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Reducing The Clinker Factor in Cement Manufacture

The document discusses strategies for reducing the environmental impact of concrete production in developing countries. It proposes using supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) like pozzolans to reduce the clinker factor in cement, thereby lowering costs and CO2 emissions from concrete. The approach aims to improve concrete properties and durability while decreasing resource intensity through local production and recycled aggregates.

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Hazem Diab
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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141 views26 pages

Reducing The Clinker Factor in Cement Manufacture

The document discusses strategies for reducing the environmental impact of concrete production in developing countries. It proposes using supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) like pozzolans to reduce the clinker factor in cement, thereby lowering costs and CO2 emissions from concrete. The approach aims to improve concrete properties and durability while decreasing resource intensity through local production and recycled aggregates.

Uploaded by

Hazem Diab
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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8educlng Lhe Cllnker lacLor ln

CemenL ManufacLure: A Cholce for


ueveloplng CounLrles
!"#$% '"(()*"+),"$ *-%.--$ /012 )$3 45267 58*)
!. lernando Marurena P.
CluLM. unlversldad CenLral MarLha Abreu" de las vlllas. Cuba
I.MarnrenaQenet.cu
lCCu
(ueclL ln food provlslon)
PLAL1P
(AluS, Malarla, uengue)
SPLL1L8
(Slums, urban growLh)
MCS1 u8CLn1 8C8LLMS 1C SCLvL
LNVIkCNMLN1
(lL wlll change our Loday's concepL of
llvlng)
MCS1 u8CLn1 8C8LLMS 1C SCLvL
LarLhquakes, hurrlcanes, oods
make more compllcaLed Lhe
slLuauon, above all ln over
populaLed areas...
ulSAS1L8S WC8SLn 1PL Sl1uA1lCn
SCILNCL can be a sulLable Lool Lo help change Lhe
currenL slLuauon.
CluLM'S lnnCvA1lCn MCuLL
kCDUC1
DLMAND
CIDLM
I|rst 1r|a|
(|mprov|sed mach|nery and raw mater|a|s)
!
no
M
o
r
e

l
n
f
o
r
m
a
u
o
n

Lxper|menta| roducnon
(|n a workshop |n a commun|ty)
Mach|nery deve|opment
(I|rst prototype to be dev|sed)
Iund|ng
(uevelopmenL
pro[ecLs)
!
?es
Iund. kesearch
(at a un|vers|ty |n an
|ndustr|a||zed country)
App||ed kesearch
(at a un|vers|ty |n Cuba or
Lann Amer|ca)
Mach|ne producnon
(w|th a |oca| mach|ne
producer |n Cuba
Iund|ng
(Sales)
Iund|ng
(Academlc
sponsors)
no
?es
l
m
p
r
o
v
e

p
a
r
a
m
e
L
e
r
s

1LCnNICAL ACkAGL
(machlnery + know-how)
S
|
d
e

e

e
c
t
s

know|edge
(handbooks, papers, docus)
8u||t capac|ty
(hDs, techn|c|ans, students)
CONCRETE 600-800 MJ/ton
WOOD
Cut wood
Multilayer board
500 MJ/ton
4000 MJ/ton
GLASS 15700 MJ/ton
STEEL
(from scrap)
21000 MJ/ton
11000 MJ/ton
ALUMINUM
(recycled)
164000 MJ/ton
18000 MJ/ton
PLASTICS
HDPE 81000 MJ/ton
Data taken from a lecture by Prof. K. Scrivener, EPFL,
Switzerland, 2005
1o encourage masslve usage of low embodled energy
producLs. 8ACk 1C 1nL kCC1S?
8lnClLLS Cl Cu8 WC8k
1o achleve Lhrough lnnovauon a radlcal lncrease ln
resource use emclency. (factor 4 or Iactor 10?).
8lnClLLS Cl Cu8 WC8k
Wilma, Octubre
2005, cat 5, wind
250 kph
Rita, Septiembre
2005, cat 5, wind 250
k.p.h, No. 5
Dennis, Julio 2005,
cat. 4, wind 240 kph
Ike, September 2008,
cat. 4, wind 230 kph
Gustav, August 2008,
cat. 4, wind 240 kph
8lnClLLS Cl Cu8 WC8k
To design and build
disaster safe houses
8LLnuLu CLMLn1 CCnC8L1L
H2O
+ +
+
Normal concrete 15 35 MPa Up to 50% pozzolan
Medium strength
concrete
35 60 MPa 15% - 35% pozzolan
SECONDARY REACTION
Since 1980 cement replacement materials have been used...
MAIN REACTION
Lime Pozzolan
(admixture)
CSH
CSH Portlandite (lime )
Portland cement
LxAMLL: CZZCLAnS Cu1 Cl AC8l-WAS1LS
Cur approach Lo produce
a green" concreLe
8educe lmpacL of
CC use
lmprove concreLe properues &
envlronmenLal prole
use good SCMs
(acuve pozzolans)
use of acuve
llers (CC-Mk)
8educe cllnker
facLor ln cemenL
AlLernauve cemenL
chemlsLry
lmprove Lhrough
grlndlng
lmprove
sLrengLh and
durablllLy
ConLrol
lnLeracuon
beLween nes
lncrease
maLrlx
packlng
LCC-CCnC8L1L
use emclenL
plasuclzers
8educe W/C
rauo
8educe
resource
lnLenslLy use
Local
producuon
aggregaLes
(recycled)
86 96
30 min 60 min 90 min
600 C 63 66 69
800 C 83 86 89
925 C 93 96 99
70 CC + 30 Calclned Clay, a/
c=0,4
CLA? AC1lvA1lCn: lnlLuLnCL Cl 1LML8A1u8L
Compress|ve Strength (CC Nomo 4)
3.0
13.0
23.0
33.0
43.0
33.0
63.0
-7 0 7 14 21 28 33 42 49 36 63 70 77 84 91
nme [days]
[
M

a
]

