HI-TRAC 100

HIGH SPEED WEIGH-IN-MOTION DATA COLLECTION & PRE-SELECTION SYSTEM UTILISING HI-COMM 100 SOFTWARE System Overview

HI-TRAC is a registered Trade Mark of TDC Systems Limited

TDC Systems Limited Weston-Super-Mare ENGLAND Tel Fax Email Web : : : : +44 (0)1934 644299 +44 (0)1934 644255 [email protected] www.tdcsystems.co.uk

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HI-TRAC 100 Overview

CONTENTS

System Overview 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Remote Site Configuration 1.3 Operating Principles 1.4 HI-TRAC 100 Electronic Unit 1.5 System Calibration 1.6 Maintenance 1.7 WIM Pre-Selection Operation 1.8 HI-TRAC 100 Front Panel Display 1.9 HI-TRAC 100 Menu Performance and Accuracy Criteria 2.1 Road Sensor Configurations 2.2 Piezo-Loop-Piezo 2.3 Loop-Piezo-Loop 2.4 The Piezo Sensor 2.5 Bicycle Sensors 2.6 Why Use Piezoelectric Sensors 2.7 Comparison Table for Different Types of WIM Sensors HI-TRAC 100 Data Storage Capacity 3.1 Vehicle by Vehicle Data Storage 3.2 Statistical Data Files 3.3 ATMS Data Files 3.4 Malfunction Management Files HI-COMM 100 Software Package (Example Reports & Screen Displays) Drawings

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HI-TRAC 100 Overview

1. HI-TRAC 100 SYSTEM OVERVIEW

1.1 Introduction The HI-TRAC 100 is a medium or high speed traffic classification and weigh-inmotion (WIM) system. The HI-TRAC 100 system provides a low-cost means of recording traffic data without interruption to traffic flow. The HI-TRAC 100 will detect and record traffic at speeds from 5 to at least 180 kph. The system consists of road-installed items of two piezo-electric sensors and an inductive loop per traffic lane. The HI-TRAC 100 electronic unit is installed in a protective roadside cabinet and connects to the road installed items. The signal from the piezo-electric sensors is monitored by the HI-TRAC 100 and used to calculate the axle loading, vehicle speed and vehicle inter-axle separation as the vehicle passes over the road sensor array. The HI-TRAC 100 electronic unit monitors the inductive loop signal to determine vehicle presence time over the road sensor array and hence provides an indication of the lane occupancy. The inductive loop signal is also used by HI-TRAC to determine vehicle chassis length and as an end-of-vehicle detector to separate closely passing traffic. A 4-line by 20-character LCD located on the front panel displays the data recorded from the last vehicle and in conjunction with a 16-key membrane keypad facilitates localised setting of configuration parameters, calibration and other functions. The system may be linked via a modem and telephone line, a GSM modem or a data (RS485) cable link to a PC for downloading of data, administration and real time viewing of traffic. Additionally a laptop computer can be connected locally via a serial (RS232) port on the front panel of the HI-TRAC 100. Data is stored internally on an SRAM memory card. The HI-TRAC 100 is installed as standard with a 4Mbyte card, which will store up to 400,000 vehicle records when operating in the WIM mode. An upgrade to either a 6Mbyte or 8Mbyte memory card is available. The HI-TRAC 100 electronic unit is housed in a weatherproof cabinet installed at the roadside. Power can be supplied by various means; continuous monitoring requires either AC mains or a solar panel/battery set-up, whereas temporary installations can be supplied by a battery of suitable size (dependant upon length of survey). A backup battery is normally recommended if the system is powered via AC mains. The HI-TRAC 100 system utilizes the TDC Systems Neural Network Temperature Compensation Algorithm to continually fine tune temperature compensation for optimum system performance and accuracy. The standard HI-TRAC 100 system connects to 4 lanes of road-installed sensors but it is upgradeable to connect to a maximum of 8 lanes.

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HI-TRAC 100 Overview

1.2

Remote Site Configuration

The HI-TRAC 100 electronic unit is capable of interfacing to sixteen piezo-electric sensors and eight inductive loops. In the standard configuration of two piezo-electric sensors and one inductive loop, per lane of traffic measuring, this provides a maximum of 8 lanes of data recording. For a weigh-in-motion (WIM system) installation of Class 1 piezo-electric sensors are preferred. For an installation that is required to only count and classify vehicles (an AVC system) Class 2 piezo-electric sensors provide a more cost-effective solution. With a WIM installation it is necessary to install an in-road thermistor to provide road temperature information to the HI-TRAC 100 system. This is used for temperature correction of the recorded vehicle axle load data. The HI-TRAC 100 system utilizes the TDC Systems Neural Network Temperature Compensation Algorithm to continually fine tune the applied temperature compensation for optimum system performance.

1.3

Operating Principles

The piezo-electric sensor outputs electrical charge proportional to the applied pressure of a vehicle axle or wheel passing over it. The electrical charge is converted into a voltage, by the HI-TRAC 100 electronic unit. The voltage signal is monitored by HI-TRAC 100 and used to determine axle detection times. The amplitude of the signal gives an indication of axle weight.

