ute t*e s!'e is, $y l!+ e/&ressly -este, in it, +*i"* in t*is "!se is RA FFE Un,er t*e !$o-e)"ite, Se"tion A@ 8&!r @B9 o. Re&u$li" A"t FFE, t*e A,'inistr!tor 8Dire"tor9 o. t*e CAA $y re!son o. its "re!tion !n, e/isten"e, !,'inisters &ro&erties $elon%in% to t*e RP !n, it is on t*ese &ro&erties t*!t t*e A,'inistr!tor 'ust e/er"ise *is -!st &o+er !n, ,is"*!r%e *is ,uty to enter into, '!1e !n, e/e"ute "ontr!"t o. !ny 1in, +it* !ny &erson, .ir', or &u$li" or &ri-!te "or&or!tion or entity !n, to !"2uire, *ol,, &ur"*!se, or le!se !ny &erson!l or re!l &ro&erty, ri%*t o. +!ys !n, e!se'ents +*i"* '!y $e &ro&er or ne"ess!ry 8T*e e/"e&tion, *o+e-er, is t*e s!le o. &ro&erties !"2uire, $y CAA or !ny ot*er re!l &ro&erties o. t*e s!'e +*i"* 'ust *!-e t*e !&&ro-!l o. t*e Presi,ent o. t*e P*ili&&ines 9 T*e Court o. !&&e!ls too1 "o%ni6!n"e o. t*e stri1in% !$sen"e o. su"* &ro-iso in t*e ot*er tr!ns!"tions "onte'&l!te, in &!r!%r!&* 8@B9 !n, is "on-in"e, !s +e !re, t*!t t*e Dire"tor o. t*e CAA +oes not nee+ t3e #rior ,##rov,& of t3e Presi+ent or t3e Secret,r5 o. Pu$li" Wor1s !n, Co''uni"!tions in t*e e/e"ution o. Contr!"t JC ; In t*is re%!r,, t*is Court, rule, t*!t !not*er $!si" &rin"i&le o. st!tutory "onstru"tion '!n,!tes t*!t %ener!l le%isl!tion 'ust %i-e +!y to s&e"i!l le%isl!tion on t*e s!'e su$3e"t, !n, %ener!lly $e so inter&rete, !s to e'$r!"e only "!ses in +*i"* t*e s&e"i!l &ro-isions !re not !&&li"!$le? t*!t s&e"i.i" st!tute &re-!ils o-er ! %ener!l ? !n, t*!t +*ere t+o st!tutes !re o. e2u!l t*eoreti"!l !&&li"!tion to ! &!rti"ul!r "!se, t*e one ,esi%ne, t*ere.or s&e"i!lly s*oul, &re-!il @) L$>on Deve&o#ment A,n= vs Assoc. of LDA Em#&o5ees/ 0' SCAD (!6 or 2'( SCRA !02

2ACTS. Fro' ! su$'ission !%ree'ent o. t*e LDB !n, t*e Asso"i!tion o. Lu6on De-elo&'ent B!n1 E'&loyees 8ALDBE9 !rose !n !r$itr!tion "!se to resol-e t*e .ollo+in% issue: W*et*er or not t*e "o'&!ny *!s -iol!te, t*e CBA &ro-ision !n, t*e MOA on &ro'otion At ! "on.eren"e, t*e &!rties !%ree, on t*e su$'ission o. t*eir res&e"ti-e Position P!&ers Atty

(!r"i!, in *er "!&!"ity !s Volunt!ry Ar$itr!tor, re"ei-e, ALDBEIs Position P!&er ? LDB, on t*e ot*er *!n,, .!ile, to su$'it its Position P!&er ,es&ite ! letter .ro' t*e Volunt!ry Ar$itr!tor re'in,in% t*e' to ,o so As o. M!y @A, =GG< no Position P!&er *!, $een .ile, $y LDB Wit*out LDBIs Position P!&er, t*e Volunt!ry Ar$itr!tor ren,ere, ! ,e"ision ,is&osin% !s .ollo+s: W5EREFORE, .in,in% is *ere$y '!,e t*!t t*e B!n1 *!s not !,*ere, to t*e CBA &ro-ision nor t*e MOA on &ro'otion 5en"e, t*is &etition .or certiorari !n, &ro*i$ition see1in% to set !si,e t*e ,e"ision o. t*e Volunt!ry Ar$itr!tor !n, to &ro*i$it *er .ro' en.or"in% t*e s!'e ISS9E. WON ! -olunt!ry !r$iterIs !&&e!l!$le to t*e CA !n, not t*e SC ,e"ision is

status of a 5uasi*,udicial a$enc% $ut in,e&en,ent o., !n, !&!rt .ro', t*e NLRC sin"e *is ,e"isions !re not !&&e!l!$le to t*e l!tter Section ( of A.P. A&4. !2(, !s !'en,e, $y Re&u$li" Act No. 7( 2, &ro-i,es t*!t t*e Court o. A&&e!ls s*!ll e/er"ise: 8B9 E/"lusi-e !&&ell!te 3uris,i"tion o-er !ll .in!l 3u,%'ents, ,e"isions, resolutions, or,ers or !+!r,s o. RTCs !n, C$,si8B$+ici,& ,4encies/ instr$ment,&ities/ $o!r,s or "o''issions, in"lu,in% t*e Se"urities !n, E/"*!n%e Co''ission, t*e E'&loyees Co'&ens!tion Co''ission !n, t*e Ci-il Ser-i"e Co''ission, e/"e&t t*ose .!llin% +it*in t*e !&&ell!te 3uris,i"tion o. t*e Su&re'e Court in !""or,!n"e +it* t*e Constitution, t*e L!$or Co,e o. t*e P*ili&&ines un,er Presi,enti!l De"ree No BB@, !s !'en,e,, t*e &ro-isions o. t*is A"t, !n, o. su$&!r!%r!&* 8=9 o. t*e t*ir, &!r!%r!&* !n, su$&!r!%r!&* 8B9 o. t*e .ourt* &!r!%r!&* o. Se"tion =F o. t*e Du,i"i!ry A"t o. =GBK Assu'in% ar$uendo t*!t t*e -olunt!ry !r$itr!tor or t*e &!nel o. -olunt!ry !r$itr!tors '!y not stri"tly $e "onsi,ere, !s ! 2u!si)3u,i"i!l !%en"y, $o!r, or "o''ission, still $ot* *e !n, t*e &!nel !re "o'&re*en,e, +it*in t*e "on"e&t o. ! J2u!si)3u,i"i!l instru'ent!lity ; An Dinstr$ment,&it5; is !nyt*in% use, !s ! 'e!ns or !%en"y T*us, t*e ter's %o-ern'ent!l J!%en"y; or Jinstru'ent!lity; !re synony'ous in t*e sense t*!t eit*er o. t*e' is ! 'e!ns $y +*i"* ! %o-ern'ent !"ts, or $y +*i"* ! "ert!in %o-ern'ent !"t or .un"tion is &er.or'e, T3e -or+ Dinstr$ment,&it5/E -it3 res#ect to , st,te/ contem#&,tes ,n ,$t3orit5 to -3ic3 t3e st,te +e&e4,tes 4overnment,& #o-er for t3e #erform,nce of , st,te f$nction An in,i-i,u!l &erson, li1e !n !,'inistr!tor or e/e"utor, is ! 3u,i"i!l instru'ent!lity in t*e settlin% o. !n est!te, in t*e s!'e '!nner t*!t ! su$)!%ent !&&ointe, $y ! $!n1ru&t"y "ourt is !n instru'ent!lity o. t*e "ourt, !n, ! trustee in $!n1ru&t"y o. ! ,e.un"t "or&or!tion is !n instru'ent!lity o. t*e st!te T*e -olunt!ry !r$itr!tor no less &er.or's ! st!te .un"tion &ursu!nt to ! %o-ern'ent!l &o+er ,ele%!te, to *i' un,er t*e &ro-isions t*ere.or in t*e L!$or Co,e !n, *e .!lls, t*ere.ore, +it*in t*e "onte'&l!tion o. t*e ter' Jinstru'ent!lity; in t*e !.ore2uote, Se" G o. B P =@G T*e .!"t t*!t *is .un"tions !n, &o+ers !re &ro-i,e, .or in t*e L!$or Co,e ,oes not &l!"e *i'

:ELD. ?ES/ t*e Court resol-e, to REFER t*is "!se to t*e Court o. A&&e!ls T*e 3uris,i"tion "on.erre, $y l!+ on ! -olunt!ry !r$itr!tor or ! &!nel o. su"* !r$itr!tors is 2uite li'ite, "o'&!re, to t*e ori%in!l 3uris,i"tion o. t*e l!$or !r$iter !n, t*e !&&ell!te 3uris,i"tion o. t*e NLRC .or t*!t '!tter T*e J8,9e"ision, !+!r,s, or or,ers o. t*e L!$or Ar$iter !re .in!l !n, e/e"utory $n&ess ,##e,&e+ to t*e Co''ission M; 5en"e, +*ile t*ere is !n e/&ress 'o,e o. !&&e!l .ro' t*e ,e"ision o. ! l!$or !r$iter, Re#$%&ic Act No. 07!1 is silent +it* res&e"t to !n !&&e!l .ro' t*e ,e"ision o. ! -olunt!ry !r$itr!tor 7et, &!st &r!"ti"e s*o+s t*!t ! ,e"ision or !+!r, o. ! -olunt!ry !r$itr!tor is, 'ore o.ten t*!n not, ele-!te, to t*e SC itsel. on ! &etition .or certiorari, in e..e"t e2u!tin% t*e -olunt!ry !r$itr!tor +it* t*e NLRC or t*e CA In t*e -ie+ o. t*e Court, t*is is illo%i"!l !n, i'&oses !n unne"ess!ry $ur,en u&on it In 1ol-schel #abor 2nion, et al v "#RC, et al , 6 on t*e settle, &re'ise t*!t t*e B$+4ments of co$rts ,n+ ,-,r+s of C$,si8B$+ici,& ,4encies 'ust $e"o'e .in!l !t so'e ,e.inite ti'e, t*is Court rule, t*!t t*e !+!r,s o. -olunt!ry !r$itr!tors ,eter'ine t*e ri%*ts o. &!rties? *en"e, t*eir ,e"isions *!-e t*e s!'e le%!l e..e"t !s 3u,%'ents o. ! "ourt In (ceanic 'ic &ivision (334 , et al v Romero, et al , t*is Court rule, t*!t J! -olunt!ry !r$itr!tor $y t*e n!ture o. *er .un"tions !"ts in ! 2u!si)3u,i"i!l "!&!"ity ; Un,er t*ese rulin%s, it .ollo+s t*!t t*e -olunt!ry !r$itr!tor, +*et*er !"tin% solely or in ! &!nel, en3oys in l!+ the

+it*in t*e e/"e&tions to s!i, Se" G sin"e *e is ! 2u!si)3u,i"i!l instru'ent!lity !s "onte'&l!te, t*erein It +ill $e note, t*!t, !lt*ou%* t*e E'&loyees Co'&ens!tion Co''ission is !lso &ro-i,e, .or in t*e L!$or Co,e, Cir"ul!r No =)G=, +*i"* is t*e .orerunner o. t*e &resent Re-ise, A,'inistr!ti-e Cir"ul!r No !8(1, l!i, ,o+n t*e &ro"e,ure .or t*e !&&e!l!$ility o. its ,e"isions to t*e CA un,er t*e .ore%oin% r!tion!li6!tion, !n, t*is +!s l!ter !,o&te, $y Re&u$li" A"t No FGL@ in !'en,in% Se" G o. B P =@G A fortiori, t*e ,e"ision or !+!r, o. t*e -olunt!ry !r$itr!tor or &!nel o. !r$itr!tors s*oul, li1e+ise $e !&&e!l!$le to t*e CA, in line +it* t*e &ro"e,ure outline, in Re-ise, A,'inistr!ti-e Cir"ul!r No !8(1, 3ust li1e t*ose o. t*e 2u!si)3u,i"i!l !%en"ies, $o!r,s !n, "o''issions enu'er!te, t*erein In t*e s!'e -ein, it is +ort* 'entionin% t*!t un,er Se"tion @@ o. Re&u$li" A"t No KFE, !lso 1no+n !s t*e Ar$itr!tion L!+, !r$itr!tion is ,ee'e, ! s&e"i!l &ro"ee,in% o. +*i"* t*e "ourt s&e"i.ie, in t*e "ontr!"t or su$'ission, or if none %e s#ecifie+/ t3e RTC .or t*e &ro-in"e or "ity in +*i"* one o. t*e &!rties resi,es or is ,oin% $usiness, or in +*i"* t*e !r$itr!tion is *el,, s*!ll *!-e 3uris,i"tion In e..e"t, t*is e2u!tes t*e !+!r, or ,e"ision o. t*e -olunt!ry !r$itr!tor +it* t*!t o. t*e RTC Conse2uently, in ! &etition .or certiorari .ro' t*!t !+!r, or ,e"ision, t*e CA 'ust $e ,ee'e, to *!-e "on"urrent 3uris,i"tion +it* t*e SC As ! '!tter o. &oli"y, t*is Court s*!ll *en"e.ort* re'!n, to t*e Court o. A&&e!ls &etitions o. t*is n!ture .or &ro&er ,is&osition NOTES. = In l!$or l!+ "onte/t, !r$itr!tion is t*e re.eren"e o. ! l!$or ,is&ute to !n i'&!rti!l t*ir, &erson .or ,eter'in!tion on t*e $!sis o. e-i,en"e !n, !r%u'ents &resente, $y su"* &!rties +*o *!-e $oun, t*e'sel-es to !""e&t t*e ,e"ision o. t*e !r$itr!tor !s .in!l !n, $in,in% Ar$itr!tion '!y $e "l!ssi.ie,, on t*e $!sis o. t*e o$li%!tion on +*i"* it is $!se,, !s eit*er "o'&ulsory or -olunt!ry

t*ir, &!rty +*ose ,e"ision is .in!l !n, $in,in% on t*e &!rties, $ut in "o'&ulsory !r$itr!tion, su"* ! t*ir, &!rty is nor'!lly !&&ointe, $y t*e %o-ern'ent Un,er -olunt!ry !r$itr!tion, on t*e ot*er *!n,, re.err!l o. ! ,is&ute $y t*e &!rties is '!,e, &ursu!nt to ! -olunt!ry !r$itr!tion "l!use in t*eir "olle"ti-e !%ree'ent, to !n i'&!rti!l t*ir, &erson .or ! .in!l !n, $in,in% resolution 2 I,e!lly, !r$itr!tion !+!r,s !re su&&ose, to $e "o'&lie, +it* $y $ot* &!rties +it*out ,el!y, su"* t*!t on"e !n !+!r, *!s $een ren,ere, $y !n !r$itr!tor, not*in% is le.t to $e ,one $y $ot* &!rties $ut to "o'&ly +it* t*e s!'e A.ter !ll, t*ey !re &resu'e, to *!-e .reely "*osen !r$itr!tion !s t*e 'o,e o. settle'ent .or t*!t &!rti"ul!r ,is&ute Pursu!nt t*ereto, t*ey *!-e "*osen ! 'utu!lly !""e&t!$le !r$itr!tor +*o s*!ll *e!r !n, ,e"i,e t*eir "!se A$o-e !ll, t*ey *!-e 'utu!lly !%ree, to $e $oun, $y s!i, !r$itr!torIs ,e"ision @ Arti"le @E= o. t*e L!$or Co,e !""or,in%ly &ro-i,es .or e/"lusi-e ori%in!l 3uris,i"tion o. su"* -olunt!ry !r$itr!tor or &!nel o. !r$itr!tors o-er

8=9 t*e inter&ret!tion or i'&le'ent!tion o. t*e CBA !n, 8@9 t*e inter&ret!tion or en.or"e'ent o. "o'&!ny &ersonnel &oli"ies Artic&e 202 !ut*ori6es t*e', $ut only u&on !%ree'ent o. t*e &!rties, to e/er"ise 3uris,i"tion o-er ot*er l!$or ,is&utes On t*e ot*er *!n,, ! l!$or !r$iter un,er Artic&e 2!7 o. t*e L!$or Co,e *!s 3uris,i"tion o-er t*e .ollo+in% enu'er!te, "!ses: 8!9 E/"e&t !s ot*er+ise &ro-i,e, un,er t*is Co,e t*e L!$or Ar$iters s*!ll *!-e ori%in!l !n, e/"lusi-e 3uris,i"tion to *e!r !n, ,e"i,e, +it*in t*irty 8AL9 "!len,!r ,!ys !.ter t*e su$'ission o. t*e "!se $y t*e &!rties .or ,e"ision +it*out e/tension, e-en in t*e !$sen"e o. steno%r!&*i" notes, t*e .ollo+in% "!ses in-ol-in% !ll +or1ers, +*et*er !%ri"ultur!l or non)!%ri"ultur!l: = @ Un.!ir l!$or &r!"ti"e "!ses? Ter'in!tion ,is&utes?

Co'&ulsory !r$itr!tion is ! syste' +*ere$y t*e &!rties to ! ,is&ute !re "o'&elle, $y t*e %o-ern'ent to .ore%o t*eir ri%*t to stri1e !n, !re "o'&elle, to !""e&t t*e resolution o. t*eir ,is&ute t*rou%* !r$itr!tion $y ! t*ir, &!rty ! T*e essen"e o. !r$itr!tion re'!ins sin"e ! resolution o. ! ,is&ute is !rri-e, !t $y resort to ! ,isintereste,

I. !""o'&!nie, +it* ! "l!i' .or reinst!te'ent, t*ose "!ses t*!t +or1ers '!y .ile in-ol-in% +!%es, r!tes o. &!y, *ours o. +or1 !n, ot*er ter's !n, "on,itions o. e'&loy'ent? Cl!i's .or !"tu!l, 'or!l, e/e'&l!ry !n, ot*er .or's o. ,!'!%es !risin% .ro' t*e e'&loyer) e'&loyee rel!tions? C!ses !risin% .ro' !ny -iol!tion o. Arti"le @EB o. t*is Co,e, in"lu,in% 2uestions in-ol-in% t*e le%!lity o. stri1es !n, lo"1outs? E/"e&t "l!i's .or E'&loyees Co'&ens!tion, So"i!l Se"urity, Me,i"!re !n, '!ternity $ene.its, !ll ot*er "l!i's, !risin% .ro' e'&loyer)e'&loyee rel!tions, in"lu,in% t*ose o. &ersons in ,o'esti" or *ouse*ol, ser-i"e, in-ol-in% !n !'ount e/"ee,in% .i-e t*ous!n, &esos 8P<,LLL LL9 re%!r,less o. +*et*er !""o'&!nie, +it* ! "l!i' .or reinst!te'ent

<

Sin"e "ert!in &ortions o. t*e &u$li" l!n, su$3e"t '!tter Pro"l!'!tion No @@AG +ere o""u&ie, $y ! non)o&er!tion!l "*e'i"!l .ertili6er &l!nt !n, rel!te, .!"ilities o+ne, $y M!ri! Cristin! Fertili6er Cor&or!tion 8JMCFC;9, Letter o. Instru"tion 8LOI9, No =@FF, +!s issue, ,ire"tin% t*e NSC to Jne%oti!te +it* t*e o+ners o. MCFC, for and on behalf of the Government, .or t*e "o'&ens!tion o. MCFCIs &resent o""u&!n"y ri%*ts on t*e su$3e"t l!n, ; LOI No =@FF !lso ,ire"te, t*!t s*oul, NSC !n, &ri-!te res&on,ent MCFC .!il to re!"* !n !%ree'ent +it*in ! &erio, o. si/ty 8EL9 ,!ys .ro' t*e ,!te o. LOI No =@FF, &etitioner ISA +!s to e/er"ise its &o+er o. e'inent ,o'!in un,er P D No @F@ !n, to initi!te e/&ro&ri!tion &ro"ee,in%s in res&e"t o. o""u&!n"y ri%*ts o. &ri-!te res&on,ent MCFC rel!tin% to t*e su$3e"t &u$li" l!n, !s +ell !s t*e &l!nt itsel. !n, rel!te, .!"ilities !n, to "e,e t*e s!'e to t*e NSC Ne%oti!tions $et+een NSC !n, &ri-!te res&on,ent MCFC ,i, .!il A""or,in%ly ISA "o''en"e, e'inent ,o'!in &ro"ee,in%s !%!inst MCFC in t*e RTC o. Ili%!n City, &r!yin% t*!t it $e &l!"e, in &ossession o. t*e &ro&erty in-ol-e, u&on ,e&ositin% in "ourt re&resentin% ten &er"ent 8=L>9 o. t*e ,e"l!re, '!r1et -!lues o. t*!t &ro&erty A +rit o. &ossession +!s issue, $y t*e tri!l "ourt in .!-or o. ISA ISA in turn &l!"e, NSC in &ossession !n, "ontrol o. t*e l!n, o""u&ie, $y MCFCIs .ertili6er &l!nt inst!ll!tion T*e "!se &ro"ee,e, to tri!l W*ile t*e tri!l +!s on%oin%, *o+e-er, t*e st,t$tor5 e<istence of #etitioner ISA e<#ire+. MCFC t*en .ile, ! 'otion to ,is'iss, "onten,in% t*!t no -!li, 3u,%'ent "oul, $e ren,ere, !%!inst ISA +*i"* *!, "e!se, to $e ! 3uri,i"!l &erson Petitioner ISA .ile, its o&&osition to t*is 'otion T*e tri!l "ourt %r!nte, MCFCIs 'otion to ,is'iss !n, ,i, ,is'iss t*e "!se T*e ,is'iss!l +!s !n"*ore, on t*e &ro-ision o. t*e Rules o. Court st!tin% t*!t Jonly n!tur!l or 3uri,i"!l &ersons or entities !ut*ori6e, $y l!+ '!y $e &!rties in ! "i-il "!se ; Petitioner ISA 'o-e, .or re"onsi,er!tion +*i"* t*e tri!l "ourt ,enie, ISA +ent on !&&e!l to t*e CA, +*i"* !..ir'e, t*e or,er o. ,is'iss!l o. t*e tri!l "ourt At t*e s!'e ti'e, *o+e-er, t*e Court o. A&&e!ls *el, t*!t it +!s &re'!ture .or t*e tri!l "ourt to *!-e rule, t*!t t*e e/&ro&ri!tion suit +!s not .or ! &u$li" &ur&ose,

