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Chapter 5 Review

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240 views

Chapter 5 Review

Uploaded by

api-232613595
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 4

Page 1 of 5

CHAPTER

Chapter Summary
WHY did you learn it?
Decide where a hockey goalie should be positioned to defend the goal. (p. 270) Find the center of a mushroom ring. (p. 277) Find points in a triangle used to measure a persons heart fitness. (p. 283) Determine the length of the crossbar of a swing set.
(p. 292)

WHAT did you learn?


Use properties of perpendicular bisectors and angle bisectors. (5.1) Use properties of perpendicular bisectors and angle bisectors of a triangle. (5.2) Use properties of medians and altitudes of a triangle. (5.3) Use properties of midsegments of a triangle. (5.4) Compare the lengths of the sides or the measures of the angles of a triangle. (5.5) Understand and write indirect proofs. (5.6) Use the Hinge Theorem and its converse to compare side lengths and angle measures of triangles. (5.6)

Determine how the lengths of the boom lines of a crane affect the position of the boom. (p. 300) Prove theorems that cannot be easily proved directly. Decide which of two airplanes is farther from an airport. (p. 304)

How does Chapter 5 fit into the BIGGER PICTURE of geometry?


In this chapter, you studied properties of special segments of triangles, which are an important building block for more complex figures that you will explore in later chapters. The special segments of a triangle have applications in many areas such as demographics (p. 280), medicine (p. 283), and room design (p. 299).

STUDY STRATEGY

Did you test your memory?


The list of important vocabulary terms and skills you made, following the Study Strategy on page 262, may resemble this one.

Memory Test
perpendicular bisector XM = YM k XY perpendicular bisector of a triangle
k X M Y

angle bisector of a triangle

309

Page 2 of 5

CHAPTER

Chapter Review
equidistant from two lines,
p. 266 perpendicular bisector of a triangle, p. 272 concurrent lines, p. 272 point of concurrency, p. 272

perpendicular bisector,
p. 264 equidistant from two points, p. 264 distance from a point to a line, p. 266

circumcenter of a triangle,
p. 273 angle bisector of a triangle, p. 274 incenter of a triangle, p. 274 median of a triangle, p. 279

centroid of a triangle, p. 279 altitude of a triangle, p. 281 orthocenter of a triangle,


p. 281 midsegment of a triangle, p. 287 indirect proof, p. 302
Examples on pp. 264267

5.1

PERPENDICULARS AND BISECTORS


In the figure, AD is the angle bisector of BAC and the perpendicular bisector of BC. You know that BE = CE by the definition of perpendicular bisector and that AB = AC by the Perpendicular Bisector Theorem. Because DP AP and DQ AQ , then DP and DQ are the distances from D to the sides of PAQ and you know that DP = DQ by the Angle Bisector Theorem.
EXAMPLES

P B

E C A

In Exercises 13, use the diagram. 1. If SQ is the perpendicular bisector of RT, explain how you know that

RQ TQ and RS TS .
2. If UR UT, what can you conclude about U? 3. If Q is equidistant from SR and ST , what can you conclude about Q?

R U q T
Examples on pp. 272274

5.2

BISECTORS OF A TRIANGLE
EXAMPLES The perpendicular bisectors of a triangle intersect at the circumcenter, which is equidistant from the vertices of the triangle. The angle bisectors of a triangle intersect at the incenter, which is equidistant from the sides of the triangle.

4. The perpendicular bisectors of RST

5. The angle bisectors of XYZ intersect at W.

intersect at K. Find KR.


S R K 12

Find WB.
Z A 8 T Y 10 B X

32

310

Chapter 5 Properties of Triangles

Page 3 of 5

5.3

MEDIANS AND ALTITUDES OF A TRIANGLE


The medians of a triangle intersect at the centroid. The lines containing the altitudes of a triangle intersect at the orthocenter.
EXAMPLES
AP = AD
2 3

Examples on pp. 279281

HN , JM , and KL intersect at Q.

H N J M

F P

q L

Name the special segments and point of concurrency of the triangle. 6. 7.


7 8 8 7 6 6

8.

9.

XYZ has vertices X(0, 0), Y(4, 0), and Z(0, 6). Find the coordinates of the indicated point. 10. the centroid of XYZ 11. the orthocenter of XYZ
Examples on pp. 287289

5.4

MIDSEGMENT THEOREM
A midsegment of a triangle connects the midpoints of two sides of the triangle. By the Midsegment Theorem, a midsegment of a triangle is parallel to the third side and its length is half the length of the third side.
EXAMPLES
C E D A 5 10 B DE AB , DE = AB

1 2

In Exercises 12 and 13, the midpoints of the sides of HJK are L(4, 3), M (8, 3), and N (6, 1). 12. Find the coordinates of the vertices of the triangle. 13. Show that each midsegment is parallel to a side of the triangle. 14. Find the perimeter of BCD.
B E 12 D F 22 G 9 C P T 10 S 24

15. Find the perimeter of STU.


R U 9 q

Chapter Review

311

Page 4 of 5

5.5

INEQUALITIES IN ONE TRIANGLE


EXAMPLES In a triangle, the side and the angle of greatest measurement are always opposite each other. In the diagram, the largest angle, MNQ, is opposite the longest side, MQ.
M

Examples on pp. 295297

By the Exterior Angle Inequality, mMQP > mN and mMQP > mM. By the Triangle Inequality, MN + NQ > MQ, NQ + MQ > MN, and MN + MQ > NQ.

41.4

82.8 N 4

55.8 124.2 q P

In Exercises 1619, write the angle and side measurements in order from least to greatest. 16.
10 C 9 D A 8 B 35 E G L M

17.
25

F 23

18. J
70

50

19.
55

20.

FENCING A GARDEN You are enclosing a triangular garden region with a fence. You have measured two sides of the garden to be 100 feet and 200 feet. What is the maximum length of fencing you need? Explain.
Examples on pp. 302304

5.6

INDIRECT PROOF AND INEQUALITIES IN TWO TRIANGLES


EXAMPLES

AB DE and BC EF

F B A C D

Hinge Theorem: If mE > mB, then DF > AC. Converse of the Hinge Theorem: If DF > AC, then mE > mB.

In Exercises 2123, complete with <, >, or =.

? CB 21. AB
C

? m2 22. m1
R 1 16 S

? VS 23. TU
T 126 126 W U

D 92 88 A B P 15

2 q

24. Write the first statement for an indirect proof of this situation: In a MPQ, if

M Q, then MPQ is isosceles.


25. Write an indirect proof to show that no triangle has two right angles.
312 Chapter 5 Properties of Triangles

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