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HI-TRAC 100 Overview

The piezo-electric sensors are installed a distance of 3 Metres apart in the road surface. The inductive loop is 2 Metres square. The loop is situated symmetrically between the sensors, in the lane. The time between the same axle being detected on both piezo sensors provides an axle speed measurement. The separation between each axle pair on the vehicle is calculated from the axle detection times recorded on a single sensor and multiplying by the calculated speed. For improved accuracy this result is averaged over the two sensors. The inductance value of the road-installed loop changes when a vehicle passes through the loop detection zone. This causes a change in the oscillation frequency of the loop detector circuitry inside the HI-TRAC 100 electronic unit. This change in frequency is monitored by the loop detector and used to determine when vehicles are over the sensor array. The vehicle length is determined from the length of time the inductive loop was activated by the metal chassis of the vehicle. The inductive loop signal is also used to distinguish between closely moving traffic. If the loop detector output deactivates it is assumed by the HI-TRAC system that the final axle has been detected on the first piezo sensor (that is the first sensor in the direction of traffic). This is then determined to be the total number of axles on the currently detected vehicle. Where two or more lanes are installed with sensors the HI-TRAC 100 is capable of determining and recording vehicles that straddle adjacent lanes. A typical installation is shown above, however alternative sensor configurations can be employed dependant upon the application. Drawings attached at the end of this document outline the variations available. 1.4 HI-TRAC 100 Electronic Unit

The HI-TRAC 100 is a rack or shelf mount unit residing in a weatherproof roadside cabinet. The unit incorporates a 16-key membrane keypad and a 4-line LCD display to facilitate configuration and set-up. In addition an RS232 (Serial) connection is provided for laptop connection.

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HI-TRAC 100 Overview

The HI-TRAC 100 connections include:

Piezo-Electric Sensor (x 16) Inductive Loop (x 8) RS232 Laptop Communication Port Modem Communication Port Modem Power Output (8V DC) Thermistor Input Relay Output RS485 Communication Port Battery Power Input (12V DC) AC Mains Input Cabinet Door Switch Input (x 2) Ticket Printer Output

The vehicle data recorded by the HI-TRAC system can be retrieved into the HI-COMM 100 Traffic Data Collection software package via a laptop or modem connection. HI-COMM 100 is a powerful, multi-function software package developed in-house by TDC Systems Limited. The HI-TRAC 100 continues to record vehicle data whilst HI-COMM is connected to and downloading to the laptop or remote PC. All HI-TRAC 100 configuration parameters can be programmed using the HI-COMM 100 user-friendly WINDOWS based software package and can be stored into a file on the computer. They can also be uploaded from the computer to reset the HI-TRAC 100 settings back to the correct values if corruption of information has taken place. A local (cable) connection can be extended over a distance of up to 1Kilometre using the RS485 communications port. The system is designed to work via the telephone network using any number of different manufacturers modems. A DC powered modem is recommended for operation with the HITRAC 100 system. The HI-TRAC 100 provides the DC power output to the modem. This has the advantage of the HI-TRAC providing power cycling to the modem each hour (switching the modem off and on again and then re-initialising the modem) to prevent modem latch-up problems.
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HI-TRAC 100 Overview

Additionally a GSM modem with a vandal proof antenna can be installed where the system is installed in a location with no available telephone landlines.

The HI-TRAC 100 is capable of driving up to two external 12V DC relays. These can be used for a variety of applications including switching traffic signals or activating external alarms when vehicles are detected as being illegally loaded. The door switch input connects to the cabinet door switches mounted internally on the front and rear roadside cabinet doors. When a door is opened the HI-TRAC 100 system records an entry into a log (the Malfunction Management File) stored in its internal battery-backed memory. This log can be recalled and displayed within the HI-COMM 100 software package providing a record of when and where HI-TRAC cabinets have been accessed. The HI-TRAC 100 runs from an AC mains supply with a wide input voltage and frequency tolerance (85-264V, 47-400Hz). The HI-TRAC 100 internal power supply unit (PSU) is a universal input AC/DC converter. The output voltage of the PSU is approximately 13.8V. With a 12V sealed lead-acid rechargeable battery connected to the HI-TRAC battery input connector the PSU trickle charges to provide a constantly topped up back-up battery. In the event of mains power failure the system continues to operate uninterrupted in the case of a DC powered modem the system also continues to communicate uninterrupted. A mains power failure fault is recorded to a log stored in the HI-TRAC 100 battery-backed memory. Alternatively where AC mains power is not available the HI-TRAC 100 can be powered by a solar panel and battery set-up. Solar panels from 20-80W and 12v battery sizes from 3280Ah may be employed, dependant upon local conditions. For relatively short duration surveys the HI-TRAC 100 electronic unit may be powered by a rechargeable sealed lead-acid battery. The HI-TRAC 100 will remain powered for more than 7 days hours from a 38 AH battery.