') Iron ,n+ Stee& A$t3orit5 vs CA/ 2'( SCRA 1@6 2ACTS. Iron !n, Steel Aut*ority 8ISA9 +!s "re!te, $y P D No @F@ in or,er, %ener!lly, to ,e-elo& !n, &ro'ote t*e iron !n, steel in,ustry in t*e P*ili&&ines T*e list o. &o+ers !n, .un"tions o. t*e ISA in"lu,e, t*e .ollo+in%: // Se" B 0o+ers and 3unctions C T*e !ut*ority s*!ll *!-e t*e .ollo+in% &o+ers !n, .un"tions: // 839 to initiate e6propriation of land re5uired for basic iron and steel facilities for subse5uent resale and7or lease to the companies involved i. it is s*o+n t*!t su"* use o. t*e St!teIs &o+er is ne"ess!ry to i'&le'ent t*e "onstru"tion o. "!&!"ity +*i"* is nee,e, .or t*e !tt!in'ent o. t*e o$3e"ti-es o. t*e Aut*ority? // T*e N!tion!l Steel Cor&or!tion 8NSC9 t*en ! +*olly o+ne, su$si,i!ry o. t*e N!tion!l De-elo&'ent Cor&or!tion +*i"* is itsel. !n entity +*olly o+ne, $y t*e N!tion!l (o-ern'ent, e'$!r1e, on !n e/&!nsion &ro%r!' e'$r!"in%, !'on% ot*er t*in%s, t*e "onstru"tion o. !n inte%r!te, steel 'ill in Ili%!n City Pursu!nt to t*e e/&!nsion &ro%r!' o. t*e NSC, Pro" No @@AG +!s issue, $y t*e Presi,ent o. t*e P*ili&&ines +it*,r!+in% .ro' s!le or settle'ent ! l!r%e tr!"t o. &u$li" lo"!te, in Ili%!n City, !n, reser-in% t*!t l!n, .or t*e use !n, i''e,i!te o""u&!n"y o. NSC

"onsi,erin% t*!t t*e &!rties *!, not yet reste, t*eir res&e"ti-e "!ses 5en"e t*is Petition .or Re-ie+ ISS9E. WON t*e RP is entitle, to $e su$stitute, .or ISA in -ie+ o. t*e e/&ir!tion o. ISAIs ter' :ELD. 7ES T*e De"ision o. t*e CA to t*e e/tent t*!t it !..ir'e, t*e tri!l "ourtIs or,er ,is'issin% t*e e/&ro&ri!tion &ro"ee,in%s, is *ere$y REVERSED !n, SET ASIDE !n, t*e "!se is REMANDED to t*e "ourt a 5uo +*i"* s*!ll !llo+ t*e su$stitution o. t*e RP .or &etitioner ISA Rule A, Se"tion = o. t*e Rules o. Court s&e"i.ies +*o '!y $e &!rties to ! "i-il !"tion: Se" = 4ho 8a% 'e 0arties C Only n!tur!l or 3uri,i"!l &ersons or entities ,$t3ori>e+ %5 &,- '!y $e &!rties in ! "i-il !"tion E/!'in!tion o. t*e st!tute +*i"* "re!te, &etitioner ISA s*o+s t*!t ISA .!lls un,er "!te%ory 8$9 !$o-e P D No @F@, !s !lre!,y note,, "ont!ins e/&ress !ut*ori6!tion to ISA to "o''en"e e/&ro&ri!tion &ro"ee,in%s li1e t*ose *ere in-ol-e, It s*oul, !lso $e note, t*!t t*e en!$lin% st!tute o. ISA e/&ressly !ut*ori6e, it to enter into "ert!in 1in,s o. "ontr!"ts 9for and in behalf of the Government: in t*e .ollo+in% ter's: // 8i9 to ne$otiate, and +*en ne"ess!ry, to enter into contracts for and in behalf of the $overnment, .or t*e $ul1 &ur"*!se o. '!teri!ls, su&&lies or ser-i"es .or !ny se"tors in t*e in,ustry, !n, to '!int!in in-entories o. su"* '!teri!ls in or,er to insure ! "ontinuous !n, !,e2u!te su&&ly t*ereo. !n, t*ere$y re,u"e o&er!tin% "osts o. su"* se"tor? /// Cle!rly, ISA +!s -este, +it* so'e o. t*e &o+ers or !ttri$utes nor'!lly !sso"i!te, +it* 3uri,i"!l &erson!lity T*ere is, *o+e-er, no &ro-ision in P D No @F@ re"o%ni6in% ISA !s &ossessin% %ener!l or "o'&re*ensi-e B$ri+ic,& #erson,&it5 se#,r,te ,n+ ,istin"t .ro' t*!t o. t*e (o-ern'ent We "onsi,er t*!t t*e ISA is &ro&erly re%!r,e, !s !n !%ent or ,ele%!te o. t*e RP T*e Re&u$li" itsel. is ! $o,y "or&or!te !n, 3uri,i"!l &erson -este, +it* t*e .ull &!no&ly o. &o+ers !n, !ttri$utes +*i"* !re "o'&en,iously ,es"ri$e, !s Jle%!l &erson!lity ; T*e rele-!nt ,e.initions !re .oun, in t*e A,'inistr!ti-e Co,e o. =GKF:

Se" @ General ;erms &efined C Unless t*e s&e"i.i" +or,s o. t*e te/t, or t*e "onte/t !s ! +*ole, or ! &!rti"ul!r st!tute, re2uire ! ,i..erent 'e!nin%: 8=9 Government of the R0 re.ers to t*e corporate $overnmental entit% t*rou%* +*i"* t*e .un"tions o. %o-ern'ent !re e/er"ise, t*rou%*out t*e P*ili&&ines, in"lu,in%, s!-e !s t*e "ontr!ry !&&e!rs .ro' t*e "onte/t, t*e -!rious !r's t*rou%* +*i"* &oliti"!l !ut*ority is '!,e e..e"ti-e in t*e P*ili&&ines, +*et*er &ert!inin% to t*e !utono'ous re%ions, t*e &ro-in"i!l, "ity, 'uni"i&!l or $!r!n%!y su$,i-isions or ot*er .or's o. lo"!l %o-ern'ent /// /// /// 8B9 A$enc% of the Government re.ers to an% of the various units of the Government , in"lu,in% ! ,e&!rt'ent, $ure!u, office, instru'ent!lity, or %o-ern'ent)o+ne, or "ontrolle, corporation, or ! lo"!l %o-ern'ent or ! ,istin"t unit t*erein /// /// /// 8=L9 )nstrumentalit% re.ers to !ny !%en"y o. t*e N!tion!l (o-ern'ent, not inte%r!te, +it*in t*e ,e&!rt'ent .r!'e+or1, -este, +it* s&e"i!l .un"tions or 3uris,i"tion $y l!+, endo+ed +ith some if not all corporate po+ers , !,'inisterin% s&e"i!l .un,s, !n, en3oyin% o&er!tion!l !utono'y, usu!lly t*rou%* ! "*!rter T*is ter' in"lu,es re%ul!tory !%en"ies, "*!rtere, institutions !n, %o-ern'ent)o+ne, or "ontrolle, "or&or!tions /// /// /// W*en t*e st!tutory ter' o. ! non* incorporated !%en"y e/&ires, t*e &o+ers, ,uties !n, .un"tions !s +ell !s t*e !ssets !n, li!$ilities o. t*!t !%en"y revert $!"1 to, !n, !re re)!ssu'e, $y, t*e RP, in t*e !$sen"e o. s&e"i!l &ro-isions o. l!+ s&e"i.yin% so'e ot*er ,is&osition t*ereo. su"* !s, e % , ,e-olution or tr!ns'ission o. su"* &o+ers, ,uties, .un"tions, et" to so'e ot*er i,enti.ie, su""essor !%en"y or instru'ent!lity o. t*e RP W*en t*e e/&irin% !%en"y is !n incorporated one, t*e "onse2uen"es o. su"* e/&iry 'ust $e loo1e, .or, in t*e .irst inst!n"e, in t*e "*!rter o. t*!t !%en"y !n,, $y +!y o. su&&le'ent!tion, in t*e &ro-isions o. t*e Cor&or!tion Co,e Sin"e, in t*e inst!nt "!se / ISA is , non8incor#or,te+ ,4enc5 or instru'ent!lity o. t*e Re&u$li", its &o+ers, ,uties, .un"tions, !ssets !n, li!$ilities !re &ro&erly re%!r,e, !s .ol,e, $!"1 into (RP !n, *en"e

!ssu'e, on"e !%!in $y t*e Re&u$li", no s&e"i!l st!tutory &ro-ision *!-in% $een s*o+n to *!-e '!n,!te, su""ession t*ereto $y so'e ot*er entity or !%en"y o. t*e Re&u$li" T*e &rin"i&!l or t*e re!l &!rty in interest is t*us t*e RP !n, not t*e NSC, e-en t*ou%* t*e l!tter '!y $e !n ulti'!te user o. t*e &ro&erties in-ol-e, s*oul, t*e "on,e'n!tion suit $e e-entu!lly su""ess.ul Fro' t*e .ore%oin% &re'ises, it .ollo+s t*!t t*e RP is entitle, to $e su$stitute, in t*e e/&ro&ri!tion &ro"ee,in%s !s &!rty)&l!inti.. in lieu o. ISA, t*e st!tutory ter' o. ISA *!-in% e/&ire, Put ! little ,i..erently, t*e e/&ir!tion o. ISAIs st!tutory ter' ,i, not $y itsel. re2uire or 3usti.y t*e ,is'iss!l o. t*e e'inent ,o'!in &ro"ee,in%s In <.'. 8archa, t*e Court !lso stresse, t*!t to re2uire t*e Re&u$li" to "o''en"e !ll o-er !%!in !not*er &ro"ee,in%, !s t*e tri!l "ourt !n, CA *!, re2uire,, +!s to %ener!te un+!rr!nte, ,el!y !n, "re!te nee,less re&etition o. &ro"ee,in%s: NOTES. = Sin"e, !s +e *!-e *el, !$o-e, t*e &o+ers !n, .un"tions o. ISA *!-e re-erte, to t*e RP u&on t*e ter'in!tion o. t*e st!tutory ter' o. ISA, t*e 2uestion s*oul, $e !,,resse, +*et*er .res* le%isl!ti-e !ut*ority is ne"ess!ry $e.ore t*e RP '!y "ontinue t*e e/&ro&ri!tion &ro"ee,in%s initi!te, $y its o+n ,ele%!te or !%ent W*ile t*e &o+er o. e'inent ,o'!in is, in &rin"i&le, -este, &ri'!rily in t*e le%isl!ti-e ,e&!rt'ent o. t*e %o-ern'ent, +e $elie-e !n, so *ol, t*!t no ne&e4is&,tive ,ct is necess,r5 s*oul, t*e Re&u$li" ,e"i,e, u&on $ein% su$stitute, .or ISA, in .!"t to "ontinue to &rose"ute t*e e/&ro&ri!tion &ro"ee,in%s For t*e le%isl!ti-e !ut*ority, ! lon% ti'e !%o, en!"te, ! "ontinuin% or st!n,in% ,ele%!tion o. !ut*ority to t*e Presi,ent o. t*e P*ili&&ines to e/er"ise, or "!use t*e e/er"ise o., t*e &o+er o. e'inent ,o'!in on $e*!l. o. t*e (o-ern'ent o. t*e Re&u$li" o. t*e P*ili&&ines T*e =G=F Re-ise, A,'inistr!ti-e Co,e, +*i"* +!s in e..e"t !t t*e ti'e o. t*e "o''en"e'ent o. t*e &resent e/&ro&ri!tion &ro"ee,in%s $e.ore t*e Ili%!n RTC , &ro-i,e, t*!t: Se" EB 0articular po+ers and duties of the 0resident of the 0hilippines C In !,,ition to *is %ener!l su&er-isory !ut*ority, t*e Presi,ent o. t*e P*ili&&ines s*!ll *!-e su"* ot*er s&e"i.i" &o+ers !n, ,uties !s !re e/&ressly "on.erre, or i'&ose,

on *i' $y l!+, !n, !lso, in &!rti"ul!r, t*e &o+ers !n, ,uties set .ort* in t*is C*!&ter A'on% su"* s&e"i!l &o+ers !n, ,uties s*!ll $e: // 8*9 To ,eter'ine +*en it is ne"ess!ry or !,-!nt!%eous to e/er"ise t*e ri%*t o. e'inent ,o'!in in $e*!l. o. t*e (o-ern'ent o. t*e P*ili&&ines? and to direct the Se"ret!ry of =ustice, +here such act is deemed advisable, to cause the condemnation proceedin$s to be be$un in the court havin$ proper ,urisdiction N/ T*e Re-ise, A,'inistr!ti-e Co,e o. =GKF "urrently in .or"e *!s su$st!nti!lly re&ro,u"e, t*e .ore%oin% &ro-ision in t*e .ollo+in% ter's: Se" =@ 0o+er of eminent domain C T*e 0resident shall ,eter'ine +*en it is ne"ess!ry or !,-!nt!%eous to e/er"ise t*e &o+er o. e'inent ,o'!in in $e*!l. o. t*e N!tion!l (o-ern'ent, !n, direct the Solicitor General, +henever he deems the action advisable, to institute e6popriation proceedin$s in the proper court 8E'&*!sis su&&lie,9 In t*e &resent "!se, t*e Presi,ent, e/er"isin% t*e &o+er ,uly ,ele%!te, un,er $ot* t*e =G=F !n, =GKF Re-ise, A,'inistr!ti-e Co,es in e..e"t '!,e ! ,eter'in!tion t*!t it +!s ne"ess!ry !n, !,-!nt!%eous to e/er"ise t*e &o+er o. e'inent ,o'!in in $e*!l. o. t*e (o-ern'ent o. t*e Re&u$li" !n, !""or,in%ly ,ire"te, t*e S( to &ro"ee, +it* t*e suit !7 @ It is !r%ue, $y &ri-!te res&on,ent MCFC t*!t, $e"!use Con%ress !.ter $e"o'in% on"e 'ore t*e ,e&ository o. &ri'!ry le%isl!ti-e &o+er, *!, not en!"te, ! st!tute e/ten,in% t*e ter' o. ISA, su"* non)en!"t'ent 'ust $e ,ee'e, ! '!ni.est!tion o. ! le%isl!ti-e ,esi%n to ,is"ontinue or !$ort t*e &resent e/&ro&ri!tion suit We .in, t*is !r%u'ent 'u"* too s&e"ul!ti-e? it rests too 'u"* u&on si'&le silen"e on t*e &!rt o. Con%ress !n, "!su!lly ,isre%!r,s t*e e/isten"e o. Se"tion =@ o. t*e =GKF A,'inistr!ti-e Co,e !lre!,y 2uote, !$o-e A Ot*er "ontentions !re '!,e $y &ri-!te res&on,ent MCFC, su"* !s, t*!t t*e "onstitution!l re2uire'ent o. J&u$li" use; or J&u$li" &ur&ose; is not &resent in t*e inst!nt "!se, !n, t*!t t*e in,is&ens!$le ele'ent o. 3ust "o'&ens!tion is !lso !$sent We !%ree +it* t*e Court o. A&&e!ls in t*is "onne"tion t*!t t*ese "ontentions, +*i"* +ere !,o&te, !n, set out $y t*e RTC in its or,er o. ,is'iss!l, !re &re'!ture !n, !re

!&&ro&ri!tely !,,resse, in t*e &ro"ee,in%s $e.ore t*e tri!l "ourt T*ose &ro"ee,in%s *!-e yet to &ro,u"e ! ,e"ision on t*e 'erits, sin"e tri!l +!s still on %oin% !t t*e ti'e t*e RTC &re"i&itously ,is'isse, t*e e/&ro&ri!tion &ro"ee,in%s Moreo-er, !s ! &r!%'!ti" '!tter, t*e Re&u$li" is, $y su"* su$stitution !s &!rty) &l!inti.., !""or,e, !n o&&ortunity to ,eter'ine +*et*er or not, or to +*!t e/tent, t*e &ro"ee,in%s s*oul, $e "ontinue, in -ie+ o. !ll t*e su$se2uent ,e-elo&'ents in t*e iron !n, steel se"tor o. t*e "ountry in"lu,in%, t*ou%* not li'ite, to, t*e &!rti!l &ri-!ti6!tion o. t*e NSC 1) I4n,ci, A,&ic,s vs 2,ct82in+in4 Inte&&i4ence A$re,$ "22IA)/ Office Om%$+sm,n F of

tr!%e,y +!s ! .ortuitous e-ent S*e re!sone, t*!t t*e "oll!&se ,i, not o""ur in C*erry 5ills, $ut in t*e !,3!"ent 'ount!in e!stern si,e o. t*e su$,i-ision T*e O..i"e o. t*e O'$u,s'!n ren,ere, ! ,e"ision i'&osin% u&on &etitioner t*e su&re'e &en!lty o. ,is'iss!l .ro' o..i"e .or %ross ne%le"t o. ,uty Petitioner se!son!$ly .ile, ! &etition .or re-ie+ o. t*e O'$u,s'!ns ,e"ision +it* t*e CA T*e Court o. A&&e!ls ,is'isse, t*e &etition .or l!"1 o. 'erit !n, !..ir'e, t*e !&&e!le, ,e"ision It .oun, t*!t t*e l!n,sli,e +!s ! &re-ent!$le o""urren"e !n, t*!t &etitioner +!s %uilty o. %ross ne%li%en"e in .!ilin% to "losely 'onitor P*il3!s "o'&li!n"e +it* t*e "on,itions o. t*e ECC %i-en t*e 1no+n in*erent inst!$ility o. t*e %roun, +*ere t*e su$,i-ision +!s ,e-elo&e, T*e !&&ell!te "ourt li1e+ise ,enie, &etitioners 'otion .or re"onsi,er!tion T*is &etition .or re-ie+ on certiorari ISS9E: WON B!li"!s is %uilty o. %ross ne%le"t o. ,uty :ELD. NO. T*e &etition is *ere$y (RANTED, T*e CA ,e"ision !..ir'in% t*e O'$u,s'!ns ,is'iss!l o. &etitioner I(NACIA BALICAS .ro' o..i"e is REVERSED !n, SET ASIDE, !n, &etitioners REINSTATEMENT to *er &osition +it* $!"1 &!y !n, +it*out loss o. seniority ri%*ts is *ere$y or,ere, In or,er to !s"ert!in i. t*ere *!, $een %ross ne%le"t o. ,uty, +e *!-e to loo1 !t t*e l!+.ully &res"ri$e, ,uties o. &etitioner Un.ortun!tely, DENR re%ul!tions !re silent on t*e s&e"i.i" ,uties o. ! senior en-iron'ent!l '!n!%e'ent s&e"i!list Intern!l re%ul!tions 'erely s&e!1 o. t*e .un"tions o. t*e Pro-in"i!l En-iron'ent !n, N!tur!l Resour"es O..i"e 8PENRO9 to +*i"* &etitioner ,ire"tly re&orts T*e 'onitorin% ,uties o. t*e PENRO '!inly ,e!l +it* $ro!, en-iron'ent!l "on"erns, &!rti"ul!rly #o&&$tion ,%,tement. T*is %ener!l 'onitorin% ,uty is !&&li"!$le to !ll ty&es o. &*ysi"!l ,e-elo&'ents t*!t '!y !,-ersely i'&!"t on t*e en-iron'ent, +*et*er *ousin% &ro3e"ts, in,ustri!l sites, re"re!tion!l .!"ilities, or s"ienti.i" un,ert!1in%s 5o+e-er, ! 'ore s&e"i.i" 'onitorin% ,uty is i'&ose, on t*e 5LURB !s t*e sole re%ul!tory $o,y .or *ousin% !n, l!n, ,e-elo&'ent P D No =<KE &res"ri$es t*e .ollo+in% ,uties on t*e 5LURB 8t*en Ministry o. 5u'!n Settle'ents9 in "onne"tion +it* en-iron'ent!lly "riti"!l &ro3e"ts re2uirin% !n ECC:

2ACTS. In t*e ,e-elo&'ent o. t*e C*erry 5ills Su$,i-ision 8C5S9, P*il3!s !&&lie, .or t*e issu!n"e o. ECC .ro' t*e DENR)Re%ion IV Res&on,ent BALICAS, PENRO senior en-iron'ent!l '!n!%e'ent s&e"i!list/ 'onitore, t*e i'&le'ent!tion o. t*e C5S Pro3e"t De-elo&'ent to "*e"1 "o'&li!n"e +it* t*e ter's !n, "on,itions in t*e ECC S*e "on,u"te, !not*er 'onitorin% on t*e &ro3e"t .or t*e s!'e &ur&ose In $ot* inst!n"es, s*e note, t*!t t*e &ro3e"t +!s still in t*e "onstru"tion st!%e *en"e, "o'&li!n"e +it* t*e sti&ul!te, "on,itions "oul, not $e .ully !ssesse,, !n, t*ere.ore, ! .ollo+)u& 'onitorin% is &ro&er It !&&e!re, .ro' t*e re"or,s t*!t t*is Au%ust @A, =GG< 'onitorin% ins&e"tion +!s t*e l!st one "on,u"te, $y t*e DENR I''e,i!tely !.ter t*e tr!%i" in"i,ent on Au%ust A, =GGG, ! .!"t).in,in% in-esti%!tion +!s "on,u"te, $y t*e O..i"e o. t*e O'$u,s'!n t*rou%* its F!"t)Fin,in% !n, Intelli%en"e Bure!u 8FFIB9, +*i"* ,uly .ile, !n !,'inistr!ti-e "o'&l!int +it* t*e O..i"e o. t*e O'$u,s'!n !%!inst se-er!l o..i"i!ls o. t*e 5ousin% !n, L!n, Use Re%ul!tory Bo!r, 85LURB9, De&!rt'ent o. En-iron'ent !n, N!tur!l Resour"es 8DENR9, !n, t*e lo"!l %o-ern'ent o. Anti&olo T*e "*!r%e !%!inst &etitioner in-ol-e, ! su&&ose, .!ilure on *er &!rt to 'onitor !n, ins&e"t t*e ,e-elo&'ent o. C5S, +*i"* +!s !ssu'e, to $e *er ,uty !s DENR senior en-iron'ent!l '!n!%e'ent s&e"i!list !ssi%ne, in t*e &ro-in"e o. Ri6!l For *er &!rt, &etitioner $elie, !lle%!tions t*!t 'onitorin% +!s not "on,u"te,, "l!i'in% t*!t s*e 'onitore, t*e ,e-elo&'ent o. C5S !s e-i,en"e, $y A 'onitorin% re&orts S*e .urt*er "l!i'e, %oo, .!it* !n, e/er"ise o. ,ue ,ili%en"e, insistin% t*!t t*e

SECTION B 0residential 0roclamation of <nvironmentall% Critical Areas and 0ro,ects T*e Presi,ent o. t*e P*ili&&ines '!y, on *is o+n initi!ti-e or u&on re"o''en,!tion o. t*e N!tion!l En-iron'ent Prote"tion Coun"il, $y &ro"l!'!tion ,e"l!re "ert!in &ro3e"ts, un,ert!1in%s or !re!s in t*e "ountry !s en-iron'ent!lly "riti"!l No &erson, &!rtners*i& or "or&or!tion s*!ll un,ert!1e or o&er!te !ny su"* ,e"l!re, en-iron'ent!lly "riti"!l &ro3e"t or !re! +it*out .irst se"urin% !n En-iron'ent!l Co'&li!n"e Certi.i"!te issue, $y t*e Presi,ent or *is ,uly !ut*ori6e, re&resent!ti-e For t*e &ro&er '!n!%e'ent o. s!i, "riti"!l &ro3e"t or !re!, t*e Presi,ent '!y $y *is &ro"l!'!tion reor%!ni6e su"* %o-ern'ent o..i"es, !%en"ies, institutions, "or&or!tions or instru'ent!lities in"lu,in% t*e re) !li%n'ent o. %o-ern'ent &ersonnel, !n, t*eir s&e"i.i" .un"tions !n, res&onsi$ilities For t*e s!'e &ur&ose !s !$o-e, t*e Ministry o. 5u'!n Settle'ents Ono+ 5LURBP s*!ll: 8!9 &re&!re t*e &ro&er l!n, or +!ter use &!ttern .or s!i, "riti"!l &ro3e"t8s9 or !re!8s9? 8$9 est!$lis* st!n,!r,s? !'$ient en-iron'ent!l 2u!lity