CC
600-CC
800-CC
Mk-CC
I|||er-CC
92S-CC
96 28d
66 28d 86 28d
CLA? AC1lvA1lCn: MLCPAnlCAL 8CL81lLS
8esL resulLs
(compresslve
sLrengLh) (800 oC)
WorsL resulLs
(compresslve
sLrengLh) (900 oC)
Cur approach Lo produce
a green" concreLe
8educe lmpacL of
CC use
lmprove concreLe properues &
envlronmenLal prole
use good SCMs
(acuve pozzolans)
use of acuve
llers (CC-Mk)
8educe cllnker
facLor ln cemenL
AlLernauve cemenL
chemlsLry
lmprove Lhrough
grlndlng
lmprove
sLrengLh and
durablllLy
ConLrol
lnLeracuon
beLween nes
lncrease
maLrlx
packlng
LCC-CCnC8L1L
use emclenL
plasuclzers
8educe W/C
rauo
8educe
resource
lnLenslLy use
Local
producuon
aggregaLes
(recycled)
CLA? AC1lvA1lCn: C8lnulnC
Crlndlng eecL
Coarsenlng
eecL
erformance aL 7 days
erformance aL 28 days
Cround maLerlal
(900 oC)
Crlglnal maLerlal
(900 oC)
Cur approach Lo produce
a green" concreLe
8educe lmpacL of
CC use
lmprove concreLe properues &
envlronmenLal prole
use good SCMs
(acuve pozzolans)
use of acuve
llers (CC-Mk)
8educe cllnker
facLor ln cemenL
AlLernauve cemenL
chemlsLry
lmprove Lhrough
grlndlng
lmprove
sLrengLh and
durablllLy
ConLrol
lnLeracuon
beLween nes
lncrease
maLrlx
packlng
LCC-CCnC8L1L
use emclenL
plasuclzers
8educe W/C
rauo
8educe
resource
lnLenslLy use
Local
producuon
aggregaLes
(recycled)
Mechan|ca| propernes
Macro (fresh & hardened)
Vo|d h|||ng
nydranon rate
Mlcro (fresh & hardened)
Mlnlmlze volds
beLween aggregaLes
llll as many caplllary
pores wlLh reacuon
producLs as posslble
Cpumal pasLe
volume
Cpumal CC
replacemenL raLe
(dependlng on
LargeL properues)
1heorenca|
SLolchlomeLrlc
Lquauons
Lxper|menta|
CP consumpuon, SLM
observauon & mapplng
Lconomy]Lco|ogy
- Lower CC (use SCM)
- Aualn durablllLy (llmlL
CC replacemenL)
8|nder
opnm|z|ng
S18A1LC? lC8 C1lMlZlnC CCnC8L1L
- Mlnlmum volume volds = 263.8 llLers
- 8auo ne/coarse aggregaLe 47:33
lnC8LASL ACklnC: MAC8C
I.I. Dop|co, tes|s, 2009
8AC1lCAL 8LSuL1S ln LCC-
CCnC8L1L
1he mlxes made
wlLh vpasLe/vol
waLer consLanL
have Lhe same
slump (121cm),
and Lhe besL resulLs
are obLalned for a
volumeLrlc
proporuon cemenL/
admllxLure= 40 ,
whlch corresponds
Lo 30 mass
replacemenL
LCCnCM? Anu LCCLCC?
ConcreLe used ln brldges
o-shore Cuba
(aproxlmmaLe)
Cur proposal for
opumlzed" concreLe
for Lhe same use
(approx.)
s
a
v
|
n
g
s

s
a
v
|
n
g
s

LCCnCM? lC8 nLW CCnC8L1L
23
LnvlronmenLal lmpacL AssessmenL accordlng Lo damage caLegorles. Lco-lndex 99 ( Soware
Slmaro versln 7.1 )

-
2
0

-
4
0

-
6
0

C
o
n
t
r
o
|

-
2
0

-
4
0

-
6
0

C
o
n
t
r
o
|

Lnvl8CnMLn1AL lMAC1 nLW CCnC8L1L
Cur approach Lo produce
a green" concreLe
8educe lmpacL of
CC use
lmprove concreLe properues &
envlronmenLal prole
use good SCMs
(acuve pozzolans)
use of acuve
llers (CC-Mk)
8educe cllnker
facLor ln cemenL
AlLernauve cemenL
chemlsLry
lmprove Lhrough
grlndlng
lmprove
sLrengLh and
durablllLy
ConLrol
lnLeracuon
beLween nes
lncrease
maLrlx
packlng
LCC-CCnC8L1L
use emclenL
plasuclzers
8educe W/C
rauo
8educe
resource
lnLenslLy use
Local
producuon
aggregaLes
(recycled)
1PL SLCCnu PASL 2009-2012
A new sLudy ls underLaken Lo
look for ways Lo produce very
reacuve pozzolanlc maLerlals
comblned wlLh energy co-
generauon.
MLkCI!

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