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2 Diffcod

Differential encoding is used for two main purposes: 1) To provide polarity reversal protection of bit streams that may be unintentionally inverted as they pass through communication circuits, and 2) To encode phase information in modulation schemes like DPSK where coherent detection is not possible. It works by adding each incoming bit in a data sequence to the previous encoded bit. This allows the original data sequence to be recovered regardless of whether the received sequence was inverted or not. In simulation models, differential encoding is not needed to prevent bit reversals but is important to include for modulation schemes like DPSK that rely on encoding phase changes.

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Fatima Ahsan
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29 views

2 Diffcod

Differential encoding is used for two main purposes: 1) To provide polarity reversal protection of bit streams that may be unintentionally inverted as they pass through communication circuits, and 2) To encode phase information in modulation schemes like DPSK where coherent detection is not possible. It works by adding each incoming bit in a data sequence to the previous encoded bit. This allows the original data sequence to be recovered regardless of whether the received sequence was inverted or not. In simulation models, differential encoding is not needed to prevent bit reversals but is important to include for modulation schemes like DPSK that rely on encoding phase changes.

Uploaded by

Fatima Ahsan
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SIGNALPROCESSING&SIMULATIONNEWSLETTER

TUTORIAL 2 DIFFERENTIAL ENCODING

Oneofthecommondifficultiesincommunicationsengineeringisthatoftenthesametermsareusedtorepresent differentideas.DifferentialEncodingisonesuchterm.Wewilldescribeheretwocommonwaysthistermis usedandunlessyouknowthesedifferences,theycanleadtoconfusion.

DifferentialEncodingIsusedtoprovidepolarityreversalprotection

Bitstreamsgoingthroughthemanycommunicationscircuitsinthechannelcanbeunintentionally inverted.Mostsignalprocessingcircuitscannottellifthewholestreamisinverted.Thisisalsocalledphase ambiguity.DifferentialEncodingisusedtoprotectagainstthispossibility.Itisoneofthesimplestformoferror protectioncodingdoneonabasebandsequencepriortomodulation. ADifferentialCodingsystemconsistsofamodulo2adderoperationasshownbelow. d in=Datasequencein eout=DifferentiallyEncodeddatasequenceout Encoding

Eout=d in+en1 Hereishowitworks.Letstakeasequenceasshownbelow.TheEncodingcircuitabovehasareference bit(itcanbe0or1,itdoesntmatter).Theincomingdatasequenceisaddedtothisreferencebitandformsthe secondbitoftheencodedsequence.Thisbitisthenaddedtothenextdatabittocontinuetheprocessasshown below.

Decoding

Thedecodingprocessreversestheabove.Theincomingbitsareaddedtogethertorecreatetheinputdata sequence. Therearenowtwopossibilities,1.thatthereceivedsequencewasnotreversedand2.thatitwas.lets seehowthecircuitdealswitheachofthesetwopossibilities. BitSequenceReceivedCorrectly

BitSequenceReceivedReversed

Ineithercase,bythemagicofbinarynumbers,wewereabletogettheoriginalbitsequenceback. DifferentialEncodingUsedtoprovidephasereference

DifferentialEncodingasinDEBPSKorDPSK)isananotherwaytoapplythissameconcept.Although theconceptisexactlythesame,herethepurposeofDifferentialEncodingistoenocodetheinformationinterms ofphasechanges.DPSKorDEBPSKisusedinsituationswherecoherentdetectionisnotpossibleandthesignal phasetransitionsareusedtodecodethedata.Wewilllookatthedetailsofthismodulationinalaterrelease. Summary:MainpurposeofDifferentialEncodingistoprotectagainstpolarityreversalsofinputbit sequences.HenceDifferentiallyEncodeddatasequenceshaveaslightlysuperiorerrorperformance.Differential EncodingisalsousedtoprovideawaytodecodeaBPSKsignal,calledDEBPSKorDPSK.Theoperationis exactlythesameasdescribedabove. Insoftwaresimulation,thereisnochancethatabitsequencewillbereversed.Sowhencreatinga simulationmodelofaDifferentiallyEncodedsequence,wecanignorethisbasebandcoding.However,when modelingaDPSKsystem,weneedtoconsideritsimplicationsinceitisessentialtothesystem.

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