2u!li.i"!tion re2uire'ents +!s on De"e'$er @, =GKK, !n, t*!t t*e $i,s +oul, $e re"ei-e, !n, o&ene, on De"e'$er =@, =GKK !t A oQ"lo"1 in t*e !.ternoon Petitioners M!l!%! !n, N!3!rro, ,oin% $usiness un,er t*e n!'e o. BE Constru"tion !n, Best Built Constru"tion, res&e"ti-ely, su$'itte, t*eir &re) 2u!li.i"!tion ,o"u'ents !t t+o oQ"lo"1 in t*e !.ternoon o. De"e'$er @, =GKK Petitioner O""e!n! su$'itte, *is o+n PRE)C= on De"e'$er <, =GKK All t*ree o. t*e' +ere not !llo+e, to &!rti"i&!te in t*e $i,,in% !s t*eir ,o"u'ents +ere "onsi,ere, l!te On De"e'$er =@, =GKK, t*e &etitioners .ile, ! "o'&l!int +it* t*e Iloilo RTC !%!inst t*e o..i"ers o. PBAC .or t*eir re.us!l +it*out 3ust "!use to !""e&t t*e' resultin% to t*eir non)in"lusion in t*e list o. &re) 2u!li.ie, $i,,ers T*ey sou%*t to t*e resettin% o. t*e De"e'$er =@, =GKK $i,,in% !n, t*e !""e&t!n"e o. t*eir ,o"u'ents T*ey !lso !s1e, t*!t i. t*e $i,,in% *!, !lre!,y $een "on,u"te,, t*e ,e.en,!nts $e ,ire"te, not to !+!r, t*e &ro3e"t &en,in% resolution o. t*eir "o'&l!int On t*e s!'e ,!te, Du,%e Le$!2uin issue, ! restr,inin4 or+er #ro3i%itin4 PAAC from con+$ctin4 t3e %i++in4 ,n+ ,-,r+ t3e #roBect. T*e ,e.en,!nts .ile, ! 'otion to li.t t*e restr!inin% or,er on t*e %roun, t*!t t*e "ourt is &ro*i$ite, .ro' issuin% su"* or,er, &reli'in!ry in3un"tion !n, &reli'in!ry '!n,!tory in3un"tion in %o-ern'ent in.r!stru"ture &ro3e"t un,er Se" = o. P D =K=K T*ey !lso "onten,e, t*!t t*e &reli'in!ry in3un"tion *!, $e"o'e 'oot !n, !"!,e'i" !s it +!s ser-e, !.ter t*e $i,,in% *!, $een !+!r,e, !n, "lose, On D!nu!ry @, =GKG, t*e tri!l "ourt li.te, t*e restr!inin% or,er !n, ,enie, t*e &etition .or &reli'in!ry in3un"tion It ,e"l!re, t*!t t*e $uil,in% sou%*t to $e "onstru"te, !t t*e ISCOF +!s !n in.r!stru"ture &ro3e"t o. t*e %o-ern'ent .!llin% +it*in t*e "o-er!%e o. t*e su$3e"t l!+ ISS9E: = W*et*er or not ISCOF is ! %o-ern'ent instru'ent!lity su$3e"t to t*e &ro-isions o. PD =K=KR R9LING: T*e =GKF A,'inistr!ti-e Co,e ,e.ines ! %o-ern'ent instru'ent!lity !s .ollo+s: Instru'ent!lity re.ers to !ny !%en"y o. t*e N!tion!l (o-ern'ent, not inte%r!te, +it*in t*e ,e&!rt'ent .r!'e+or1, -este, +it* s&e"i!l .un"tions or 3uris,i"tion $y l!+, en,o+e, +it* so'e i. not !ll "or&or!te &o+ers, !,'inisterin% s&e"i!l .un,s, !n, en3oyin% o&er!tion!l !utono'y, usu!lly t*rou%* ! "*!rter T*is ter' in"lu,es re%ul!tory !%en"ies, "*!rtere, institutions, !n, %o-ern'ent)o+ne, or "ontrolle, "or&or!tions 8Se" @ 8<9 Intro,u"tory

"c) +eve&o# , #ro4r,m of environment,& en3,ncement or #rotective me,s$res ,4,inst c,&,mito$s f,ctors s$c3 ,s e,rt3C$,=e/ f&oo+s/ -,ter erosion ,n+ ot3ersG ,n+ 8,9 &er.or' su"* ot*er .un"tions !s '!y $e ,ire"te, $y t*e Presi,ent .ro' ti'e to ti'e T*e le%!l ,uty to 'onitor *ousin% &ro3e"ts, li1e t*e C5P, !%!inst "!l!'ities su"* !s l!n,sli,es ,ue to "ontinuous r!in, is "le!rly &l!"e, on t*e 5LURB, not on t3e #etitioner ,s PENRO senior environment,& m,n,4ement s#eci,&ist. In .!"t, t*e l!+ i'&oses no "le!r !n, ,ire"t ,uty on &etitioner to &er.or' su"* n!rro+ly ,e.ine, 'onitorin% .un"tion 0) M,&,4, vs P,n,c3os/ Hr./ 2!@ SCRA '1' C3,rtere+ Instit$tion ,n+ GOCC/ +efine+. 2ACTS: T*e Iloilo St!te Colle%e o. Fis*eries 8ISCOF9 t*rou%* its Pre)2u!li.i"!tions, Bi,s !n, A+!r,s Co''ittee 8PBAC9 "!use, t*e &u$li"!tion in t*e No-e'$er @<, @E !n, @K, =GKK issues o. t*e Western Vis!y!s D!ily !n In-it!tion to Bi, .or t*e "onstru"tion o. ! Mi"ro L!$or!tory Buil,in% !t ISCOF T*e noti"e !nnoun"e, t*!t t*e l!st ,!y .or t*e su$'ission o. &re)

Pro-isions9 T*e s!'e Co,e ,es"ri$es ! "*!rtere, institution t*us: C*!rtere, institution ) re.ers to !ny !%en"y or%!ni6e, or o&er!tin% un,er ! s&e"i!l "*!rter, !n, -este, $y l!+ +it* .un"tions rel!tin% to s&e"i.i" "onstitution!l &oli"ies or o$3e"ti-es T*is ter' in"lu,es t*e st!te uni-ersities !n, "olle%es, !n, t*e 'onet!ry !ut*ority o. t*e st!te 8Se" @ 8=@9 Intro,u"tory Pro-isions9 It is "le!r .ro' t*e !$o-e ,e.initions t*!t ISCOF is ! "*!rtere, institution !n, is t*ere.ore "o-ere, $y P D =K=K

T*e PBAC set ,e!,lines .or t*e .ilin% o. t*e PRE)C= !n, t*e o&enin% o. $i,s !n, t*en "*!n%e, t*ese ,e!,lines +it*out &rior noti"e to res&e"ti-e &!rti"i&!nts We *!-e *el, t*!t +*ere t*e l!+ re2uires ! &re-ious !,-ertise'ent $e.ore %o-ern'ent "ontr!"ts "!n $e !+!r,e,, non)"o'&li!n"e +it* t*e re2uire'ent +ill, !s ! %ener!l rule, ren,er t*e s!'e -oi, !n, o. no e..e"t T*e .!"t t*!t !n in-it!tion .or $i,s *!s $een "o''uni"!te, to ! nu'$er o. &ossi$le $i,,ers is not ne"ess!rily su..i"ient to est!$lis* "o'&li!n"e +it* t*e re2uire'ent o. l!+ i. it is s*o+n t*!t ot*er &ossi$le $i,,ers *!-e not $een si'il!rly noti.ie,

@ T*ere !re !lso in,i"!tions in its "*!rter t*!t ISCOF is ! %o-ern'ent instru'ent!lity First, it +!s "re!te, in &ursu!n"e o. t*e inte%r!te, .is*eries ,e-elo&'ent &oli"y o. t*e St!te, ! &riority &ro%r!' o. t*e %o-ern'ent to e..e"t t*e so"io)e"ono'i" li.e o. t*e n!tion Se"on,, t*e Tre!surer o. t*e Re&u$li" o. t*e P*ili&&ines s*!ll !lso $e t*e e/)o..i"io Tre!surer o. t*e st!te "olle%e +it* its !""ounts !n, e/&enses to $e !u,ite, $y t*e Co''ission on Au,it or its ,uly !ut*ori6e, re&resent!ti-e T*ir,, *e!,s o. $ure!us !n, o..i"es o. t*e N!tion!l (o-ern'ent !re !ut*ori6e, to lo!n or tr!ns.er to it, u&on re2uest o. t*e &resi,ent o. t*e st!te "olle%e, su"* !&&!r!tus, e2ui&'ent, or su&&lies !n, e-en t*e ser-i"es o. su"* e'&loyees !s "!n $e s&!re, +it*out serious ,etri'ent to &u$li" ser-i"e L!stly, !n !,,ition!l !'ount o. P= <M *!, $een !&&ro&ri!te, out o. t*e .un,s o. t*e N!tion!l Tre!sury !n, it +!s !lso ,e"ree, in its "*!rter t*!t t*e .un,s !n, '!inten!n"e o. t*e st!te "olle%e +oul, *en"e.ort* $e in"lu,e, in t*e (ener!l A&&ro&ri!tions L!+ Ne-ert*eless, it ,oes not !uto'!ti"!lly .ollo+ t*!t ISCOF is "o-ere, $y t*e &ro*i$ition in t*e s!i, ,e"ree !s t*ere !re irre%ul!rities &resent surroun,in% t*e tr!ns!"tion t*!t 3usti.ie, t*e in3un"tion issue, !s re%!r,s to t*e $i,,in% !n, t*e !+!r, o. t*e &ro3e"t 8"itin% t*e "!se o. D!tiles -s Su"!l,ito9 ISS9E: @ W*et*er or not t*e restr!inin% or,er &re-iously issue, +!s to u&*ol, .or t*e irre%ul!ties &resent in t*e $i,,in% !n, t*e !+!r, o. t*e &ro3e"t $y ISCOFR R9LLING. ?ES. T*e Court *el, t*e u&*ol,in% t*e restr!in% or,er ,!te, De"e'$er =@, =GKK, !s not "o-ere, $y t*e &ro*i$ition in PD =K=K T*ere !re !t le!st t+o irre%ul!rities "o''itte, $y PBAC t*!t 3usti.ie, in3un"tion o. t*e $i,,in% !n, t*e !+!r, o. t*e &ro3e"t:

PBAC +!s re2uire, to issue to &re)2u!li.ie, !&&li"!nts t*e &l!ns, s&e"i.i"!tions !n, &ro&os!l $oo1 .or t*e &ro3e"t to $e $i, AL ,!ys $e.ore t*e ,!te o. $i,,in% i. t*e esti'!te, &ro3e"t "ost +!s $et+een P=M !n, P<M PBAC *!s not ,enie, t*!t t*ese .or's +ere issue, only on De"e'$er @, =GKK, or only =L ,!ys $e.ore t*e $i,,in% s"*e,ule, .or De"e'$er =@, =GKK At t*e -ery l!test, PBAC s*oul, *!-e issue, t*e' on No-e'$er =@, =GKK or AL ,!ys $e.ore s"*e,ule, $i,,in%

It is !&&!rent t*!t t*e &resent "ontro-ersy ,i, not !rise .ro' t*e ,is"retion!ry !"ts o. t*e !,'inistr!ti-e $o,y nor ,oes it in-ol-e 'erely te"*ni"!l '!tters W*!t is in-ol-e, *ere is non "o'&li!n"e +it* t*e &ro"e,ur!l rules on $i,,in% +*i"* re2uire stri"t o$ser-!n"e 5en"e, t*e "*!llen%e restr!inin% or,er +!s not i'&ro&erly issue, $y t*e res&on,ent 3u,%e !n, t*e +rit o. &reli'in!ry in3un"tion s*oul, not *!-e $een ,enie, PD =K=K +!s not inten,e, to s*iel, .ro' 3u,i"i!l s"rutiny irre%ul!rities "o''itte, $y !,'inistr!ti-e !%en"ies su"* !s t*e !no'!lies !$o-e ,es"ri$e, It *!s $een *el, in ! lon% line o. "!ses t*!t ! "ontr!"t r!nte, +it*out t*e "o'&etiti-e $i,,in% re2uire, $y l!+ is -oi,, !n, t*e &!rty to +*o' it is !+!r,e, "!nnot $ene.it .ro' it

7) Prec&,ro vs. S,n+i4,n%,5,n/ 2'7 SCRA '1' 2,cts: A""use, is ! &ro3e"t '!n!%erS"onsult!nt o. t*e C*e'i"!l Miner!l Di-ision, In,ustri!l Te"*nolo%y De-elo&'ent Institute, De&!rt'ent o. S"ien"e !n, Te"*nolo%y, ! "o'&onent o. t*e In,ustri!l

De-elo&'ent Institute +*i"* is !n !%en"y o. t*e DOST 5e is to su&er-ise t*e "onstru"tion o. t*e In,ustri!l Te"*nolo%y De-elo&'ent Institute)C*e'i"!l Miner!l Di-ision 8ITDI)CMD9 $uil,in%, +*ile t*e D!i'e St! M!ri! Constru"tion un,ertoo1 t*e "onstru"tion T*e stru"ture is 3ointly .un,e, $y t*e P*ili&&ine !n, D!&!nese (o-ern'ents W*ile t*e s!i, "onstru"tion *!s not yet $een "o'&lete,, !""use, eit*er ,ire"tly re2ueste, !n,Sor ,e'!n,e, .or *i'sel. t*e su' o. P@LL,LLL LL, "l!i'e, !s &!rt o. t*e e/&e"te, &ro.it o. t*e "ontr!"tor Petitioner +!s "*!r%e, .or -iol!tion o. t*e Anti)(r!.t !n, Corru&t Pr!"ti"es A"t .or "o''ittin% s!i, o..ense in rel!tion to t*e &er.or'!n"e o. *is o..i"i!l ,uties Petitioner !sserts in ! &etition .or re-ie+ t*!t *e is not ! &u$li" o..i"er $e"!use *e +!s neit*er ele"te, nor !&&ointe, to ! &u$li" o..i"e, $ut 'erely ! &ri-!te in,i-i,u!l *ire, $y t*e ITDI on "ontr!"tu!l $!sis .or ! &!rti"ul!r &ro3e"t !n, .or ! s&e"i.ie, &erio, 5en"e t*e S!n,i%!n$!y!n erre, in t!1in% "o%ni6!n"e o. t*e "!se Section 2 "%) of RA @ !( ,e.ines ! &u$li" o..i"er to Jin"lu,e ele"ti-e !n, !&&ointi-e o..i"i!ls !n, e'&loyees, &er'!nent or te'&or!ry, +*et*er in t*e "l!ssi.ie, or un"l!ssi.ie, or e/e'&tion ser-i"e re"ei-in% "o'&ens!tion, e-en no'in!l, .ro' t*e %o-ern'entM; Iss$e: WON ! &ri-!te in,i-i,u!l *ire, on ! "ontr!"tu!l $!sis $y t*e %o-ern'ent is ! &u$li" o..i"er :e&+: ?es. T*e +or, Jin"lu,es; use, in ,e.inin% ! &u$li" o..i"er in,i"!tes t*!t t*e ,e.inition is not restri"ti-e T*e ter's J"l!ssi.ie,, un"l!ssi.ie, or e/e'&tion ser-i"e; +ere t*e ol, "!te%ories o. &osition in t*e "i-il ser-i"e +*i"* *!-e $een re"l!ssi.ie, into C!reer Ser-i"e !n, Non)C!reer Ser-i"e $y PD KLF &ro-i,in% .or t*e or%!ni6!tion o. t*e Ci-il Ser-i"e Co''ission $y t*e A,'inistr!ti-e Co,e o. =GKF A &ri-!te in,i-i,u!l *ire, on ! "ontr!"tu!l $!sis !s Pro3e"t M!n!%er .or ! %o-ern'ent un,ert!1in% .!lls un,er t*e non)"!reer ser-i"e "!te%ory o. t*e Ci-il Ser-i"e !n, t*us is ! &u$li" o..i"er !s ,e.ine, $y Se" @8$9 o. RA AL=G

Un,er Boo1 V, Title I, Su$title A, C*!&ter @, Se" E8@9 o. t*e A,'inistr!ti-e Co,e o. =GKF, non)"!reer ser-i"e in &!rti"ul!r is "*!r!"teri6e, $y =9 entr!n"e ot*er t*!n t*ose o. t*e usu!l test o. 'erit !n, .itness utili6e, .or t*e "!reer ser-i"e? !n, @9 tenure +*i"* is li'ite, to ! &erio, s&e"i.ie, $y l!+, or +*i"* is "oter'inous +it* t*!t o. t*e !&&ointin% !ut*ority or su$3e"t to *is &le!sure, or +*i"* is li'ite, to t*e ,ur!tion o. ! &!rti"ul!r &ro3e"t .or +*i"* &ur&ose e'&loy'ent +!s '!,e Se"tion G8B9 o. t*e s!'e &ro-i,es t*!t Non)C!reer Ser-i"e It s*!ll in"lu,e Contr!"tu!l &ersonnel or t*ose e'&loy'ent in t*e %o-ern'ent is in !""or,!n"e +it* ! s&e"i!l "ontr!"t to un,ert!1e ! s&e"i.i" +or1 or 3o$, re2uirin% s&e"i!l or te"*ni"!l s1ills not !-!il!$le in t*e e'&loyin% !%en"y, to $e !""o'&lis*e, +it*in ! s&e"i.i" &erio,, +*i"* in no "!se s*!ll e/"ee, one ye!r, !n, &er.or's or !""o'&lis*es t*e s&e"i.i" +or1 or 3o$, un,er *is o+n res&onsi$ility +it* ! 'ini'u' o. ,ire"tion !n, su&er-ision .ro' t*e *irin% !%en"y

II.

ADMINISTRATIVE AGENCIES Cre,tion/ Est,%&is3ment ,n+ A%o&ition of A+ministr,tive A4encies 2 @ A,r E<,ms. V,&i+it5 of A%o&ition of &on48st,n+in4 A$re,$ $n+er DILG %5 t3e Presi+ent

C,ses. 6) Crisostomo vs CA/ 216 SCRA !@' 2ACTS. Crisosto'o +!s !&&ointe, t*e Presi,ent o. t*e P*ili&&ine Colle%e o. Co''er"e 8PCC9 $y t*e Presi,ent o. t*e P*ili&&ines Durin% *is in"u'$en"y, t+o !,'inistr!ti-e "*!r%es +ere .ile, !%!inst *i' .or ille%!l use o. %o-ern'ent -e*i"les, 'is!&&ro&ri!tion o. "onstru"tion '!teri!ls, o&&ression !n, *!r!ss'ent, %r!-e 'is"on,u"t, ne&otis' !n, ,is*onesty $e.ore t*e O..i"e o. t*e Presi,ent Li1e+ise, *e +!s !lso "*!r%e, +it* -iol!tion o. Anti) (r!nt !n, Corru&t Pr!"ti"es A"t +it* t*e T!no,$!y!n As su"*, *e +!s &re-enti-ely sus&en,e, !n, Dr M!teo +!s ,esi%n!te, !s t*e o..i"er)in)"*!r%e in *is &l!"e Me!n+*ile, Pres M!r"os &!sse, PD !@'! convertin4 PCC into P9P +it* M!teo !s Presi,ent Crisosto'o +!s l!ter

!"2uitte, !n, *is !,'inistr!ti-e "*!r%es +ere ,is'isse, On Fe$ru!ry =@, =GG@, &etitioner .ile, +it* RTC ! 'otion .or e/e"ution o. t*e 3u,%'ent 8.ro' t*e Cir"uit Cri'in!l Court o. M!nil!9, &!rti"ul!rly, t*e &!rt or,erin% *is reinst!te'ent to t*e &osition o. &resi,ent o. t*e PUP !n, t*e &!y'ent o. *is s!l!ries !n, ot*er $ene.its ,urin% t*e &erio, o. sus&ension T*e 'otion +!s %r!nte, !n, ! &!rti!l +rite o. e/e"ution +!s issue, $y t*e tri!l "ourt on M!r"* E, =GG@ On M!r"* @E, =GG@, *o+e-er, t*e Presi,ent A2uino !&&ointe, Dr Pre,ente +*o *!, su""ee,e, Dr M!teo Petitioner +!s one o. t*e < no'inees "onsi,ere, .or t*e &osition ISS9E. Di, PD =A=B !$olis* PCCR :ELD. PD =A=B ,i, not !$olis*, $ut only "*!n%e, t*e PCC into +*!t is no+ PUP W*!t too1 &l!"e +!s ! "*!n%e in t*e !"!,e'i" st!tus o. t*e e,u"!tion!l institution, not in its "or&or!te li.e 5en"e, t*e "*!n%e in its n!'e, t*e e/&!nsion o. its "urri"ulu' o..erin%s !n, "*!n%es in its stru"ture !n, or%!ni6!tion But t*e reinst!te'ent o. &etitioner to t*e &osition o. &resi,ent o. t*e PUP "oul, not $e or,ere, $y t*e tri!l "ourt $e"!use on Dune =L, =GFK, PD =BAF *!, $een &ro'ul%!te, .i/in% t*e ter' o. o..i"e o. t*e &resi,ent o. st!te uni-ersities !n, "olle%es !t E ye!rs, rene+!$le .or !not*er ter' o. E ye!rs, !n, !ut*ori6in% t*e Presi,ent o. t*e P*ili&&ines to ter'in!te t*e ter's o. in"u'$ents +*o +ere not re!&&ointe, As ! %ener!l rule, +*en t*e &ur&ose o. t*e l!+'!1in% !ut*ority is to !$olis* t*e o..i"e !n, "re!te ! ne+ one, *e s!ys so In t*e inst!nt "!se, PD =A=B 'erely st!tes t*!t PCC is "on-erte, into t*e PUP In !,,ition, t*e l!+ ,oes not st!te t*!t t*e l!n,s, $uil,in%s !n, e2ui&'ent o+ne, $y t*e PCC +ere $ein% Jtr!ns.erre,; to t*e PUP $ut only t*!t t*ey Jst!n, tr!ns.erre,; to it JSt!n, tr!ns.erre,; si'&ly 'e!ns, .or e/!'&le, t*!t l!n,s tr!ns.erre, to t*e PCC +ere to $e un,erstoo, !s tr!ns.erre, to t*e PUP !s t*e ne+ n!'e o. t*e institution TTT4: W*o *!s t*e &o+er to reor%!ni6eR A: It ,e&en,s In or,er to ,eter'ine +*o *!s t*e &o+er to reor%!ni6e, it is essenti!l to "*!r!"teri6e +*et*er t*e $o,y to $e reor%!ni6e, is ! ,e&!rt'ent or !n instru'ent!lity o. %o-ern'ent Un,er EO 2(2,

t*e Presi,ent is %i-en t*e &o+er o. "ontrol o-er !ll ,e&!rt'ents, $ure!us !n, o..i"es un,er t*e e/e"uti-e $r!n"* Sin"e t*e &o+er o. "ontrol in"lu,es t*e &o+er to reor%!ni6e, t*en t*e &o+er to reor%!ni6e ! ,e&!rt'ent, ! $ure!u or !n o..i"e "!n $e s!i, to $e lo,%e, in t*e Presi,ent On t*e ot*er *!n,, !n instru'ent!lity is, !s ! %ener!l rule, "re!te, $y st!tute or '!,e &ursu!nt to ! l!+ So unless t*e l!+ "re!tin% su"* instru'ent!lity ,ele%!tes t*e !ut*ority to reor%!ni6e to ! se&!r!te $o,y, t*e &o+er to reor%!ni6e su"* is +it* Con%ress TTT4: W*en is reor%!ni6!tion !%en"ies -!li,R o. !,'inistr!ti-e

A: First, ,eter'ine +*et*er t*e !%en"y is ! ,e&!rt'ent or !n instru'ent!lity in or,er to ,eter'ine +*o *!s t*e !ut*ority to reor%!ni6e T*en, ,eter'ine +*et*er t*e reor%!ni6!tion is ,one in %oo, .!it*, not in %oo, .!it*, or in $!, .!it* Reor%!ni6!tion is in %oo, .!it* i. ,one .or t*e &ur&ose o. e"ono'y !n, e..i"ien"y

TTT4: M!y ! &u$li" o..i"er -!li,ly "l!i' -iol!tion o. se"urity o. tenure !s ! result o. !$olition o. o..i"eR A: It ,e&en,s on t*e -!li,ity o. t*e !$olition W!s t*e !$olition ,one $y so'eone +*o *!s !ut*orityR To ,eter'ine +*o *!s !ut*ority to !$olis*, $e!r in 'in, t*e t*ree 'o,es o. "re!tin% !n o..i"e: 8=9 Constitution? 8@9 St!tute? !n, 8A9 !ut*ority $y l!+ An o..i"e "re!te, $y t*e Constitution '!y only $e !$olis*e, $y Constitution!l !'en,'ent or re-ision, unless t*e Constitution itsel. &ro-i,es .or !not*er 'o,e o. !$olition Li1e+ise, !n o..i"e "re!te, $y St!tute, '!y, !s ! %ener!l rule, $e only !$olis*e, $y Con%ress, unless t*is &o+er is ,ele%!te, An, t*e Presi,ent '!y !$olis* !n o..i"e i. su"* o..i"e is un,er *is &o+er o. "ontrol !n, Con%ress *!s not &ro-i,e, .or ! ,i..erent 'o,e o. !$olition So i. t*e !$olition is '!,e $y so'eone +it* !ut*ority, t*en +!s it ,one in %oo, .!it*R A$olition is in %oo, .!it* i. t*e &ur&ose is .or e"ono'y !n, e..i"ien"y, or i. it not ,one in $!, .!it*, $e!rin% in 'in, t*e "ir"u'st!n"es e-i,en"in% $!, .!it* I. ,one in %oo, .!it*, t*en t*e !$olition is -!li, W*en t*ere is -!li, !$olition, t*ere "!n $e no se&!r!tion or re'o-!l .ro' o..i"e !n, t*e !..e"te, &u$li" o..i"er "!nnot "l!i' -iol!tion o. se"urity o. tenure .or t*ere "!n $e no tenure to ! non)e/istent o..i"e

TTT4: M!y !n o..i"i!l o. !n !$olis*e, o..i"e "l!i' -este, ri%*t to t*!t o..i"eR A: T*ere is no su"* t*in% !s ! -este, ri%*t to !n o..i"e T*e only e/"e&tions !re t*ose o..i"es est!$lis*e, $y t*e Constitution, su"* !s t*e Constitution!l Co''issions, et" TTT4: In "!se o. !$olition !n, ! ne+ o..i"e is t*ere$y "re!te,, '!y t*e in"u'$ent o. t*e !$olis*e, o..i"e "l!i' &re.eren"e to t*!t ne+ o..i"eR A: T*e "on"e&t o. &re.eren"e is illustr!te, in t*e ne/t) in)r!n1 rule Un,er t*!t rule, !nyone +*o is e'&loye, on ! &er'!nent $!sis in ! &osition t*!t *!s $een &re-iously ,eter'ine, to $e ne/t)in)r!n1 to t*e -!"!te, o..i"e !n, +*o is 2u!li.ie, is %i-en &re.eren"e to s!i, o..i"e T*is &resu&&oses t*!t t*ere is !n ol, o..i"e +*i"* is -!"!te, T*us, t*e rule ,oes not !&&ly to ! ne+ly "re!te, o..i"e, +*i"* ne"ess!rily ent!ils ne+ &ositions Besi,es, &re.eren"e only 'e!ns t*!t t*e ol, e'&loyee s*oul, $e "onsi,ere, .irst $ut it ,oes not !uto'!ti"!lly .ollo+ t*!t t*ey s*oul, t*en $e !uto'!ti"!lly re!&&ointe, () Vio&, vs A&$n,n/ 277 SCRA ' ( 2ACTS. Viol!, !s ! $!r!n%!y "*!ir'!n, .ile, ! &etition .or &ro*i$ition "*!llen%in% t*e -!li,ity o. t*e Art III, Se" =) @ o. t*e Re-ise, I'&le'entin% Rules !n, (ui,elines .or t*e (ener!l Ele"tions o. t*e Li%! n% '%! B!r!n%!y O..i"ers inso.!r !s t*ey &ro-i,e .or t*e ele"tion o. .irst, se"on,, !n, t*ir, -i"e &resi,ents !n, .or !u,itors .or t*e N!tion!l Li%! n% '%! B!r!n%!y !n, its "*!&ters 5e "onten,e, t*!t t*e 2uestione, &ositions !re in e/"ess o. t*ose &ro-i,e, in t*e L(C Se" BGA +*i"* 'entions !s ele"ti-e &ositions only t*ose o. t*e &resi,ent, -i"e &resi,ent, !n, .i-e 'e'$ers o. t*e $o!r, o. ,ire"tors in e!"* "*!&ter !t t*e 'uni"i&!l, "ity, &ro-in"i!l, 'etro&olit!n &oliti"!l su$,i-ision, !n, n!tion!l le-els !n, t*us t*e i'&le'entin% rules e/&!n, t*e nu'$ers in t*e L(C in -iol!tion o. t*e &rin"i&le t*!t i'&le'entin% rules !n, re%ul!tions "!nnot !,, or ,etr!"t .ro' t*e &ro-isions o. t*e l!+ t*ey !re ,esi%ne, to i'&le'ent ISS9E. W*et*er or not Se" =)@ o. t*e I'&le'entin% Rules !re -!li, R9LING.

7es T*e "re!tion o. !,,ition!l &ositions is !ut*ori6e, $y Sec. '(@ of t3e LGC +*i"* in .!"t re2uires C !n, not 'erely !ut*ori6es C t*e $o!r, o. ,ire"tors to J"re!te su"* ot*er &ositions !s it '!y ,ee' ne"ess!ry .or t*e '!n!%e'ent o. t*e "*!&ter; To $e%in +it*, t*e "re!tion o. t*ese &ositions +!s !"tu!lly '!,e in t*e Constitution !n, By)l!+s o. t*e Li%! n% '%! $!r!n%!y +*i"* +!s !,o&te, $y t*e First B!r!n%!y N!tion!l Asse'$ly T*ere is no un,ue ,ele%!tion o. &o+er $y Con%ress in t*is "!se SC ,e"isions *!-e u&*el, t*e -!li,ity o. reor%!ni6!tion st!tutes !ut*ori6in% t*e Presi,ent o. t*e P*ili&&ines to "re!te, !$olis*, or 'er%e o..i"es in t*e e/e"uti-e '!n!%e'ent W*ile t*e $o!r, o. ,ire"tors o. ! lo"!l "*!&ter "!n "re!te !,,ition!l &ositions to &ro-i,e .or t*e nee,s o. t*e "*!&ter, t*e $o!r, o. ,ire"tors o. t*e N!tion!l Li%! 'ust $e ,ee'e, to *!-e t*e &o+er to "re!te !,,ition!l &ositions not only .or its '!n!%e'ent $ut !lso .or t*!t o. !ll t*e "*!&ters !t t*e 'uni"i&!l, "ity, &ro-in"i!l !n, 'etro&olit!n &oliti"!l su$,i-ision le-els Ot*er+ise t*e N!tion!l Li%! +oul, $e no ,i..erent .ro' t*e lo"!l "*!&ters T*e .!"t is t*!t Se" BGA %r!nts t*e &o+er to "re!te &ositions not only to t*e $o!r,s o. t*e lo"!l "*!&ters $ut to t*e $o!r, o. t*e Li%! !t t*e n!tion!l le-el !s +ell Petition ,is'isse, "(;<> L(C, Se" BGA Or%!ni6!tion C T*e li%! !t t*e 'uni"i&!l, "ity, &ro-in"i!l, 'etro&olit!n &oliti"!l su$,i-ision, !n, n!tion!l le-els ,ire"tly ele"t ! &resi,ent, ! -i"e)&resi,ent, !n, .i-e 8<9 'e'$ers o. t*e $o!r, o. ,ire"tors T*e $o!r, s*!ll !&&oint its se"ret!ry !n, tre!surer !n, "re!te su"* ot*er &ositions !s it '!y ,ee' ne"ess!ry .or t*e '!n!%e'ent o. t*e "*!&ter A se"ret!ry)%ener!l s*!ll $e ele"te, .ro' !'on% t*e 'e'$ers o. t*e n!tion!l li%! !n, s*!ll $e "*!r%e, +it* t*e o-er!ll o&er!tion o. t*e li%! on t*e n!tion!l le-el T*e $o!r, s*!ll "oor,in!te t*e !"ti-ities o. t*e "*!&ters o. t*e li%! Re-ise, I'&le'entin% Rules !n, (ui,elines : Se" = Lo"!l Li%! C*!&ters T*e Muni"i&!l, City, Metro&olit!n !n, Pro-in"i!l C*!&ters s*!ll ,ire"tly ele"t t*e .ollo+in% o..i"ers !n, ,ire"tors to "onstitute t*eir res&e"ti-e Bo!r, o. Dire"tors, n!'ely: = = Presi,ent = @ E/e"uti-e Vi"e)Presi,ent

=A =B =< =E =F

First Vi"e)Presi,ent Se"on, Vi"e)Presi,ent T*ir, Vi"e)Presi,ent Au,itor Fi-e 8<9 Dire"tors

Se" @ N!tion!l Li%! T*e N!tion!l Li%! s*!ll ,ire"tly ele"t t*e .ollo+in% o..i"ers !n, ,ire"tors to "onstitute t*e N!tion!l Li%! Bo!r, o. Dire"tors n!'ely: @= @@ @A @B @< @E @F @K Presi,ent E/e"uti-e Vi"e)Presi,ent First Vi"e)Presi,ent Se"on, Vi"e)Presi,ent T*ir, Vi"e)Presi,ent Se"ret!ry (ener!l Au,itor Fi-e 8<9 Dire"tors ! ) Air,o4o vs T3e Commission of 2 ! FACTS Pursu!nt to t*e slo%!n JUun% +!l!n% "orru&t, +!l!n% '!*ir!&; &ose, $y Pres Noynoy A2uino in *is "!'&!i%n .or Presi,enti!l ele"tion, *e "re!te, P*ili&&ine Trut* Co''ission $y -irtue o. E/e"uti-e Or,er No = S!i, e/e"uti-e or,er +!s 2uestione, $y *erein &etitioners !s -iol!ti-e o. e2u!l &rote"tion "l!use inso.!r !s its o$3e"ti-e is to in-esti%!te l!r%e s"!le %r!.t !n, "orru&tion ,urin% t*e &re-ious !,'inistr!tion un,er .or'er &resi,ent Arroyo Petitioners "onten, t*!t it ,i, not 'eet t*e re2uisites .or ! -!li, "l!ssi.i"!tion !s it sin%les out t*e &re-ious !,'inistr!tion !s its sole o$3e"t Res&on,ent, on t*e ot*er *!n,, ,e.en,e, t*!t it +!s $!se, on +i,es&re!, re&orts o. l!r%e s"!le %r!.t !n, "orru&tion in t*e &re-ious !,'inistr!tion +*i"* *!-e ero,e, &u$li" "on.i,en"e in &u$li" institutions It .urt*er "onten,s t*!t t*e se%re%!tion o. t*e &re"e,in% !,'inistr!tion !s t*e o$3e"t o. t*e .!"t).in,in% is +!rr!nte, $y t*e re!lity t*!t unli1e +it* !,'inistr!tions lon% %one, t*e "urrent !,'inistr!tion +ill 'ost li1ely to $e!r t*e i''e,i!te "onse2uen"e o. t*e &oli"ies o. t*e &re-ious !,'inistr!tion ISS9E. WON E/e"uti-e Or,er No = -iol!tes t*e "onstitution!l %u!r!nty o. e2u!l &rote"tion o. t*e l!+s :ELD. 7es E/e"uti-e Or,er No = s*oul, $e stru"1 ,o+n !s -iol!ti-e o. t*e e2u!l &rote"tion "l!use T*e "le!r '!n,!te o. t*e en-isione, trut* "o''ission is to in-esti%!te !n, .in, out t*e trut* :"on"ernin% t*e re&orte, "!ses o. %r!.t !n, "orru&tion ,urin% t*e &re-ious !,'inistr!tion: only T*e e2u!l &rote"tion o. t*e l!+s "l!use o. t*e Constitution !llo+s "l!ssi.i"!tion Cl!ssi.i"!tion in l!+, !s in t*e ot*er ,e&!rt'ents o. 1no+le,%e or &r!"ti"e, is t*e %rou&in% o. t*in%s in s&e"ul!tion or &r!"ti"e $e"!use t*ey !%ree +it* one !not*er in "ert!in P3i&i##ine Itr$t3

&!rti"ul!rs A l!+ is not in-!li, $e"!use o. si'&le ine2u!lity T*e -ery i,e! o. "l!ssi.i"!tion is t*!t o. ine2u!lity, so t*!t it %oes +it*out s!yin% t*!t t*e 'ere .!"t o. ine2u!lity in no '!nner ,eter'ines t*e '!tter o. "onstitution!lity A&& t3,t is reC$ire+ of , v,&i+ c&,ssific,tion is t3,t it %e re,son,%&e , +*i"* 'e!ns t*!t t*e "l!ssi.i"!tion s*oul, $e 8=9 $!se, on su$st!nti!l ,istin"tions +*i"* '!1e .or re!l ,i..eren"es? 8@9 t*!t it 'ust $e %er'!ne to t*e &ur&ose o. t*e l!+? 8A9 t*!t it 'ust not $e li'ite, to e/istin% "on,itions only? !n, 8B9 t*!t it 'ust !&&ly e2u!lly to e!"* 'e'$er o. t*e "l!ss T*is Court *!s *el, t*!t t*e st!n,!r, is s!tis.ie, i. t*e "l!ssi.i"!tion or ,istin"tion is $!se, on ! re!son!$le .oun,!tion or r!tion!l $!sis !n, is not &!l&!$ly !r$itr!ry T*e Arroyo !,'inistr!tion is $ut 3ust ! 'e'$er o. ! "l!ss, t*!t is, ! "l!ss o. &!st !,'inistr!tions It is not ! "l!ss o. its o+n Not to in"lu,e &!st !,'inistr!tions si'il!rly situ!te, "onstitutes !r$itr!riness +*i"* t*e e2u!l &rote"tion "l!use "!nnot s!n"tion Su"* ,is"ri'in!tin% ,i..erenti!tion "le!rly re-er$er!tes to l!$el t*e "o''ission !s ! -e*i"le .or -in,i"ti-eness !n, sele"ti-e retri$ution A.ter ! 'ont* in o..i"e, Presi,ent Beni%no A2uino III issue, E/e"uti-e Or,er No = 8E O =9 on Duly AL, @L=L "re!tin% t*e P*ili&&ine Trut* Co''ission 8PTC9 T*e PTC +!s t!s1e, to "on,u"t ! t*orou%* .!"t).in,in% in-esti%!tion o. re&orte, "!ses o. %r!.t !n, "orru&tion in-ol-in% t*ir, le-el &u$li" o..i"ers ,urin% t*e !,'inistr!tion o. A2uinoQs &re,e"essor (lori! M!"!&!%!l)Arroyo, !n, t*ere!.ter su$'it its .in,in%s !n, re"o''en,!tions to t*e O..i"e o. t*e Presi,ent, Con%ress, !n, t*e O'$u,s'!n Pri-!te "iti6en Louis Bir!o%o !n, ! %rou& o. "on%ress'en le, $y L!1!s U!'&i CMD "*!ir'!n Re& E,"el L!%'!n .ile, in t*e Su&re'e Court se&!r!te &etitions .or "ertior!ri !n, &ro*i$ition !ss!ilin% t*e "onstitution!lity o. E O = $!se, on t*eir $elie. t*!t t*e "re!tion o. t*e PTC "onstitutes usur&!tion o. t*e le%isl!ti-e &o+er to "re!te &u$li" o..i"e, t*re!tens t*e in,e&en,en"e o. t*e O..i"e o. t*e O'$u,s'!n, !n, -iol!tes t*e e2u!l &rote"tion "l!use o. t*e P*ili&&ine Constitution .or s&e"i.i"!lly t!r%etin% "ert!in o..i"i!ls o. t*e Arroyo !,'inistr!tion T*e '!in issues r!ise, $e.ore t*e 5i%* Court +ere: 8=9 W*et*er t*e &resi,ent "!n "re!te &u$li" o..i"e su"* !s t*e PTC +it*out usur&in% t*e &o+ers o. Con%ress? 8@9 W*et*er t*e PTC su&&l!nts t*e &o+ers !lre!,y -este, on t*e O'$u,s'!n !n, t*e De&!rt'ent o. Dusti"e 8DOD9? !n,, 8A9 W*et*er t*e &ur&ose o. t*e PTC tr!ns%resses t*e "onstitution!l %u!r!ntee o. e2u!l &rote"tion o. t*e l!+s T3e Co$rtJs R$&in4 T*e &resi,ent *!s t*e !ut*ority to "re!te t*e Trut* Co''ission

M!3ority o. t*e 'e'$ers o. t*e Su&re'e Court re3e"te, t*e 3usti.i"!tion o. t*e Soli"itor (ener!l 8OS(9 t*!t t*e "re!tion o. t*e PTC .in,s $!sis on t*e &resi,entIs &o+er o. "ontrol o-er !ll e/e"uti-e o..i"es T*e De"ision stresse, t*!t J"ontrol; is essenti!lly t*e &o+er to !lter, 'o,i.y, nulli.y or set !si,e +*!t ! su$or,in!te o..i"er *!, ,one in t*e &er.or'!n"e o. *is ,uties !n, to su$stitute t*e 3u,%'ent o. t*e .or'er +it* t*!t o. t*e l!tter Cle!rly, t*e &o+er o. "ontrol is entirely ,i..erent .ro' t*e &o+er to "re!te &u$li" o..i"es T*e '!3ority !lso re3e"te, t*e OS(Is "l!i' t*!t t*!t t*e E O .in,s $!sis un,er Se" A= o. t*e A,'inistr!ti-e Co,e, +*i"* !ut*ori6es t*e &resi,ent to restru"ture t*e O..i"e o. t*e Presi,ent Cle!rly, Jrestr$ct$reE un,er t*e s!i, &ro-ision re.ers to re,u"tion o. &ersonnel, "onsoli,!tion or !$olition o. o..i"es $y re!son o. e"ono'y or re,un,!n"y T*is &resu&&oses !n !lre!,y e/istin% o..i"e T*e "re!tion o. !n o..i"e is no+*ere 'entione,, 'u"* less en-isione, in s!i, &ro-ision Nonet*eless, t*e &onen"i! !%ree, +it* t*e !r%u'ent o. t*e OS( t*!t t*e &resi,entIs &o+er to "re!te t*e PTC '!y .in, 3usti.i"!tion un,er t*e &resi,entIs ,uty un,er se" =F, Arti"le VII o. t*e Constitution Jto ensure t*!t t*e l!+s $e .!it*.ully e/e"ute, ; T*e Court *el, t*!t +*ile it is true t*!t t*e !ut*ority o. t*e &resi,ent to "on,u"t in-esti%!tions !n, to "re!te $o,ies to e/e"ute t*is &o+er is not e/&li"itly 'entione, in t*e Constitution or in st!tutes, it ,oes not ne"ess!rily 'e!n t*!t *e ,oes not *!-e su"* !ut*ority T*e &resi,ent *!s t*e o$li%!tion to ensure t*!t !ll e/e"uti-e o..i"i!ls !n, e'&loyees 8+*et*er .ro' &!st or &resent !,'inistr!tions9 .!it*.ully "o'&ly +it* t*e l!+ T*e &ur&ose o. !, *o" in-esti%!tin% $o,ies su"* !s t*e PTC is to !llo+ !n in2uiry into '!tters +*i"* t*e &resi,ent is entitle, to 1no+ so t*!t *e "!n $e &ro&erly !,-ise, !n, %ui,e, in t*e &er.or'!n"e o. *is ,uties rel!ti-e to t*e e/e"ution !n, en.or"e'ent o. t*e l!+s o. t*e l!n, T3e PTC -i&& not ero+e t3e in+e#en+ence of t3e Om%$+sm,n #o-ers or

o. t*e O'$u,s'!n, nine 8G9 o. t*e 3usti"es 3oine, Asso"i!te Dusti"e Dose C!tr!l Men,o6! in re.usin% to u&*ol, t*e "onstitution!lity o. E O = in -ie+ o. its !&&!rent tr!ns%ression o. t*e e2u!l &rote"tion "l!use ens*rine, in se" =, Art III o. t*e Constitution Senior Asso"i!te Dusti"e Antonio C!r&io +!s 3oine, $y .our 8B9 ot*ers in t*eir stron% ,issent L!yin% ,o+n ! lon% line o. &re"e,ents, t*e &onen"i! reiter!te, t*!t e2u!l &rote"tion si'&ly re2uires t*!t !ll &ersons or t*in%s si'il!rly situ!te, s*oul, $e tre!te, !li1e, $ot* !s to ri%*ts "on.erre, !n, res&onsi$ilities i'&ose, T*e &ur&ose o. t*e e2u!l &rote"tion "l!use is to se"ure e-ery &erson !%!inst intention!l !n, !r$itr!ry ,is"ri'in!tion A&&lyin% t*is &re"e&t, t*e '!3ority *el, t*!t E O = s*oul, $e stru"1 ,o+n !s -iol!ti-e o. t*e e2u!l &rote"tion "l!use T*e De"ision stresse, t*!t t*e "le!r '!n,!te o. t*e PTC is to in-esti%!te !n, .in, out t*e trut* J"on"ernin% t*e re&orte, "!ses o. %r!.t !n, "orru&tion ,urin% t*e &re-ious !,'inistr!tion; only T*e intent to sin%le out t*e &re-ious !,'inistr!tion is &l!in, &!tent !n, '!ni.est Mention o. it *!s $een '!,e in !t le!st t*ree &ortions o. t*e 2uestione, e/e"uti-e or,er T*e Arroyo !,'inistr!tion, !""or,in% to t*e &onen"i!, is 3ust ! 'e'$er o. ! "l!ss, t*!t is, ! "l!ss o. &!st !,'inistr!tions It is not ! "l!ss o. its o+n Not to in"lu,e &!st !,'inistr!tions si'il!rly situ!te, "onstitutes !r$itr!riness +*i"* t*e e2u!l &rote"tion "l!use "!nnot s!n"tion Su"* ,is"ri'in!tin% ,i..erenti!tion %!-e t*e '!3ority !n i'&ression t*!t t*e PTC is 3ust $ein% use, J!s ! -e*i"le .or -in,i"ti-eness !n, sele"ti-e retri$ution; !n, t*!t E O = is only !n J!,-enture in &!rtis!n *ostility ; W*ile t*e Court re"o%ni6e, t*!t t*e "re!tion o. t*e PTC +!s ins&ire, +it* no$le intentions, t*e &onen"i! nonet*eless re'in,e, t*e %o-ern'ent o. t*e et*i"!l &rin"i&le t*!t Jt*e en, ,oes not 3usti.y t*e 'e!ns ; It e'&*!ti"!lly "lose, $y stressin% t*!t t*e se!r"* .or t*e trut* 'ust $e +it*in "onstitution!l $oun,s, .or Jours is still ! %o-ern'ent o. l!+s !n, not o. 'en ; !!) *,#is,n,n n4 m4, *,-,ni n4 Ener45 Re4$&,tor5 Ao,r+ vs Commissioner 2e A,rin 2ACTS. Petitioner U!&is!n!n n% '%! U!+!ni n% Ener%y Re%ul!tory Bo!r, 8UERB9 see1s to ,e"l!re Se"tion AK o. Re&u$li" A"t No G=AE 8RA G=AE9, +*i"* !$olis*e, t*e Ener%y Re%ul!tory Bo!r, 8ERB9 !n, "re!te, t*e ERC, !s un"onstitution!l !n, to &ro*i$it t*e ERC Co''issioners .ro' .illin% u& t*e ERCIs &l!ntill! Un,er RA G=AE, t*e e/istin% &ersonnel o. t*e ERB, i. 2u!li.ie,, s*!ll $e %i-en &re.eren"e in t*e .illin% u& o. &l!ntill! &ositions "re!te, in t*e ERC, su$3e"t to e/istin% "i-il ser-i"e rules !n, re%ul!tions

T*e Court !lso *el, t*!t t*e in-esti%!ti-e .un"tion o. t*e "o''ission +ill not su&&l!nt nor t*re!ten t*e in,e&en,en"e o. t*e O..i"e o. t*e O'$u,s'!n I. !t !ll, it +ill "o'&le'ent t*e .un"tions o. t*e O'$u,s'!n !n, t*e De&!rt'ent o. Dusti"e As "orre"tly &ointe, out $y t*e OS(, t*e .un"tion o. t*e PTC is 'erely to re"o''en, &rose"ution, +*i"* is 3ust ! "onse2uen"e o. its .!"t).in,in% in-esti%!tion T*e !"tu!l &rose"ution o. sus&e"te, o..en,ers, 'u"* less !,3u,i"!tion on t*e 'erits o. t*e "*!r%es !%!inst t*e', is "ert!inly not ! .un"tion %i-en to t*e PTC T3e #$r#ose of t3e PTC offen+s t3e eC$,& #rotection c&,$se W*ile t*e Court +!s !l'ost un!ni'ous in *ol,in% t*!t t*e &resi,ent in,ee, *!, t*e !ut*ority to "re!te t*e PTC !n, t*!t it +oul, not un,uly ,u&li"!te t*e &o+ers

ISS9ES. UERB r!ises t*e .ollo+in% issues $e.ore t*is Court: = W*et*er Se"tion AK o. RA G=AE !$olis*in% t*e ERB is "onstitution!l? !n, W*et*er t*e Co''issioners o. t*e ERC +ere "orre"t in ,isre%!r,in% !n, "onsi,erin% 'erely su&&letory in C*!r!"ter t*e &rote"ti-e '!ntle o. RA EE<E !s to t*e ERB e'&loyees or &etitioner in t*is "!se OBP

t*ere is ! -oi, !$olition, t*e in"u'$ent is ,ee'e, to *!-e ne-er "e!se, *ol,in% o..i"e UERB !sserts t*!t t*ere +!s no -!li, !$olition o. t*e ERB $ut t*ere +!s 'erely ! reor%!ni6!tion ,one in $!, .!it* We t*us nee, to "o'&!re t*e &ro-isions enu'er!tin% t*e &o+ers !n, .un"tions o. t*e ERB !n, t*e ERC to see +*et*er t*ey *!-e su$st!nti!lly t*e s!'e .un"tions A.ter "o'&!rin% t*e .un"tions o. t*e ERB !n, t*e ERC, +e .in, t*!t t*e ERC in,ee, !ssu'e, t*e .un"tions o. t*e ERB 5o+e-er, t*e o-erl!& in t*e .un"tions o. t*e ERB !n, o. t*e ERC ,oes not 'e!n t*!t t*ere is no -!li, !$olition o. t*e ERB T*e ERC *!s ne- ,n+ e<#,n+e+ f$nctions +*i"* !re inten,e, to 'eet t*e s&e"i.i" nee,s o. ! ,ere%ul!te, &o+er in,ustry In,ee,, "ational #and ;itles and &eeds Re$istration Administration v. Civil Service Commission st!te, t*!t: OIP. t*e ne+ly "re!te, o..i"e *!s su$st!nti!lly ne+, ,i..erent or !,,ition!l .un"tions, ,uties or &o+ers, so t*!t it '!y $e s!i, in .!"t to "re!te !n o..i"e ,i..erent .ro' t*e one !$olis*e,, e-en t*ou%* it e'$r!"es !ll or so'e o. t*e ,uties o. t*e ol, o..i"e it +ill $e "onsi,ere, !s !n !$olition o. one o..i"e !n, t*e "re!tion o. ! ne+ or ,i..erent one T*e s!'e is true i. one o..i"e is !$olis*e, !n, its ,uties, .or re!sons o. e"ono'y !re %i-en to !n e/istin% o..i"er or o..i"e O=AP T*ere is no 2uestion in our 'in,s t*!t, $e"!use o. t*e e/&!nsion o. t*e ERCIs .un"tions !n, "on"erns, t*ere +!s ! -!li, !$olition o. t*e ERB T*us, t*ere is no 'erit to UERBIs !lle%!tion t*!t t*ere is !n i'&!ir'ent o. t*e se"urity o. tenure o. t*e ERBIs e'&loyees !2) C:R Em#&o5ees Assoc vs C:R 2ACTS. Con%ress &!sse, RA K<@@, ot*er+ise 1no+n !s t*e Gener,& A##ro#ri,tions Act of !((6. It &ro-i,e, .or S&e"i!l Pro-isions A&&li"!$le to All Constitution!l O..i"es En3oyin% Fis"!l Autono'y On t*e stren%t* o. t*ese s&e"i!l &ro-isions, t*e C5R &ro'ul%!te, Resolution No AGK)LBF !,o&tin% !n u&%r!,in% !n, re"l!ssi.i"!tion s"*e'e !'on% sele"te, &ositions in t*e Co''ission By -irtue o. Resolution No AGK)LE@, t*e C5R J"oll!&se,; t*e -!"!nt &ositions in t*e $o,y to &ro-i,e !,,ition!l sour"e o. .un,in% .or s!i, st!..in% 'o,i.i"!tion T*e C5R .or+!r,e, s!i, st!..in% 'o,i.i"!tion !n, u&%r!,in% s"*e'e to t*e DBM +it* ! re2uest .or its

R9LING O2 T:E CO9RT All l!+s en3oy t*e &resu'&tion o. "onstitution!lity To 3usti.y t*e nulli.i"!tion o. ! l!+, t*ere 'ust $e ! "le!r !n, une2ui-o"!l $re!"* o. t*e Constitution UERB .!ile, to s*o+ !ny $re!"* o. t*e Constitution A &u$li" o..i"e is "re!te, $y t*e Constitution or $y l!+ or $y !n o..i"er or tri$un!l to +*i"* t*e &o+er to "re!te t*e o..i"e *!s $een ,ele%!te, $y t*e le%isl!ture OEP T*e &o+er to "re!te !n o..i"e "!rries +it* it t*e &o+er to !$olis* Presi,ent Cor!6on C A2uino, t*en e/er"isin% *er le%isl!ti-e &o+ers, "re!te, t*e ERB $y issuin% E/e"uti-e Or,er No =F@ on K M!y =GKF T*e 2uestion o. +*et*er ! l!+ !$olis*es !n o..i"e is ! 2uestion o. le%isl!ti-e intent T*ere s*oul, not $e !ny "ontro-ersy i. t*ere is !n e/&li"it ,e"l!r!tion o. !$olition in t*e l!+ itsel. K7L Section @6 of RA (!@0 e<#&icit&5 ,%o&is3e+ t3e ERA. 5o+e-er, !$olition o. !n o..i"e !n, its rel!te, &ositions is ,i..erent .ro' re'o-!l o. !n in"u'$ent .ro' *is o..i"e A$olition !n, re'o-!l !re 'utu!lly e/"lusi-e "on"e&ts Fro' ! le%!l st!n,&oint, t*ere is no o""u&!nt in !n !$olis*e, o..i"e W*ere t*ere is no o""u&!nt, t*ere is no tenure to s&e!1 o. T*us, i'&!ir'ent o. t*e "onstitution!l %u!r!ntee o. se"urity o. tenure ,oes not !rise in t*e !$olition o. !n o..i"e On t*e ot*er *!n,, re'o-!l i'&lies t*!t t*e o..i"e !n, its rel!te, &ositions su$sist !n, t*!t t*e o""u&!nts !re 'erely se&!r!te, .ro' t*eir &ositions
OKP

A -!li, or,er o. !$olition 'ust not only "o'e .ro' ! le%iti'!te $o,y, it 'ust !lso $e '!,e in %oo, .!it* An !$olition is '!,e in %oo, .!it* +*en it is not '!,e .or &oliti"!l or &erson!l re!sons, or +*en it ,oes not "ir"u'-ent t*e "onstitution!l se"urity o. tenure o. "i-il ser-i"e e'&loyees OGP A$olition o. !n o..i"e '!y $e $rou%*t !$out $y re!sons o. e"ono'y, or to re'o-e re,un,!n"y o. .un"tions, or ! "le!r !n, e/&li"it "onstitution!l '!n,!te .or su"* ter'in!tion o. e'&loy'ent O=LP W*ere one o..i"e is !$olis*e, !n, re&l!"e, +it* !not*er o..i"e -este, +it* si'il!r .un"tions, t*e !$olition is ! le%!l nullity O==P W*en

!&&ro-!l, $ut t*e t*en DBM se"ret!ry ,enie, t*e re2uest In li%*t o. t*e DBMIs ,is!&&ro-!l o. t*e &ro&ose, &ersonnel 'o,i.i"!tion s"*e'e, t*e CSC)N!tion!l C!&it!l Re%ion O..i"e, t*rou%* ! 'e'or!n,u', re"o''en,e, to t*e CSC)Centr!l O..i"e t*!t t*e su$3e"t !&&oint'ents $e re3e"te, o+in% to t*e DBMIs ,is!&&ro-!l o. t*e &l!ntill! re"l!ssi.i"!tion Me!n+*ile, t*e o..i"ers o. &etitioner C5R)e'&loyees !sso"i!tion 8C5REA9 in re&resent!tion o. t*e r!n1 !n, .ile e'&loyees o. t*e C5R, re2ueste, t*e CSC) Centr!l O..i"e to !..ir' t*e re"o''en,!tion o. t*e CSC)Re%ion!l O..i"e T*e CSC)Centr!l O..i"e ,enie, C5REAIs re2uest in ! Resolution !n, reverse+ t*e re"o''en,!tion o. t*e CSC)Re%ion!l O..i"e t*!t t*e u&%r!,in% s"*e'e $e "ensure, C5REA .ile, ! 'otion .or re"onsi,er!tion, $ut t*e CSC)Centr!l O..i"e ,enie, t*e s!'e C5REA ele-!te, t*e '!tter to t*e CA, +*i"* ,ffirme+ t*e &ronoun"e'ent o. t*e CSC) Centr!l O..i"e !n, u&*el, t*e -!li,ity o. t*e u&%r!,in%, retitlin%, !n, re"l!ssi.i"!tion s"*e'e in t*e C5R on t*e 3usti.i"!tion t*!t su"* !"tion is +it*in t*e !'$it o. C5RIs .is"!l !utono'y ISS9E. C!n t*e C5R -!li,ly i'&le'ent !n u&%r!,in%, re"l!ssi.i"!tion, "re!tion, !n, "oll!&sin% o. &l!ntill! &ositions in t*e Co''ission +it*out t*e &rior !&&ro-!l o. t*e De&!rt'ent o. Bu,%et !n, M!n!%e'entR :ELD. T*e &etition is (RANTED, t*e De"ision o. t*e CA !n, !re *ere$y REVERSED !n, SET ASIDE T*e rulin% CSC)N!tion!l C!&it!l Re%ion is REINSTATED T*e A C5R Resolutions, +it*out t*e !&&ro-!l o. t*e DBM !re ,is!llo+e, = RA EF<K, An A"t Pres"ri$in% ! Re-ise, Co'&ens!tion !n, Position Cl!ssi.i"!tion Syste' in t*e (o-ern'ent !n, For Ot*er Pur&oses, or t*e S!l!ry St!n,!r,i6!tion L!+, &ro-i,es t*!t it is t*e DBM t*!t s*!ll est!$lis* !n, !,'inister ! uni.ie, Co'&ens!tion !n, Position Cl!ssi.i"!tion Syste' T*e ,is&ut!tion o. t*e CA t*!t t*e C5R is e/e'&t .ro' t*e lon% !r' o. t*e S!l!ry St!n,!r,i6!tion L!+ is .l!+e, "onsi,erin% t*!t t*e "o-er!%e t*ereo. en"o'&!sses t*e entire %!'ut o. %o-ern'ent o..i"es, s!ns 2u!li.i"!tion T*is &o+er to J!,'inister; is not &urely 'inisteri!l in "*!r!"ter !s erroneously *el, $y t*e CA T*e +or, to

!,'inister 'e!ns to "ontrol or re%ul!te in $e*!l. o. ot*ers? to ,ire"t or su&erinten, t*e e/e"ution, !&&li"!tion or "on,u"t o.? !n, to '!n!%e or "on,u"t &u$li" !..!irs, !s to !,'inister t*e %o-ern'ent o. t*e st!te @ T*e re%ul!tory &o+er o. t*e DBM on '!tters o. "o'&ens!tion is en"ry&te, not only in l!+, $ut in 3uris&ru,en"e !s +ell In t*e re"ent "!se o. PRA BuV!%, t*is Court rule, t*!t "o'&ens!tion, !llo+!n"es, !n, ot*er $ene.its re"ei-e, $y PRA o..i"i!ls !n, e'&loyees +it*out t*e re2uisite !&&ro-!l or !ut*ority o. t*e DBM !re un!ut*ori6e, !n, irre%ul!r In Vi"torin! Cru6 - CA , +e *el, t*!t t*e DBM *!s t*e sole &o+er !n, ,is"retion to !,'inister t*e "o'&ens!tion !n, &osition "l!ssi.i"!tion syste' o. t*e n!tion!l %o-ern'ent In Inti!, Dr - COA t*e Court *el, t*!t !lt*ou%* t*e "*!rter o. t*e PPC %r!nts it t*e &o+er to .i/ t*e "o'&ens!tion !n, $ene.its o. its e'&loyees !n, e/e'&ts PPC .ro' t*e "o-er!%e o. t*e rules !n, re%ul!tions o. t*e Co'&ens!tion !n, Position Cl!ssi.i"!tion O..i"e, $y -irtue o. Se"tion E o. P D No =<GF, t*e "o'&ens!tion syste' est!$lis*e, $y t*e PPC is, nonet*eless, su$3e"t to t*e re-ie+ o. t*e DBM 8It s*oul, $e e'&*!si6e, t*!t t*e re-ie+ $y t*e DBM o. !ny PPC resolution !..e"tin% t*e "o'&ens!tion stru"ture o. its &ersonnel s*oul, not $e inter&rete, to 'e!n t*!t t*e DBM "!n ,i"t!te u&on t*e PPC Bo!r, o. Dire"tors !n, ,e&ri-e t*e l!tter o. its ,is"retion on t*e '!tter R!t*er, t*e DBMIs .un"tion is 'erely to ensure t*!t t*e !"tion t!1en $y t*e Bo!r, o. Dire"tors "o'&lies +it* t*e re2uire'ents o. t*e l!+, s&e"i.i"!lly, t*!t PPCIs "o'&ens!tion syste' J"on.or's !s "losely !s &ossi$le +it* t*!t &ro-i,e, .or un,er R A No EF<K ; 9 A As 'e!sure, $y t*e .ore%oin% le%!l !n, 3uris&ru,enti!l y!r,sti"1s, t*e i'&ri'!tur o. t*e DBM 'ust .irst $e sou%*t &rior to i'&le'ent!tion o. !ny re"l!ssi.i"!tion or u&%r!,in% o. &ositions in %o-ern'ent T*is is "onson!nt to t*e '!n,!te o. t*e DBM un,er t*e RAC of !(67, Se"tion A, C*!&ter =, Title NVII, to +it: SEC A Po+ers !n, Fun"tions C T*e De&!rt'ent o. Bu,%et !n, M!n!%e'ent s*!ll !ssist t*e Presi,ent in t*e &re&!r!tion o. ! n!tion!l resour"es !n, e/&en,itures $u,%et, &re&!r!tion, e/e"ution !n, "ontrol o. t*e N!tion!l

Bu,%et, &re&!r!tion !n, '!inten!n"e o. !""ountin% syste's essenti!l to t*e $u,%et!ry &ro"ess, !"*ie-e'ent o. 'ore e"ono'y !n, e..i"ien"y in t*e '!n!%e'ent o. %o-ern'ent o&er!tions, !,'inistr!tion o. "o'&ens!tion !n, &osition "l!ssi.i"!tion syste's, !ssess'ent o. or%!ni6!tion!l e..e"ti-eness !n, re-ie+ !n, e-!lu!tion o. le%isl!ti-e &ro&os!ls *!-in% $u,%et!ry or or%!ni6!tion!l i'&li"!tions Irre.r!%!$ly, it is +it*in t*e tur. o. t*e DBM Se"ret!ry to ,is!llo+ t*e u&%r!,in%, re"l!ssi.i"!tion, !n, "re!tion o. !,,ition!l &l!ntill! &ositions in t*e C5R $!se, on its .in,in% t*!t su"* s"*e'e l!"1s le%!l 3usti.i"!tion Not!$ly, t*e C5R itsel. re"o%ni6es t*e !ut*ority o. t*e DBM to ,eny or !&&ro-e t*e &ro&ose, re"l!ssi.i"!tion o. &ositions !s e-i,en"e, $y its t*ree letters to t*e DBM re2uestin% !&&ro-!l t*ereo. As su"*, it is no+ esto&&e, .ro' no+ "l!i'in% t*!t t*e no, o. !&&ro-!l it *!s &re-iously sou%*t .ro' t*e DBM is ! su&er.luity B T*e CA in"orre"tly relie, on t*e &ronoun"e'ent o. t*e CSC)Centr!l O..i"e t*!t t*e C5R is ! "onstitution!l "o''ission, !n, !s su"* en3oys .is"!l !utono'y P!l&!$ly, t*e CAIs De"ision +!s $!se, on t*e 'ist!1en &re'ise t*!t t*e C5R $elon%s to t*e s&e"ies o. "onstitution!l "o''issions But t*e Constitution st!tes in no un"ert!in ter's t*!t only t*e CSC, t*e COMELEC, !n, t*e COA s*!ll $e t!%%e, !s Constitution!l Co''issions +it* t*e !&&urten!nt ri%*t to .is"!l !utono'y Alon% t*e s!'e -ein, t*e A,'inistr!ti-e Co,e, on Distri$ution o. Po+ers o. (o-ern'ent, t*e "onstitution!l "o''issions s*!ll in"lu,e only t*e CSC, t*e COMELEC, !n, t*e COA, +*i"* !re %r!nte, in,e&en,en"e !n, .is"!l !utono'y In "ontr!st, C*!&ter <, Se"tion @G t*ereo., is silent on t*e %r!nt o. si'il!r &o+ers to t*e ot*er $o,ies in"lu,in% t*e C5R T*us: SEC @B Constitution!l Co''issions C T*e Constitution!l Co''issions, +*i"* s*!ll $e in,e&en,ent, !re t*e Ci-il Ser-i"e Co''ission, t*e Co''ission on Ele"tions, !n, t*e Co''ission on Au,it SEC @E Fis"!l Autono'y C T*e Constitution!l Co''issions s*!ll en3oy .is"!l !utono'y T*e !&&ro-e, !nnu!l !&&ro&ri!tions s*!ll $e !uto'!ti"!lly !n, re%ul!rly rele!se,

SEC @G Ot*er Bo,ies C T*ere s*!ll $e in !""or,!n"e +it* t*e Constitution, !n O..i"e o. t*e O'$u,s'!n, ! Co''ission on 5u'!n Ri%*ts, !n, in,e&en,ent "entr!l 'onet!ry !ut*ority, !n, ! n!tion!l &oli"e "o''ission Li1e+ise, !s &ro-i,e, in t*e Constitution, Con%ress '!y est!$lis* !n in,e&en,ent e"ono'i" !n, &l!nnin% !%en"y Fro' t*e =GKF Constitution !n, t*e A,'inistr!ti-e Co,e, it is !$un,!ntly "le!r t*!t t*e C5R is not !'on% t*e "l!ss o. Constitution!l Co''issions As e/&resse, in t*e o.t)re&e!te, '!/i' e6pressio unius est e6clusio alterius, t*e e/&ress 'ention o. one &erson, t*in%, !"t or "onse2uen"e e/"lu,es !ll ot*ers St!te, ot*er+ise, e6pressium facit cessare tacitum C +*!t is e/&resse, &uts !n en, to +*!t is i'&lie, Nor is t*ere !ny le%!l $!sis to su&&ort t*e "ontention t*!t t*e C5R en3oys .is"!l !utono'y In essen"e, .is"!l !utono'y ent!ils .ree,o' .ro' outsi,e "ontrol !n, li'it!tions, ot*er t*!n t*ose &ro-i,e, $y l!+ It is t*e .ree,o' to !llo"!te !n, utili6e .un,s %r!nte, $y l!+, in !""or,!n"e +it* l!+, !n, &ursu!nt to t*e +is,o' !n, ,is&!t"* its nee,s '!y re2uire .ro' ti'e to ti'e @@ In Bl!2uer! - Al"!l! !n, Ben%6on Drilon,@A it is un,erstoo, t*!t it is only t*e Du,i"i!ry, t*e CSC, t*e COA, t*e COMELEC, !n, t*e O..i"e o. t*e O'$u,s'!n, +*i"* en3oy .is"!l !utono'y Neit*er ,oes t*e .!"t t*!t t*e C5R +!s !,'itte, !s ! 'e'$er $y t*e Constitution!l Fis"!l Autono'y (rou& 8CFA(9 i&so .!"to "lot*e, it +it* .is"!l !utono'y Fis"!l !utono'y is ! "onstitution!l %r!nt, not ! t!% o$t!in!$le $y 'e'$ers*i& We note +it* interest t*!t t*e s&e"i!l &ro-ision un,er Re& A"t No K<@@, +*ile "ite, un,er t*e *e!,in% o. t*e C5R, ,i, not s&e"i.i"!lly 'ention C5R !s !'on% t*ose o..i"es to +*i"* t*e s&e"i!l &ro-ision to .or'ul!te !n, i'&le'ent or%!ni6!tion!l stru"tures !&&ly, $ut 'erely st!tes its "o-er!%e to in"lu,e Constitution!l Co''issions !n, O..i"es en3oyin% .is"!l !utono'y All tol,, t*e C5R, !lt*ou%* !,'itte,ly ! "onstitution!l "re!tion is, nonet*eless, not in"lu,e, in t*e %enus o. o..i"es !""or,e, .is"!l !utono'y $y "onstitution!l or le%isl!ti-e .i!t E-en !ssu'in% en !r%uen,o t*!t t*e C5R en3oys .is"!l !utono'y, +e s*!re t*e st!n"e o. t*e DBM t*!t t*e %r!nt o. .is"!l !utono'y not+it*st!n,in%, !ll %o-ern'ent o..i"es 'ust, !ll t*e s!'e, .ollo+ to t*e

S!l!ry St!n,!r,i6!tion L!+ We !re o. t*e s!'e 'in, +it* t*e DBM on its st!n,&oint, t*us) Bein% ! 'e'$er o. t*e .is"!l !utono'y %rou& ,oes not -est t*e !%en"y +it* t*e !ut*ority to re"l!ssi.y, u&%r!,e, !n, "re!te &ositions +it*out !&&ro-!l o. t*e DBM W*ile t*e 'e'$ers o. t*e (rou& !re !ut*ori6e, to .or'ul!te !n, i'&le'ent t*e or%!ni6!tion!l stru"tures o. t*eir res&e"ti-e o..i"es !n, ,eter'ine t*e "o'&ens!tion o. t*eir &ersonnel, su"* !ut*ority is not !$solute !n, 'ust $e e/er"ise, +it*in t*e &!r!'eters o. t*e Uni.ie, Position Cl!ssi.i"!tion !n, Co'&ens!tion Syste' est!$lis*e, un,er RA EF<K 'ore &o&ul!rly 1no+n !s t*e Co'&ens!tion St!n,!r,i6!tion L!+ < T*e 'ost lu"i, !r%u'ent !%!inst t*e st!n, o. res&on,ent, *o+e-er, is t*e &ro-ision o. Re& A"t No K<@@ Jt*!t t*e i'&le'ent!tion *ereo. s*!ll $e in !""or,!n"e +it* s!l!ry r!tes, !llo+!n"es !n, ot*er $ene.its !ut*ori6e, un,er "o'&ens!tion @E st!n,!r,i6!tion l!+s ; NOTES. = Res&on,ent C5R s*!r&ly retorts t*!t &etitioner *!s no lo"us st!n,i "onsi,erin% t*!t t*ere e/ists no o..i"i!l +ritten re"or, in t*e Co''ission re"o%ni6in% &etitioner !s ! $on! .i,e or%!ni6!tion o. its e'&loyees nor is t*ere !nyt*in% in t*e re"or,s to s*o+ t*!t its &resi,ent *!s t*e !ut*ority to sue t*e C5R On &etitionerIs &erson!lity to $rin% t*is suit, +e *el, in ! 'ultitu,e o. "!ses t*!t ! #ro#er #,rt5 is one +*o *!s sust!ine, or is in i''e,i!te ,!n%er o. sust!inin% !n in3ury !s ! result o. t*e !"t "o'&l!ine, o. 5ere, &etitioner, +*i"* "onsists o. r!n1 !n, .ile e'&loyees o. res&on,ent C5R, &rotests t*!t t*e u&%r!,in% !n, "oll!&sin% o. &ositions $ene.ite, only ! sele"t .e+ in t*e u&&er le-el &ositions in t*e Co''ission resultin% to t*e ,e'or!li6!tion o. t*e r!n1 !n, .ile e'&loyees T*is su..i"iently 'eets t*e in3ury test In,ee,, t*e C5RIs u&%r!,in% s"*e'e, i. .oun, to $e -!li,, &otenti!lly ent!ils e!tin% u& t*e Co''issionIs s!-in%s or t*!t &ortion o. its $u,%et!ry &ie ot*er+ise !llo"!te, .or Personnel Ser-i"es, .ro' +*i"* t*e $ene.its o. t*e e'&loyees, in"lu,in% t*ose in t*e r!n1 !n, .ile, !re ,eri-e, Furt*er, t*e &erson!lity o. &etitioner to .ile t*is "!se +!s re"o%ni6e, $y t*e CSC +*en it too1 "o%ni6!n"e o. t*e C5REAIs re2uest to !..ir' t*e re"o''en,!tion o. t*e CSC)N!tion!l C!&it!l Re%ion O..i"e C5REAIs &erson!lity to $rin% t*e suit +!s ! non)issue in t*e CA +*en it &!sse, u&on t*e 'erits o. t*is "!se T*us,

neit*er s*oul, our *!n,s $e tie, $y t*is te"*ni"!l "on"ern In,ee,, it is settle, 3uris&ru,en"e t*!t !n issue t*!t +!s neit*er r!ise, in t*e "o'&l!int nor in t*e "ourt $elo+ "!nnot $e r!ise, .or t*e .irst ti'e on !&&e!l, !s to ,o so +oul, $e o..ensi-e to t*e $!si" rules o. .!ir &l!y, 3usti"e, !n, ,ue &ro"ess @ In line +it* its role to $re!t*e li.e into t*e &oli"y $e*in, t*e S!l!ry St!n,!r,i6!tion L!+ o. J&ro-i,in% e2u!l &!y .or su$st!nti!lly e2u!l +or1 !n, to $!se ,i..eren"es in &!y u&on su$st!nti-e ,i..eren"es in ,uties !n, res&onsi$ilities, !n, 2u!li.i"!tion re2uire'ents o. t*e &ositions,; t*e DBM, in t*e "!se un,er re-ie+, '!,e ! ,eter'in!tion, !.ter ! t*orou%* e-!lu!tion, t*!t t*e re"l!ssi.i"!tion !n, u&%r!,in% s"*e'e &ro&ose, $y t*e C5R l!"1s le%!l r!tion!li6!tion T*e DBM e/&oun,e, t*!t Se"tion FK o. t*e %ener!l &ro-isions o. t*e (ener!l A&&ro&ri!tions A"t F7 =GGK, +*i"* t*e C5R *e!-ily relies u&on to 3usti.y its re"l!ssi.i"!tion s"*e'e, e/&li"itly &ro-i,es t*!t Jno or%!ni6!tion!l unit or "*!n%es in 1ey &ositions s*!ll $e !ut*ori6e, unless &ro-i,e, $y l!+ or ,ire"te, $y t*e Presi,ent ; 5ere, t*e DBM ,is"erne, t*!t t*ere is no l!+ !ut*ori6in% t*e "re!tion o. ! Fin!n"e M!n!%e'ent O..i"e !n, ! Pu$li" A..!irs O..i"e in t*e C5R Anent C5RIs &ro&os!l to u&%r!,e t+el-e &ositions o. Attorney VI, S()@E to Dire"tor IV, S()@K, !n, .our &ositions o. Dire"tor III, S()@F to Dire"tor IV, S()@K, in t*e Centr!l O..i"e, t*e DBM ,enie, t*e s!'e !s t*is +oul, c3,n4e t3e conte<t from s$##ort to s$%st,ntive -it3o$t ,ct$,& c3,n4e in f$nctions. T*is -ie+ o. t*e DBM, !s t*e l!+Is ,esi%n!te, $o,y to i'&le'ent !n, !,'inister ! uni.ie, "o'&ens!tion syste', is $eyon, "!-il T3e inter#ret,tion of ,n ,+ministr,tive 4overnment ,4enc5/ -3ic3 is t,s=e+ to im#&ement , st,t$te is ,ccor+e+ 4re,t res#ect ,n+ or+in,ri&5 contro&s t3e constr$ction of t3e co$rts In Ener%y Re%ul!tory Bo!r, - CA, +e e"*oe, t*e $!si" rule t*!t t*e "ourts +ill not inter.ere in '!tters +*i"* !re !,,resse, to t*e soun, ,is"retion o. %o-ern'ent !%en"ies entruste, +it* t*e re%ul!tion o. !"ti-ities "o'in% un,er t*e s&e"i!l te"*ni"!l 1no+le,%e !n, tr!inin% o. su"* !%en"ies

Reor4,ni>,tion of A+ministr,tive A4encies. ,. Definition of Reor4,ni>,tion Reor%!ni6!tion is t*e !"t or &ro"ess o. or%!ni6in% !%!in or !ne+ 8Bl!"1Is L!+ Di"tion!ry9

Reor%!ni6!tion in-ol-es t*e re,u"tion o. &ersonnel, "onsoli,!tion o. o..i"es, or !$olition t*ereo. $y re!son o. e"ono'y or re,un,!n"y o. .un"tions I It t!1es &l!"e +*en t*ere is !n !lter!tion o. t*e e/istin% stru"ture o. %o-ern'ent o..i"es or units t*erein, in"lu,in% t*e lines o. "ontrol, !ut*ority !n, res&onsi$ility $et+een t*e' %. Presi+entMs #o-er to reor4,ni>eG %,sis

Se" F (ener!l or S&e"i!l Or,ers ) A"ts !n, "o''!n,s o. t*e Presi,ent in *is "!&!"ity !s Co''!n,er)in)C*ie. o. t*e Ar'e, For"es o. t*e P*ili&&ines s*!ll $e issue, !s %ener!l or s&e"i!l or,ers c. Po-er of ot3er ,4encies &imit,tions C,ses. to reor4,ni>eG

Un,er EO 2(2, t*e Presi,ent is %i-en t*e &o+er o. "ontrol o-er !ll ,e&!rt'ents, $ure!us !n, o..i"es un,er t*e e/e"uti-e $r!n"* Sin"e t*e &o+er o. "ontrol in"lu,es t*e &o+er to reor%!ni6e, t*en t*e &o+er to reor%!ni6e ! ,e&!rt'ent, ! $ure!u or !n o..i"e "!n $e s!i, to $e lo,%e, in t*e Presi,ent 8Crisosto'o -s CA9 Se" = Po+er o. Control ) T*e Presi,ent s*!ll *!-e "ontrol o. !ll t*e e/e"uti-e ,e&!rt'ents, $ure!us, !n, o..i"es 5e s*!ll ensure t*!t t*e l!+s $e .!it*.ully e/e"ute, C*!&ter @ ORDINANCE POWER Se" @ E/e"uti-e Or,ers ) A"ts o. t*e Presi,ent &ro-i,in% .or rules o. ! %ener!l or &er'!nent "*!r!"ter in i'&le'ent!tion or e/e"ution o. "onstitution!l or st!tutory &o+ers s*!ll $e &ro'ul%!te, in e/e"uti-e or,ers Se" A A,'inistr!ti-e Or,ers ) A"ts o. t*e Presi,ent +*i"* rel!te to &!rti"ul!r !s&e"t o. %o-ern'ent!l o&er!tions in &ursu!n"e o. *is ,uties !s !,'inistr!ti-e *e!, s*!ll $e &ro'ul%!te, in !,'inistr!ti-e or,ers Se" B Pro"l!'!tions ) A"ts o. t*e Presi,ent .i/in% ! ,!te or ,e"l!rin% ! st!tus or "on,ition o. &u$li" 'o'ent or interest, u&on t*e e/isten"e o. +*i"* t*e o&er!tion o. ! s&e"i.i" l!+ or re%ul!tion is '!,e to ,e&en,, s*!ll $e &ro'ul%!te, in &ro"l!'!tions +*i"* s*!ll *!-e t*e .or"e o. !n e/e"uti-e or,er Se" < Me'or!n,u' Or,ers ) A"ts o. t*e Presi,ent on '!tters o. !,'inistr!ti-e ,et!il or o. su$or,in!te or te'&or!ry interest +*i"* only "on"ern ! &!rti"ul!r o..i"er or o..i"e o. t*e (o-ern'ent s*!ll $e e'$o,ie, in 'e'or!n,u' or,ers Se" E Me'or!n,u' Cir"ul!rs ) A"ts o. t*e Presi,ent on '!tters rel!tin% to intern!l !,'inistr!tion, +*i"* t*e Presi,ent ,esires to $rin% to t*e !ttention o. !ll or so'e o. t*e ,e&!rt'ents, !%en"ies, $ure!us or o..i"es o. t*e (o-ern'ent, .or in.or'!tion or "o'&li!n"e, s*!ll $e e'$o,ie, in 'e'or!n,u' "ir"ul!rs

!@) An,= Min+,n,o P,rt58List Gro$# vs. T3e E<ec$tive secret,r5 2ACTS. Petitioners Ana- Min,!n!o P!rty)List (rou& 8AMIN9 !n, M!'!lo Des"en,!nts Or%!ni6!tion, In" 8MDOI9 !ss!il t*e "onstitution!lity o. E/e"uti-e Or,er 8E O 9 Nos AEB !n, AFG, $ot* issue, in @LLB, -i! t*e &resent Petition .or Certior!ri !n, Pro*i$ition +it* &r!yer .or in3un"ti-e relie. AMIN "*!r%es t*!t t*e tr!ns.or'in% t*e De&!rt'ent o. A%r!ri!n Re.or' into De&!rt'ent o. L!n, Re.or' is !n !"t o. t*e E/e"uti-e De&!rt'ent "onsi,ere, !s tr!ns%ression o. t*e &rin"i&le o. se&!r!tion o. &o+ers

AMIN "onten,s t*!t sin"e t*e DAR, PCUP !n, NCIP +ere "re!te, $y st!tutes,20 t*ey "!n only $e tr!ns.or'e,, 'er%e, or !tt!"*e, $y st!tutes, not $y 'ere e/e"uti-e or,ers W*ile AMIN "on"e,es t*!t t*e e/e"uti-e &o+er is -este, in t*e Presi,ent@= +*o, !s C*ie. E/e"uti-e, *ol,s t*e &o+er o. "ontrol o. !ll t*e e/e"uti-e ,e&!rt'ents, $ure!us, !n, o..i"es,@@ it &osits t*!t t*is $ro!, &o+er o. "ontrol in"lu,in% t*e &o+er to reor%!ni6e is 2u!li.ie, !n, li'ite,, .or it "!nnot $e e/er"ise, in ! '!nner "ontr!ry to l!+, "itin% t*e "onstitution!l ,uty@A o. t*e Presi,ent to ensure t*!t t*e l!+s, in"lu,in% t*ose "re!tin% t*e !%en"ies, $e .!it*.ully e/e"ute, AMIN "ites t*e n!'in% o. t*e PCUP !s ! &resi,enti!l "o''ission to $e "le!rly !n e/tension o. t*e Presi,ent, !n, t*e "re!tion o. t*e NCIP !s !n :in,e&en,ent !%en"y un,er t*e O..i"e o. t*e Presi,ent :@B It t*us !r%ues t*!t sin"e t*e le%isl!ture *!, seen .it to "re!te t*ese !%en"ies !t se&!r!te ti'es !n, +it* ,istin"t '!n,!tes, t*e Presi,ent s*oul, res&e"t t*!t le%isl!ti-e ,is&osition In .ine, AMIN "onten,s t*!t !ny reor%!ni6!tion o. t*ese !,'inistr!ti-e !%en"ies s*oul, $e t*e su$3e"t o. ! st!tute

ISS9E. WON reor%!ni6!tion o. t*ese !,'inistr!ti-e !%en"ies s*oul, $e t*e su$3e"t o. ! st!tute

R9LING. T*e issue on t*e tr!ns.or'!tion o. t*e De&!rt'ent o. A%r!ri!n Re.or' 8DAR9 into t*e De&!rt'ent o. L!n, Re.or' 8DLR9 $e"!'e 'oot !n, !"!,e'i", *o+e-er, t*e ,e&!rt'ent *!-in% re-erte, to its .or'er n!'e $y -irtue o. E O No B<E@ +*i"* +!s issue, on Au%ust @A, @LL< T*e Court is t*us le.t +it* t*e sole issue o. t*e le%!lity o. &l!"in% t*e Presi,enti!l Co''ission A .or t*e Ur$!n Poor 8PCUP9 un,er t*e su&er-ision !n, "ontrol o. t*e DAR, !n, t*e N!tion!l Co''ission on In,i%enous Peo&les 8NCIP9 un,er t*e DAR !s !n !tt!"*e, !%en"y Be.ore in2uirin% into t*e -!li,ity o. t*e reor%!ni6!tion, &etitionersI lo"us st!n,i or le%!l st!n,in%, inter alia,B$e"o'es ! &reli'in!ry 2uestion T*e O..i"e o. t*e Soli"itor (ener!l 8OS(9, on $e*!l. o. res&on,ents, "on"e,es t*!t AMIN < *!s t*e re2uisite le%!l st!n,in% to .ile t*is suit !s 'e'$er E o. Con%ress Petitioners .in, it i'&er'issi$le .or t*e E/e"uti-e to intru,e into t*e ,o'!in o. t*e Le%isl!ture T*ey &osit t*!t !n !"t o. t*e E/e"uti-e +*i"* in3ures t*e institution o. Con%ress "!uses ! ,eri-!ti-e $ut nonet*eless su$st!nti!l in3ury, +*i"* "!n $e 2uestione, $y ! 'e'$er o. Con%ress F T*ey !,, t*!t to t*e e/tent t*!t t*e &o+ers o. Con%ress !re i'&!ire,, so is t*e &o+er o. e!"* 'e'$er t*ereo., sin"e *is o..i"e "on.ers ! ri%*t to &!rti"i&!te in t*e e/er"ise o. t*e &o+ers o. t*!t institution K In,ee,, ! 'e'$er o. t*e 5ouse o. Re&resent!ti-es *!s st!n,in% to '!int!in in-iol!te t*e &rero%!ti-es, &o+ers !n, &ri-ile%es -este, $y t*e Constitution in *is o..i"e G T*e OS( 2uestions, *o+e-er, t*e st!n,in% o. MDOI, ! re%istere, &eo&leIs or%!ni6!tion o. ;edura% !n, #amban$ian tri$es.ol1 o. 8Nort*9 U&i !n, Sout* U&i in t*e &ro-in"e o. M!%uin,!n!o #ocus standi or le%!l st!n,in% *!s $een ,e.ine, !s ! &erson!l !n, su$st!nti!l interest in ! "!se su"* t*!t t*e &!rty *!s sust!ine, or +ill sust!in ,ire"t in3ury !s ! result o. t*e %o-ern'ent!l !"t t*!t is $ein% "*!llen%e, T*e %ist o. t*e 2uestion o. st!n,in% is +*et*er ! &!rty !lle%es su"* &erson!l st!1e in t*e out"o'e o. t*e "ontro-ersy !s to !ssure t*!t "on"rete !,-erseness +*i"* s*!r&ens t*e &resent!tion o. issues u&on +*i"* t*e "ourt ,e&en,s .or illu'in!tion o. ,i..i"ult "onstitution!l 2uestions =L For ! "on"erne, &!rty to $e !llo+e, to r!ise ! "onstitution!l 2uestion, it 'ust s*o+ t*!t 8=9 it *!s &erson!lly su..ere, so'e !"tu!l or t*re!tene, in3ury !s ! result o. t*e !lle%e,ly ille%!l "on,u"t o. t*e %o-ern'ent, 8@9 t*e in3ury is .!irly tr!"e!$le to t*e

"*!llen%e, !"tion, !n, 8A9 t*e in3ury is li1ely to $e re,resse, $y ! .!-or!$le !"tion =@ An e/!'in!tion o. MDOIIs ne$ulous "l!i's o. :ne%!ti-e i'&!"t: !n, :&ro$!$le set$!"1s:=A s*o+s t*!t t*ey !re too !$str!"t to $e "onsi,ere, 3u,i"i!lly "o%ni6!$le An, t*e line o. "!us!tion it &ro..ers $et+een t*e "*!llen%e, !"tion !n, !lle%e, in3ury is too !ttenu!te, W*ile Con%ress is -este, +it* t*e &o+er to en!"t l!+s, t*e Presi,ent e/e"utes t*e l!+s T*e e/e"uti-e &o+er is -este, in t*e Presi,ent It is %ener!lly ,e.ine, !s t*e &o+er to en.or"e !n, !,'inister t*e l!+s It is t*e &o+er o. "!rryin% t*e l!+s into &r!"ti"!l o&er!tion !n, en.or"in% t*eir ,ue o$ser-!n"e As *e!, o. t*e E/e"uti-e De&!rt'ent, t*e Presi,ent is t*e C*ie. E/e"uti-e 5e re&resents t*e %o-ern'ent !s ! +*ole !n, sees to it t*!t !ll l!+s !re en.or"e, $y t*e o..i"i!ls !n, e'&loyees o. *is ,e&!rt'ent 5e *!s "ontrol o-er t*e e/e"uti-e ,e&!rt'ent, $ure!us !n, o..i"es T*is 'e!ns t*!t *e *!s t*e !ut*ority to !ssu'e ,ire"tly t*e .un"tions o. t*e e/e"uti-e ,e&!rt'ent, $ure!u !n, o..i"e, or inter.ere +it* t*e ,is"retion o. its o..i"i!ls Coroll!ry to t*e &o+er o. "ontrol, t*e Presi,ent !lso *!s t*e ,uty o. su&er-isin% !n, en.or"e'ent o. l!+s .or t*e '!inten!n"e o. %ener!l &e!"e !n, &u$li" or,er T*us, *e is %r!nte, !,'inistr!ti-e &o+er o-er $ure!us !n, o..i"es un,er *is "ontrol to en!$le *i' to ,is"*!r%e *is ,uties e..e"ti-ely @< 8It!li"s o'itte,, un,ers"orin% su&&lie,9 T*e ConstitutionIs e/&ress %r!nt o. t*e &o+er o. "ontrol in t*e Presi,ent 3usti.ies !n e/e"uti-e !"tion to "!rry out reor%!ni6!tion 'e!sures un,er ! $ro!, !ut*ority o. l!+ @E In en!"tin% ! st!tute, t*e le%isl!ture is &resu'e, to *!-e ,eli$er!te, +it* .ull 1no+le,%e o. !ll e/istin% l!+s !n, 3uris&ru,en"e on t*e su$3e"t @F It is t*us re!son!$le to "on"lu,e t*!t in &!ssin% ! st!tute +*i"* &l!"es !n !%en"y un,er t*e O..i"e o. t*e Presi,ent, it +!s in !""or,!n"e +it* e/istin% l!+s !n, 3uris&ru,en"e on t*e Presi,entIs &o+er to reor%!ni6e In est!$lis*in% !n e/e"uti-e ,e&!rt'ent, $ure!u or o..i"e, t*e le%isl!ture ne"ess!rily or,!ins !n e/e"uti-e !%en"yIs &osition in t*e s"*e'e o. !,'inistr!ti-e stru"ture Su"* ,eter'in!tion is &ri'!ry, @K $ut su$3e"t to t*e Presi,entIs "ontinuin% !ut*ority to reor%!ni6e t*e !,'inistr!ti-e stru"ture As .!r !s $ure!us, !%en"ies or o..i"es in t*e e/e"uti-e ,e&!rt'ent !re "on"erne,, t*e &o+er o. "ontrol '!y 3usti.y t*e Presi,ent to ,e!"ti-!te t*e .un"tions o. ! &!rti"ul!r o..i"e Or ! l!+ '!y e/&ressly %r!nt t*e Presi,ent t*e $ro!, !ut*ority to "!rry out reor%!ni6!tion 'e!sures @G T*e A,'inistr!ti-e Co,e o. =GKF is one su"* l!+:AL SEC AL 3unctions of A$encies under the (ffice of the 0resident C A%en"ies un,er t*e O..i"e o. t*e

Presi,ent s*!ll "ontinue to o&er!te !n, .un"tion in !""or,!n"e +it* t*eir res&e"ti-e "*!rters or l!+s "re!tin% t*e', e<ce#t ,s ot3er-ise #rovi+e+ in t3is Co+e or %5 &,SEC A= Continuin$ Authorit% of the 0resident to Reor$ani?e his (ffice C T*e Presi,ent, s$%Bect to t3e #o&ic5 in t3e E<ec$tive Office !n, in or,er to ,c3ieve sim#&icit5/ econom5 ,n+ efficienc5, s*!ll *!-e "ontinuin% !ut*ority to reor%!ni6e t*e !,'inistr!ti-e stru"ture o. t*e O..i"e o. t*e Presi,ent For t*is &ur&ose, *e '!y t!1e !ny o. t*e .ollo+in% !"tions: 8=9 Restru"ture t*e intern!l or%!ni6!tion o. t*e O..i"e o. t*e Presi,ent Pro&er, in"lu,in% t*e i''e,i!te O..i"es, t*e Presi,enti!l S&e"i!l Assist!ntsSA,-isers Syste' !n, t*e Co''on St!.. Su&&ort Syste', $y !$olis*in%, "onsoli,!tin%, or 'er%in% units t*ereo. or tr!ns.errin% .un"tions .ro' one unit to !not*er? 8@9 Tr!ns.er !ny .un"tion un,er t*e O..i"e o. t*e Presi,ent to !ny ot*er De&!rt'ent or A%en"y !s +ell !s tr!ns.er .un"tions to t*e O..i"e o. t*e Presi,ent .ro' ot*er De&!rt'ents !n, A%en"ies? !n, 8A9 Tr!ns.er !ny !%en"y un,er t*e O..i"e o. t*e Presi,ent to !ny ot*er ,e&!rt'ent or !%en"y !s +ell !s tr!ns.er !%en"ies to t*e O..i"e o. t*e Presi,ent .ro' ot*er ,e&!rt'ents or !%en"ies A= 8It!li"s in t*e ori%in!l? e'&*!sis !n, un,ers"orin% su&&lie,9

!n, St!..in% P!ttern 8OSSP9 +*i"*, on @G O"to$er =GGK, +!s su$'itte, to t*e O..i"e o. t*e Presi,ent T*e &etitioners .ile, ! letter o. !&&e!l to t*e "i-il ser-i"e "o''ission to re"!ll t*e Or%!ni6!tion!l Stru"ture !n, St!..in% P!ttern 8OSSP9 A Petitioners 8r!n1 !n, .ile e'&loyees o. NTA9 !ll .ile ! &etition .or "ertior!ri +it* &ro*i$ition !n, '!n,!'us +it* &r!yer .or &reli'in!ry '!n,!tory in3un"tion !n, ! te'&or!ry restr!inin% or,er +it* t*e re%ion!l tri!l "ourt o. B!t!1 to &re-ent t*e res&on,ent .ro' en.or"in% t*e noti"e o. ter'in!tion !n, .ro' oustin% t*e &etitioners in t*eir res&e"ti-e o..i"es B T*e re%ion!l tri!l "ourt issue, !n or,er or,erin% t*e NTA to !&&oint t*e &etitioner to t*e OSSP to &osition si'il!r to t*e one t*!t t*ey *ol, $e.ore < T*e NTA !&&e!le, to t*e "ourt o. !&&e!ls +*o re-erse, t*e ,e"ision o. t*e RTC E Petitioner !&&e!le, to t*e Su&re'e Court ISS9E. W*et*er or not, t*e reor%!ni6!tion o. t*e NTA is -!li, true issu!n"e o. e/e"uti-e or,er $y t*e &resi,ent A""or,in% to t*e Su&re'e Court, t*e &resi,ent *!s t*e &o+er to reor%!ni6e !n o..i"e to !"*ie-e si'&li"ity, e"ono'y !n, e..i"ien"y !s &ro-i,e, un,er EO @G@ Se" A= !n, Se"tion BK o. RA FEB< +*i"* &ro-i,es t*!t !"ti-ities o. e/e"uti-e !%en"ies '!y $e s"!le, ,o+n i. it is no lon%er essenti!l .or t*e ,eli-ery o. &u$li" ser-i"e Se"tion BK o. R A FEB< &ro-i,es t*!t:

!') A,4,ois,n vs A+ministr,tion 2ACTS.

N,tion,&

To%,cco

= T*e &etitioner +!s ter'in!te, .ro' t*eir &osition in t*e N!tion!l To$!""o A,'inistr!tion 8NTA9 !s ! result o. t*e e/e"uti-e or,er issue, $y &resi,ent Estr!,! +*i"* '!n,!tes .or t*e stre!' linin% o. t*e NTA, ! %o-ern'ent !%en"y un,er t*e ,e&!rt'ent o. !%ri"ulture @ Presi,ent Dose&* Estr!,! issue, on AL Se&te'$er =GGK E/e"uti-e Or,er No @G, entitle, JM!n,!tin% t*e Stre!'linin% o. t*e N!tion!l To$!""o A,'inistr!tion 8NTA9,; ! %o-ern'ent !%en"y un,er t*e De&!rt'ent o. A%ri"ulture T*e or,er +!s .ollo+e, $y !not*er issu!n"e, on @F O"to$er =GGK, $y Presi,ent Estr!,! o. E/e"uti-e Or,er No AE, !'en,in% E/e"uti-e Or,er No @G, inso.!r !s t*e ne+ st!..in% &!ttern +!s "on"erne,, $y in"re!sin% .ro' .our *un,re, 8BLL9 to not e/"ee,in% se-en *un,re, .i.ty 8F<L9 t*e &ositions !..e"te, t*ere$y In "o'&li!n"e t*ere+it*, t*e NTA &re&!re, !n, !,o&te, ! ne+ Or%!ni6!tion Stru"ture

WWSe" BK S"!lin% Do+n !n, P*!se Out o. A"ti-ities o. A%en"ies Wit*in t*e E/e"uti-e Br!n"* C T*e *e!,s o. ,e&!rt'ents, $ure!us !n, o..i"es !n, !%en"ies !re *ere$y ,ire"te, to i,enti.y t*eir res&e"ti-e !"ti-ities +*i"* !re no lon%er essenti!l in t*e ,eli-ery o. &u$li" ser-i"es !n, +*i"* '!y $e s"!le, ,o+n, &*!se, out or !$olis*e,, su$3e"t to "i-il ser-i"e rules !n, re%ul!tions / / / A"tu!l s"!lin% ,o+n, &*!sin% out or !$olition o. t*e !"ti-ities s*!ll $e e..e"te, &ursu!nt to Cir"ul!rs or Or,ers issue, .or t*e &ur&ose $y t*e O..i"e o. t*e Presi,ent I WS!i, &ro-ision "le!rly 'entions t*e !"ts o. Ws"!lin% ,o+n, &*!sin% out !n, !$olitionI o. o..i"es only !n, ,oes not "o-er t*e "re!tion o. o..i"es or tr!ns.er o. .un"tions Ne-ert*eless, t*e !"t o. "re!tin% !n, ,e"entr!li6in% is in"lu,e, in t*e su$se2uent &ro-ision o. Se"tion E@ +*i"* &ro-i,es t*!t: WWSe" E@ Un!ut*ori6e, or%!ni6!tion!l "*!n%es C Unless ot*er+ise "re!te, $y l!+ or ,ire"te, $y t*e Presi,ent o. t*e

P*ili&&ines, no or%!ni6!tion!l unit or "*!n%es in 1ey &ositions in !ny ,e&!rt'ent or !%en"y s*!ll $e !ut*ori6e, in t*eir res&e"ti-e or%!ni6!tion stru"tures !n, $e .un,e, .ro' !&&ro&ri!tions $y t*is A"t I WT*e .ore%oin% &ro-ision e-i,ently s*o+s t*!t t*e Presi,ent is !ut*ori6e, to e..e"t or%!ni6!tion!l "*!n%es in"lu,in% t*e "re!tion o. o..i"es in t*e ,e&!rt'ent or !%en"y "on"erne, W/ / / / / / WAnot*er le%!l $!sis o. E O No =A@ is Se"tion @L, Boo1 III o. E O No @G@ +*i"* st!tes: WWSe" @L Resi,u!l Po+ers C Unless Con%ress &ro-i,es ot*er+ise, t*e Presi,ent s*!ll e/er"ise su"* ot*er &o+ers !n, .un"tions -este, in t*e Presi,ent +*i"* !re &ro-i,e, .or un,er t*e l!+s !n, +*i"* !re not s&e"i.i"!lly enu'er!te, !$o-e or +*i"* !re not ,ele%!te, $y t*e Presi,ent in !""or,!n"e +it* l!+ I WT*is &ro-ision s&e!1s o. su"* ot*er &o+ers -este, in t*e Presi,ent un,er t*e l!+ W*!t l!+ t*en %i-es *i' t*e &o+er to reor%!ni6eR It is Presi,enti!l De"ree No =FF@ +*i"* !'en,e, Presi,enti!l De"ree No =B=E T*ese ,e"rees e/&ressly %r!nt t*e Presi,ent o. t*e P*ili&&ines t*e "ontinuin% !ut*ority to reor%!ni6e t*e n!tion!l %o-ern'ent, +*i"* in"lu,es t*e &o+er to %rou&, "onsoli,!te $ure!us !n, !%en"ies, to !$olis* o..i"es, to tr!ns.er .un"tions, to "re!te !n, "l!ssi.y .un"tions, ser-i"es !n, !"ti-ities !n, to st!n,!r,i6e s!l!ries !n, '!teri!ls T*e -!li,ity o. t*ese t+o ,e"rees !re un2uestion!$le T*e =GKF Constitution "le!rly &ro-i,es t*!t W!ll l!+s, ,e"rees, e/e"uti-e or,ers, &ro"l!'!tions, letter o. instru"tions !n, ot*er e/e"uti-e issu!n"es not in"onsistent +it* t*is Constitution s*!ll re'!in o&er!ti-e until !'en,e,, re&e!le, or re-o1e, So .!r, t*ere is yet no l!+ !'en,in% or re&e!lin% s!i, ,e"rees I W5EREFORE, t*e Motion to A,'it Petition .or En B!n" resolution !n, t*e Petition .or !n En B!n" Resolution !re DENIED .or l!"1 o. 'erit Let entry o. 3u,%'ent $e '!,e in ,ue "ourse No "osts

A,'inistr!tion or NALTDRA9 s*oul, $e re2uire, o. !n,Sor !&&lie, only to ne+ !&&li"!nts !n, not to t*ose +*o +ere !lre!,y in t*e ser-i"e o. t*e LRC !s ,e&uty re%ister o. ,ee,s !t t*e ti'e o. t*e issu!n"e !n, i'&le'ent!tion o. t*e !$o-e s!i, E/e"uti-e Or,er Not*in% is $etter settle, in our l!+ t*!n t*!t t*e !$olition o. !n o..i"e +it*in t*e "o'&eten"e o. ! le%iti'!te $o,y i. ,one in %oo, .!it* su..ers .ro' no in.ir'ity T+o 2uestions t*ere.ore !rise: 8=9 +!s t*e !$olition "!rrie, out $y ! le%iti'!te $o,yR? !n, 8@9 +!s it ,one in %oo, .!it*R E/e"uti-e Or,er No EBG +!s en!"te, to i'&ro-e t*e ser-i"es !n, $etter syste'!ti6e t*e o&er!tion o. t*e L!n, Re%istr!tion Co''ission A reor%!ni6!tion is "!rrie, out in %oo, .!it* i. it is .or t*e &ur&ose o. e"ono'y or to '!1e $ure!u"r!"y 'ore e..i"ient To t*is en,, t*e re2uire'ent o. B!r 'e'$ers*i& to 2u!li.y .or 1ey &ositions in t*e NALTDRA +!s i'&ose, to 'eet t*e "*!n%in% "ir"u'st!n"es !n, ne+ ,e-elo&'ent o. t*e ti'es Pri-!te res&on,ent (!r"i! +*o .or'erly *el, t*e &osition o. De&uty Re%ister o. Dee,s II ,i, not *!-e su"* 2u!li.i"!tion It is t*us "le!r t*!t s*e "!nnot *ol, !ny 1ey &osition in t*e NALTDRA, T*e !,,ition!l 2u!li.i"!tion +!s not inten,e, to re'o-e *er .ro' o..i"e R!t*er, it +!s ! "riterion i'&ose, "on"o'it!nt +it* ! -!li, reor%!ni6!tion 'e!sure A .in!l +or,, on t*e :-este, ri%*t t*eory: !,-!n"e, $y res&on,ent Ci-il Ser-i"e Co''ission T*ere is no su"* t*in% !s ! -este, interest or !n est!te in !n o..i"e, or e-en !n !$solute ri%*t to *ol, it E/"e&t "onstitution!l o..i"es +*i"* &ro-i,e .or s&e"i!l i''unity !s re%!r,s s!l!ry !n, tenure, no one "!n $e s!i, to *!-e !ny -este, ri%*t in !n o..i"e or its s!l!ry =@ None o. t*e e/"e&tions to t*is rule !re o$t!inin% in t*is "!se To reiter!te, t*e &osition +*i"* &ri-!te res&on,ent (!r"i! +oul, li1e to o""u&y !ne+ +!s !$olis*e, &ursu!nt to E/e"uti-e Or,er No EBG, ! -!li, reor%!ni6!tion 'e!sure T*ere is no -este, &ro&erty ri%*t to $e re e'&loye, in ! reor%!ni6e, o..i"e Not $ein% ! 'e'$er o. t*e B!r, t*e 'ini'u' re2uire'ent to 2u!li.y un,er t*e reor%!ni6!tion l!+ .or &er'!nent !&&oint'ent !s De&uty Re%ister o. Dee,s II, s*e "!nnot $e reinst!te, to *er .or'er &osition +it*out -iol!tin% t*e e/&ress '!n,!te o. t*e l!+

!1) N,tion,& L,n+ Tit&es ,n+ Dee+ Re4istr,tion A+ministr,tion vs CSC/ 22! SCRA !'1

!0) Sinon vs CSC/ 2!1 SCRA '! 2ACTS. Prior to t*e reor%!ni6!tion o. t*e t*en Minister o. A%ri"ulture !n, Foo, 8t*e :MAF:9, t*e &ri-!te res&on,ent Du!n! B!n!n +!s t*e in"u'$ent Muni"i&!l A%ri"ultur!l O..i"er 8MAO9 o. t*e !.ores!i, Minister in Re%ion II, C!%!y!n, +*ile t*e &etitioner Eliseo Sinon o""u&ie, t*e &osition o. Fis*eries

T*e sole issue .or our "onsi,er!tion in t*is "!se is +*et*er or not 'e'$ers*i& in t*e $!r, +*i"* is t*e 2u!li.i"!tion re2uire'ent &res"ri$e, .or !&&oint'ent to t*e &osition o. De&uty Re%ister o. Dee,s un,er Se"tion B o. E/e"uti-e Or,er No EBG 8Reor%!ni6in% t*e L!n, Re%istr!tion Co''ission 8LRC9 into t*e N!tion!l L!n, Titles !n, Dee,s Re%istr!tion

E/tension S&e"i!list 8FES9 II in t*e Bure!u o. Fis*eries !n, A2u!ti" Resour"es 8BFAR9 in t*e s!'e re%ion 5o+e-er, t*e reor%!ni6!tion o. t*e MAF into t*e De&!rt'ent o. A%ri"ulture 8t*e :DA:9, +it* t*e issu!n"e o. E/e"uti-e Or,er No ==E ,!te, AL D!nu!ry =GKF, "!lle, .or t*e e-!lu!tion o. t*e .ollo+in% e'&loyees .or t+enty nine &osition o. MAO in Re%ion II, C!%!y!n T*e list !s &re&!re, $y t*e Pl!"e'ent Co''ittee in"lu,e, t*e &etitioner Sinon $ut e/"lu,e, t*e res&on,ent B!n!n T*us, res&on,ents B!n!n .ile, !n !&&e!l +it* t*e DARAB 8De&!rt'ent o. A%ri"ulture Reor%!ni6!tion A&&e!ls Bo!r,9 .or re)e-!lu!tion o. t*e 2u!li.i"!tion o. !ll t*ose in"lu,e, in t*e !.ore'entione, list '!,e $y t*e Pl!"e'ent Co''ittee In t*is re)e-!lu!tion, &etitioner Sinon +!s ,is&l!"e, $y t*e res&on,ent B!n!n !n, t*is s!'e resolution +!s ,uly !&&ro-e, $y t*e Se"ret!ry o. t*e De&!rt'ent o. A%ri"ulture, C!rlos ( Do'in%ue6, +*o !lso !..i/e, *is si%n!ture on t*e s!'e ,!te 5o+e-er, on Au%ust AL, =GKK, Sinon re"ei-e, !n !&&oint'ent !s MAO .or Re%ion II in C!%!y!n !s !&&ro-e, $y Re%ion!l Dire"tor (u'ersin,o D L!s!' on t*e $!sis o. t*e .irst e-!lu!tion '!,e $y t*e Pl!"e'ent Co''ittee T*us, Sinon .ile, !n !&&e!l ,o"1ete, !s Ci-il Ser-i"e C!se No <FA on No-e'$er @@, =GKG to t*e CSC T*is !&&e!l +!s %r!nte, '!inly .or t+o re!sons: .irst, t*e res&on,ent DARAB .!ile, to .ile its Co''ent +it*in t*e &erio, re2uire,? !n, se"on,, t*e e-!lu!tion o. t*e 2u!li.i"!tion o. t*e e'&loyees is ! 2uestion o. .!"t +*i"* t*e !&&ointin% !ut*ority or t*e Pl!"e'ent Co''ittee !ssistin% *i' is in ! $etter &osition to ,eter'ine 5en"e, t*e Resolution ,!te, @K Fe$ru!ry =GKG o. t*e DARAB +!s set !si,e ' On M!r"* =G, =GGL, B!n!n .ile, ! Motion .or Re"onsi,er!tion in +*i"* s*e &itte, *er 2u!li.i"!tions !%!inst Sinon .or t*e l!st slot in t*e @G !-!il!$le MAO &ositions At t*e s!'e ti'e, s*e &ointe, out t*!t to !llo+ t*e .in,in%s o. t*e Pl!"e'ent Co''ittee to su&erse,e t*e DARAB resolution +*i"* t*e Se"ret!ry o. A%ri"ulture *!, !&&ro-e, +oul, $e t!nt!'ount to %i-in% &re"e,en"e to t*e Pl!"e'ent Co''ittee o-er t*e *e!, o. t*e !%en"y Fin!lly, on Fe$ru!ry K, =GG=, CSC, !.ter re-ie+in% t*e Co''ent .ile, $y t*e DARAB +*i"* *!, not $een "onsi,ere, e!rlier in t*e Ci-il Ser-i"e C!se No <FA, t*e CSC %r!nte, res&on,ent B!n!nQs Motion .or Re"onsi,er!tion !n, %!-e ,ue "ourse to *er !&&oint'ent $y t*e DARAB On M!r"* @=, =GG=, Sinon .ile, ! Motion .or Re"onsi,er!tion o. t*e Fe$ru!ry K, =GG= Resolution +*i"* *o+e-er +!s ,enie, $y t*e CSC in its !ss!ile, Resolution ,!te, Duly ==, =GG=

ISS9E. WON t*e CSC "o''itte, %r!-e !$use ,is"retion in re-ie+in% !n, re)e-!lu!tin% t*e rin% or 2u!li.i"!tion o. t*e &etitioner Sinon R9LING. By %r!-e !$use o. ,is"retion is 'e!nt su"* "!&ri"ious !n, +*i'si"!l e/er"ise o. 3u,%'ent !s is e2ui-!lent to l!"1 o. 3uris,i"tion T*e !$use o. ,is"retion 'ust $e &!tent !n, %ross !s to !'ount to !n e-!sion o. &ositi-e ,uty or ! -irtu!l re.us!l to &er.or' ! ,uty en3oine, $y l!+, or to !"t !t !ll in "onte'&l!tion o. l!+, !s +*ere t*e &o+er is e/er"ise, in !n !r$itr!ry !n, ,es&oti" '!nner $y re!son o. &!ssion or *ostility ( Contr!ry to t*e !lle%!tions o. t*e &etitioner, We ,o not .in, !ny e-i,en"e o. %r!-e !$use o. ,is"retion on t*e &!rt o. t*e CSC +*en it issue, Resolution ,!te, K Fe$ru!ry =GG= +*i"* in e..e"t !&&ro-e, t*e !&&oint'ent o. res&on,ent B!n!n o-er &etitioner Sinon Wit* t*e reor%!ni6!tion o. t*e MAF into t*e DA +it* E/e"uti-e or,er No ==E, it $e"!'e i'&er!ti-e to :&rote"t t*e se"urity o. tenure o. Ci-il Ser-i"e O..i"ers !n, e'&loyees in t*e i'&le'ent!tion o. %o-ern'ent reor%!ni6!tion: T*us, Con%ress &!sse, Re&u$li" A"t No EE<E ! It +!s un,er t*e s!'e l!+ o. R A EE<E t*!t t*e Pl!"e'ent Co''ittee +!s "re!te,: Se"tion E In or,er t*!t t*e $est 2u!li.ie, !n, 'ot ,eser-in% &ersons s*!ll $e !&&ointe, in !ny reor%!ni6!tion, t*ere s*!ll $e "re!te, ! Pl!"e'ent Co''ittee in e!"* ,e&!rt'ent or !%en"y to assist the appointin$ authorit% in the ,udicious selection and placement of personnel T*e Co''ittee s*!ll "onsist o. t+o 8@9 'e'$ers !&&ointe, $y t*e *e!, o. t*e ,e&!rt'ent or !%en"y, ! re&resent!ti-e o. t*e !&&ointin% !ut*ority, !n, t+o 8@9 'e'$ers ,uly ele"te, $y t*e e'&loyees *ol,in% &ositions in t*e .irst !n, se"on, le-els o. t*e "!reer ser-i"e: 0rovided, t*!t i. t*ere is ! re%istere, e'&loyee !sso"i!tion +it* ! '!3ority o. t*e e'&loyees !s 'e'$ers, t*!t e'&loyee !sso"i!tion s*!ll !lso *!-e ! re&resent!ti-e in t*e Co''ittee: 0rovided, 3urther, t*!t i''e,i!tely u&on t*e !&&ro-!l o. t*e st!..in% &!ttern o. t*e ,e&!rt'ent or !%en"y "on"erne,, su"* st!..in% &!ttern s*!ll $e '!,e 1no+n to !ll o..i"ers !n, e'&loyees o. t*e !%en"y +*o s*!ll $e in-ite, to !&&ly .or !ny o. t*e &ositions !ut*ori6e, t*erein Su"* !&&li"!tion s*!ll $e "onsi,ere, $y t*e "o''ittee in t*e &l!"e'ent !n, sele"tion o. &ersonnel 8E'&*!sis su&&lie,9

To :!ssist: 'e!n to len, !n !i, to, !! or to "ontri$ute e..ort in t*e "o'&lete !""o'&lis*'ent o. !n ulti'!te &ur&ose inten,e, to $e e..e"te, $y t*ose en%!%e, !2 In "ontr!st, to :re"o''en,: !@ is to &resent oneQs !,-i"e or "*oi"e !s *!-in% oneQs !&&ro-!l or to re&resent or ur%e !s !,-is!$le or e/&e,ient It in-ol-es t*e I,e! t*!t !not*er *!s t*e .in!l ,e"ision Cle!rly, t*e Pl!"e'ent Co''ittee +!s "*!r%e, +it* t*e ,uty o. e/er"isin% t*e same ,is"retion!ry .un"tions !s t*e !&&ointin% !ut*ority in t*e 3u,i"ious sele"tion !n, &l!"e'ent o. &ersonnel +*en t*e l!+ e'&o+ere, it to :!ssist: t*e !&&oint'ent !ut*ority T*e s!'e l!+ !lso !llo+s !ny o..i"er or e'&loyee !%%rie-e, $y t*e !&&oint'ents to .ile !n !&&e!l +it* t*e !&&ointin% !ut*ority +*o s*!ll '!,e ! ,e"ision +it*in t*irty 8AL9 ,!ys .ro' t*e .ilin% t*ereo. I. t*e s!'e e'&loyee is still not s!tis.ie, +it* t*e ,e"ision o. t*e !&&ointin% !ut*ority, *e '!y .urt*er !&&e!l +it*in ten 8=L9 ,!ys .ro' t*e re"ei&t t*ereo. t*e CSC !'

"o'&l!int '!%!inst DBP .or ille%!l ,is'iss!l T*e "o'&l!in!nts t*erein !lle%e, t*!t t*eir ,is'iss!l "onstitute, ! -iol!tion o. t*e Ci-il Ser-i"e L!+ !%!inst t*e issu!n"e o. te'&or!ry !&&oint'ents to &er'!nent e'&loyees, !s +ell !s o. t*eir ri%*t to se"urity o. tenure !n, ,ue &ro"ess ISS9ES. 5en"e t*is &etition, +*ere$y &etitioner r!ises t*e .ollo+in% issues: = PetitionerQs tenure o. o..i"e +!s -iol!te, $y res&on,ents? @ Petitioner +!s not !..or,e, ! ,!y in "ourt !n, +!s ,enie, &ro"e,ur!l ,ue &ro"ess in t*e unil!ter!l e-!lu!tion $y *is &eers o. *is e..i"ien"y r!tin%s .or t*e ye!rs =GKF !n, =GKK? A A-er!%e !n, $elo+ !-er!%e e..i"ien"y r!tin%s !re not -!li, %roun,s .or ter'in!tion o. t*e ser-i"e o. &etitioner? '. Section 1 of t3e r$&es im#&ementin4 Re#$%&ic Act No. 0010 is re#$4n,nt to t3e constit$tion,& m,n+,te t3,t Nno officer or em#&o5ee of t3e Civi& Service %e remove+ or s$s#en+e+ e<ce#t for c,$se provided %5 &,-GN ,n+ 1. Section !0/ Artic&e OVIII/ Tr,nsitor5 Provisions of t3e Ne- Constit$tion -,s ,&so vio&,te+ %5 res#on+ents. 6 R9LING. Se"tion @ o. Re&u$li" A"t No EE<E &ro-i,es t*!t :no o..i"er or e'&loyee in t*e "!reer ser-i"e s*!ll $e re'o-e, e/"e&t .or ! -!li, "!use !n, !.ter ,ue noti"e !n, *e!rin% : T*us, t*ere is no 2uestion t*!t +*ile ,is'iss!l ,ue to !bona fide reor%!ni6!tion is re"o%ni6e, !s ! -!li, "!use, t*is ,oes not 3usti.y ! ,etr!"tion .ro' t*e '!n,!tory re2uire'ent o. noti"e !n, *e!rin% 5o+e-er, it is e2u!lly true !n, it is ! $!si" rule o. ,ue &ro"ess t*!t :+*!t t*e l!+ &ro*i$its is not t*e !$sen"e o. &re-ious noti"e $ut t*e !$solute !$sen"e t*ereo. !n, t*e l!"1 o. o&&ortunity to $e *e!r, : 2! T*ere is no -iol!tion o. &ro"e,ur!l ,ue &ro"ess e-en +*ere no *e!rin% +!s "on,u"te, .or !s lon% !s t*e &!rty +!s %i-en ! "*!n"e to &resent *is e-i,en"e !n, ,e.en, *i'sel. T*e re"or,s s*o+ t*!t &etitioner *!, t*e o&&ortunity to &resent *is si,e !n,Sor to "ontest t*e results o. t*e e-!lu!tion &ro"ee,in%s In DBPQs 'otion .or t*e re"onsi,er!tion o. t*e ori%in!l ,e"ision o. res&on,ent "o''ission, res&on,ent $!n1 !-erre,: It '!y $e st!te, t*!t !lt*ou%* se-er!l !&&e!ls +ere re"ei-e, $y t*e Fin!l

!7) Domin4o vs DAP/ 2 7 SCRA 700 2ACTS.

Petitioner +!s e'&loye, $y DBP !s Senior Tr!inin% !n, C!reer De-elo&'ent O..i"er on &er'!nent st!tus .ro' Fe$ru!ry, =GFG to De"e'$er =GKE On De"e'$er A, =GKE, E/e"uti-e Or,er No K= 8T*e Re-ise, C*!rter o. DBP9 +!s &!sse, !ut*ori6in% t*e reor%!ni6!tion o. DBP in t*is +ise: Se" A@ Authorit% to Reor$ani?e. H In -ie+ o. t*e ne+ s"o&e o. o&er!tions o. t*e B!n1, ! reor%!ni6!tion o. t*e B!n1 !n, ! re,u"tion in .or"e !re *ere$y !ut*ori6e, to !"*ie-e si'&li"ity !n, e"ono'y in o&er!tions, in"lu,in% !,o&tin% ! ne+ st!..in% &!ttern to suit t*e re,u"e, o&er!tions en-isione, T*e .or'ul!tion o. t*e &ro%r!' o. reor%!ni6!tion s*!ll $e "o'&lete, +it*in si/ 'ont*s !.ter t*e !&&ro-!l o. t*is C*!rter, !n, t*e .ull i'&le'ent!tion o. t*e reor%!ni6!tion &ro%r!' +it*in t*irty 'ont*s t*ere!.ter DBP issue, Bo!r, Resolution No ALB)KF !llo+in% t*e issu!n"e o. te'&or!ry !&&oint'ents to !ll DBP &ersonnel in or,er to .ully i'&le'ent t*e reor%!ni6!tion Su"* te'&or!ry !&&oint'ents issue, *!, ! '!/i'u' &erio, o. t+el-e 8=@9 'ont*s ,urin% +*i"* &erio, t*e &er.or'!n"e o. t*e in"u'$ents +ere !ssesse, on t*e $!sis o. t*e results o. t*eir e-!lu!tion Conse2uently, &etitioner, to%et*er +it* ! "ert!in E-!n%eline D!-ier, .ile, +it* t*e CSC ! 3oint -eri.ie,

Re-ie+ Co''ittee .ro' ot*er e'&loyees si'il!rly situ!te, 8i.e., !lso %i-en te'&or!ry !&&oint'ents .or =GKK9, Mr Do'in%o !n, Miss D!-ier ne-er !&&e!le, t*eir r!tin%s or t*e e/tension o. t*eir te'&or!ry !&&oint'ents in =GKK E-en !t t*is +ritin%, t*e B!n1 *!s not re"ei-e, !ny .or'!l !&&e!l .ro' t*e' !lt*ou%* t*ey +ere !,-ise, to ,o so $y t*eir ,ire"t su&er-isor 22 T*e .!"t t*!t &etitioner '!,e no !&&e!l to t*e Fin!l Re-ie+ Co''ittee +!s ,uly "onsi,ere, $y res&on,ent "o''ission in resol-in% s!i, 'otion .or re"onsi,er!tion !n, in !..ir'in% t*e se&!r!tion o. &etitioner .ro' t*e ser-i"e, notin% t*!t :!&&ell!nts Mr Do'in%o, !n, Miss D!-ier ,i, not .ile or su$'it t*eir o&&osition to t*e 'otion .or re"onsi,er!tion : Conse2uently, &etitioner "!nnot, $y *is o+n in!"tion, le%!lly "l!i' t*!t *e +!s ,enie, ,ue &ro"ess o. l!+ Consi,erin% &etitionerQs ye!rs o. ser-i"e, ,es&ite t*e un.ortun!te result o. t*e reor%!ni6!tion inso.!r !s *e is "on"erne,, *e s*oul, $e !llo+e, se&!r!tion !n, ot*er retire'ent $ene.its !""ruin% to *i' $y re!son o. *is ter'in!tion, !s provided .or in Se"tion =E, Arti"le NVIII o. t*e =GKF Constitution, !s +ell !s in Se"tion G o. Re&u$li" A"t No EE<E !n, Se"tion AB o. E/e"uti-e Or,er No K= W5EREFORE, no %r!-e !$use o. ,is"retion *!-in% $een "o''itte, $y res&on,ent Ci-il Ser-i"e Co''ission, its "*!llen%e, resolution o. A&ril =L, =GGL is *ere$y AFFIRMED

E/e"uti-e Ser-i"e Bo!r, s*!ll no+ .or' &!rt o. t*e O..i"e .or C!reer E/e"uti-e Ser-i"e ; Fin,in% *ersel. $ere.t o. .urt*er !,'inistr!ti-e relie. !s t*e C!reer E/e"uti-e Ser-i"e Bo!r, +*i"* re"o''en,e, *er CESO R!n1 IV *!s $een !$olis*e,? &etitioner .ile, t*e &etition !t $en"* to !nnul, !'on% ot*ers, s!i, resolution ISS9E. WON CSC %i-en t*e !ut*ority to !$olis* t*e o..i"e o. t*e CESB :ELD. NO T*e &etition is %r!nte, !n, Resolution o. t*e res&on,ent Co''ission is *ere$y !nnulle, !n, set !si,e = T*e "ontrollin% .!"t is t*!t t*e CESB +!s "re!te, in PD No = on Se&te'$er =, =GFB It "!nnot $e ,is&ute,, t*ere.ore, t*!t !s t*e CESB +!s "re!te, $y l!+, it "!n only $e !$olis*e, $y t*e le%isl!ture T*is .ollo+s !n un$ro1en stre!' o. rulin%s t*!t t*e "re!tion !n, !$olition o. &u$li" o..i"es is &ri'!rily ! le%isl!ti-e .un"tion In t*e &etition !t $en"*, t*e le%isl!ture *!s not en!"te, !ny l!+ !ut*ori6in% t*e !$olition o. t*e CESB On t*e "ontr!ry, in !ll t*e (ener!l A&&ro&ri!tions A"ts .ro' =GF< to =GGA, t*e le%isl!ture *!s set !si,e .un,s .or t*e o&er!tion o. CESB Res&on,ent Co''ission, *o+e-er, in-o1es Se"tion =F, C*!&ter A, Su$title A Title I, Boo1 V o. t*e A,'inistr!ti-e Co,e o. =GKF !s t*e sour"e o. its &o+er to !$olis* t*e CESB But !s +ell &ointe, out $y &etitioner !n, t*e Soli"itor (ener!l, Se"tion =F 'ust $e re!, to%et*er +it* Se"tion =E o. t*e s!i, Co,e +*i"* enu'er!tes t*e o..i"es un,er t*e res&on,ent Co''ission As re!, to%et*er, t*e ines"!&!$le "on"lusion is t*!t res&on,ent Co''issionIs &o+er to reor%!ni6e is li'ite, to o..i"es un,er its "ontrol !s enu'er!te, in Se"tion =E @ Fro' its in"e&tion, t*e CESB +!s inten,e, to $e !n !utono'ous entity, !l$eit !,'inistr!ti-ely !tt!"*e, to res&on,ent Co''ission As "on"e&tu!li6e, $y t*e Reor%!ni6!tion Co''ittee Jt*e CESB s*!ll $e !utono'ous It is e/&e"te, to -ie+ t*e &ro$le' o. $uil,in% u& e/e"uti-e '!n&o+er in t*e %o-ern'ent +it* ! $ro!, !n, &ositi-e outloo1 ; T*e essenti!l !utono'ous "*!r!"ter o. t*e CESB is not ne%!te, $y its !tt!"*'ent to res&on,ent

!6) E$4enio vs CSC/ 2'2 SCRA !(0 2ACTS. Eu%enio is t*e De&uty Dire"tor o. t*e P*ili&&ine Nu"le!r Rese!r"* Institute S*e !&&lie, .or ! C!reer E/e"uti-e Ser-i"e 8CES9 Eli%i$ility !n, ! CESO r!n1 S*e +!s %i-en ! CES eli%i$ility !n, +!s re"o''en,e, to t*e Presi,ent .or ! CESO r!n1 $y t*e C!reer E/e"uti-e Ser-i"e Bo!r, T*en res&on,ent Ci-il Ser-i"e Co''ission &!sse, ! Resolution +*i"* !$olis*e, t*e CESB, relyin% on t*e &ro-isions of Section !7/ Tit&e I/ S$%tit&e A. Aoo= V of t3e A+ministr,tive Co+e of !(67 !lle%e,ly "on.errin% on t*e Co''ission t*e &o+er !n, !ut*ority to e..e"t "*!n%es in its or%!ni6!tion !s t*e nee, !rises S!i, reso&$tion st!tes: JPursu!nt t*ereto, t*e C!reer E/e"uti-e Ser-i"e Bo!r,, s*!ll no+ $e 1no+n !s t*e O..i"e .or C!reer E/e"uti-e Ser-i"e o. t*e Ci-il Ser-i"e Co''ission A""or,in%ly, t*e e/istin% &ersonnel, $u,%et, &ro&erties !n, e2ui&'ent o. t*e C!reer

Co''ission By s!i, !tt!"*'ent, CESB +!s not '!,e to .!ll +it*in t*e "ontrol o. res&on,ent Co''ission Un,er t*e A,'inistr!ti-e Co,e o. =GKF, t*e &ur&ose o. !tt!"*in% one .un"tion!lly inter)rel!te, %o-ern'ent !%en"y to !not*er is to !tt!in J #o&ic5 ,n+ #ro4r,m coor+in,tion ; T*is is "le!rly stret"*e, out in Se"tion AK8A9, C*!&ter F, Boo1 IV o. t*e !.ore"ite, Co,e, to +it: 8A9 Attachment H 8!9 T*is re.ers to t*e l!ter!l rel!tions*i& $et+een t*e ,e&!rt'ent or its e2ui-!lent !n, !tt!"*e, !%en"y or "or&or!tion .or &ur&oses o. &oli"y !n, &ro%r!' "oor,in!tion T*e "oor,in!tion '!y $e !""o'&lis*e, $y *!-in% t*e ,e&!rt'ent re&resente, in t*e %o-ernin% $o!r, o. t*e !tt!"*e, !%en"y or "or&or!tion, eit*er !s "*!ir'!n or !s ! 'e'$er, +it* or +it*out -otin% ri%*ts, i. t*is is &er'itte, $y t*e "*!rter? *!-in% t*e !tt!"*e, "or&or!tion or !%en"y "o'&ly +it* ! syste' o. &erio,i" re&ortin% +*i"* s*!ll re.le"t t*e &ro%ress o. &ro%r!'s !n, &ro3e"ts? !n, *!-in% t*e ,e&!rt'ent or its e2ui-!lent &ro-i,e %ener!l &oli"ies t*rou%* its re&resent!ti-e in t*e $o!r,, +*i"* s*!ll ser-e !s t*e .r!'e+or1 .or t*e intern!l &oli"ies o. t*e !tt!"*e, "or&or!tion or !%en"y NOTES. Se"tion =F, C*!&ter A, Su$title A Title I, Boo1 V o. t*e A,'inistr!ti-e Co,e o. =GKF !s t*e sour"e o. its &o+er to !$olis* t*e CESB Se"tion =F &ro-i,es: Se" =F (r$ani?ational Structure H E!"* o..i"e o. t*e Co''ission s*!ll $e *e!,e, $y ! Dire"tor +it* !t le!st one Assist!nt Dire"tor, !n, '!y *!-e su"* ,i-isions !s !re ne"ess!ry in,e&en,ent "onstitution!l $o,y, t*e Co''ission m,5 effect c3,n4es in t3e or4,ni>,tion ,s t3e nee+ ,rises. Se" =E (ffices in the Commission H T*e Co''ission s*!ll *!-e t*e .ollo+in% o..i"es: 8=9 ;he (ffice of the <6ecutive 8@9 ;he 8erit S%stem 0rotection 'oard "o'&ose, o. ! C*!ir'!n !n, t+o 8@9 'e'$ers 8A9 ;he (ffice of #e$al Affairs 8B9 ;he (ffice of 0lannin$ and 8ana$ement (@ ;he Central Administrative (ffice. (A ;he (ffice of Central 0ersonnel Records 8F9 ;he (ffice of 0osition Classification and Compensation

(8 ;he (ffice of Recruitment, <6amination and 0lacement (9 ;he (ffice of Career S%stems and Standards (1B ;he (ffice of Cuman Resource &evelopment (11 ;he (ffice of 0ersonnel )nspection and Audit. (12 ;he (ffice of 0ersonnel Relations (1D ;he (ffice of Corporate Affairs (1E ;he (ffice of Retirement (1@ ;he Re$ional and 3ield (ffices

Re,sons I #$r#oses for cre,tin4 ,+ministr,tive ,4encies A,'inistr!ti-e !%en"y is !n or%!n o. %o-ern'ent, ot*er t*!n ! "ourt !n, ot*er t*!n ! le%isl!ture, +*i"* !..e"ts t*e ri%*ts o. &ri-!te &!rties t*rou%* eit*er !,3u,i"!tion or rule '!1in% It '!y $e "!lle, ! "o''ission, $o!r,, $ure!u, o..i"e !,'inistr!tor, ,e&!rt'ent, !ut*ority, "or&or!tion, !,'inistr!tion, ,i-ision or !%en"y T*e !,'inistr!ti-e !%en"y entruste, +it* t*e en.or"e'ent !n, i'&le'ent!tion o. t*e l!+ As t*e &o&ul!tion %re+ !n, t*e &eo&leIs !"ti-ities 'ulti&lie,, it $e"!'e in"re!sin%ly ,i..i"ult .or t*e le%isl!ture to ,e!l ,ire"tly !n, e/&e,itiously +it* e-ery &ro$le', !n, .or t*e 3u,i"i!ry to ,ire"tly ,e"i,e "ontro-ersies +*i"* &resente, 'ostly only .!"tu!l issues, !risin% .ro' t*ese &ro$le's It 'ust li1e+ise $e stresse, t*!t t*e t!s1 o. en.or"e'ent o. t*e l!+ !lso $e"!'e 'ore "o'&li"!te, !s t*e !re!s o. "on"ern o. t*e %ener!l &u$li" e/&!n,e, It +!s .elt t*!t t*e le%isl!ti-e !n, 3u,i"i!l ,e&!rt'ents no lon%er *!, eit*er t*e ti'e or t*e nee,e, e/&ertise to !tten, to t*ese ne+ &ro$le's, not to 'ention t*e l!"1 o. interest, &!rti"ul!rly in t*e le%isl!ture, !s 'ost o. t*ese &ro$le's ,i, not i''e,i!tely !..e"t t*e "onstituents o. its 'e'$ers T*e solution is t*e ,ele%!tion o. &o+ers. Out o. ne"essity, t*e e/isten"e !n, &o+ers o. !,'inistr!ti-e !%en"ies &ro"ee, .ro' t*e in"re!se, .un"tion o. %o-ern'ent, t*e "o'&le/ity o. 'o,ern so"i!l, e"ono'i", !n, in,ustri!l syste's, in!$ility o. le%isl!ti-e or "ourts to &er.or' t*eir .un"tions ,ire"tly Ne"essity .or "onst!nt su&er-ision $y e/&erts !n, s&e"i!lists !n, t*e e/&erien"e !"2uire, $y su"* s&e"i!list in ,i..i"ult !n, "o'&li"!te, .iel,

Fle/i$ility +*i"* is t*e '!r1 o. !,'inistr!ti-e &ro"ess in "ontr!st to le% or 3u,i"i!l &ro"ess

Common t5#es of ,+ministr,tive ,4encies = @ A B < E F K G For re%ul!tion un,er Poli"e &o+er 8LTO9 Re%ul!tion o. Pu$li" utilities 8LTFRB9 T*!t %r!nts &ri-ile%es 8Bure!u o. L!n,s, P*ili&&ine Veter!ns A,'inistr!tion9 C!rryin% out t*e !"tu!l $usiness o. %o-ern'ent 8BIR, MWSS, CAA, P*ili&&ine N!tion!l R!il+!ys9 For re%ul!tion o. &ri-!te $usiness !n, in,i-i,u!ls 8SEC9 T*!t &er.or' so'e $usiness ser-i"e .or t*e &u$li" 8Bure!u o. Posts9 T*!t !,3u,i"!tes !n, ,e"i,es in,ustri!l "ontro-ersies 8NLRC9 M!1in% t*e %o-ern'ent ! &ri-!te &!rty 8(SIS9 T*!t !,3u,i"!te !n, ,e"i,e ele"tion "ontests 8COMELEC9