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HI-TRAC 100 Overview

1.5

System Calibration

Calibration procedures and Temperature Non-Linearity set-up procedures are fully explained in a separate documentation but basic calibration consists of passing a number of vehicles (normally three different types) over the sensors in each lane and recording each axle and gross vehicle weight on each pass. Each vehicle is loaded to known axle and gross vehicle weights and checked at a calibrated static weighbridge prior to calibrating the HSWIM system. Wherever possible it is recommended that three vehicles are used: i) ii) iii) 2 Axle Rigid Vehicle Loaded to 16,000kg (approx.) 3 Axle Rigid Vehicle Loaded to 25,000kg (approx.) 5/6 Axle Articulated Vehicle Loaded to 35,000kg (approx.)

Where these vehicles are not available it is recommended that at least one vehicle with 3 or more axles is used. The recorded axle and gross vehicle weights are compared to the weights recorded on the static weighbridge and corrections are made to ensure results are to an acceptable level of accuracy. Note that weight results are subject to variation due to a number of parameters that are independent of the electronic system; to this end site selection is paramount to system accuracy. These parameters include: i) ii) iii) Road condition and smoothness of the surface Geometric parameters (road is on an incline or curve) Vehicle change of speed (accelerating or braking)

To provide the most accurate results a HI-TRAC system should be installed, commissioned and left collecting data for approximately one or two weeks after which corrections utilising the temperature non-linearity functions are made prior to the actual calibration. System re-calibration should be carried out on a 6-8 month basis. 1.6 Maintenance

Maintenance procedures with piezo electric sensor weigh-in-motion systems are fairly minimal when compared to other systems utilising bending plates and single load cells. Regular inspections (monthly) are recommended and consist of: i) ii) iii) iv) v) vi) Visual inspection of the road condition around the sensors Measurement of the capacitance and resistance of the piezo electric sensors Measurement of the resistance (and inductance if possible) of the inductive loop sensor Check of battery condition and state of charge Check of system functionality via the front panel keypad and display Check of vehicle record via the front panel display and visible passing traffic

If the road conditions around the sensors show signs of cracking and break-up immediate repairs utilising epoxy or bituminous repair material is recommended.

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HI-TRAC 100 Overview

1.7

WIM Pre-Selection Operation

The HI-TRAC 100 can be configured to pre-select vehicles for more accurate low-speed or static weighing enforcement. A typical configuration would include a medium or high speed HI-TRAC system located in the highway up stream of a low speed/static LO-TRAC Axle Weighbridge Enforcement Station.

HI-TRAC 100 WIM pre-selection of overloaded vehicles Automatic Number Plate Recognition or CCTV and Text Insertion options Diversion sign to send overloaded vehicles to Weigh Station LO-TRAC Axle Weighbridge for Enforcement

If the HI-TRAC system identifies a vehicle as being overloaded it can activate a Divert to Weighbridge sign.

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HI-TRAC 100 Overview

The vehicle diverts to the LO-TRAC weighbridge where it is weighed to typically 1% accuracy.

The HI-TRAC system interfaces directly to the LO-TRAC weigh station electronics by means of an RS485 communication cable. The LO-TRAC system communicates the HITRAC data to the weigh station PC for user display. The HI-TRAC system can be equipped with CCTV. Text can be inserted onto the camera image by the HI-TRAC 100 system by means of a text insertion module installed at the HITRAC roadside cabinet. The output can then be stored onto a time-lapsed VCR and/or displayed on a monitor at the weigh station office. Additionally a number plate recognition system may be interfaced with the HI-TRAC for identification of infringing vehicles.

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HI-TRAC 100 Overview

1.8

HI-TRAC 100 Front Panel Display

The HI-TRAC 100 displays each vehicle that is detected on the front panel LCD dialogue box. An example of the information displayed is as follows:

Cat 61:4,L1 35KPH,Axles 2 Time 10:20:02 T4,ID4

This is the normal weighing/recording display mode of the HI-TRAC 100 electronic unit. The displayed data is defined as follows: Cat 61:4 The vehicle detected was classified as having a class index number of 4 and a class name 61 (this is the vehicle category or classification of a bus). The lane number in which the vehicle was detected. The speed the vehicle was travelling at in kilometres per hour (KPH). The total number of axles detected on the vehicle. The time the vehicle was detected. The total traffic count for the day. The unique identifying code (serial number) assigned by HITRAC 100 to the vehicle record stored in the system batterybacked memory.

L1 35KPH Axles 2 Time 10:20:02 T4 ID4

NOTE: The Classification Index Number is a unique identifying number for a type of vehicle defined by the number of axles on the vehicle, the spacing between axles on the vehicle and the overhang of the vehicle. A Category or Vehicle Classification or Class Name is an identifier for a group of unique vehicle types that fall under the same identity (e.g. A BUS is a category which may include several unique sub-classes defining a 2-axle bus, a 3-axle bus and a mini-bus. These sub-classes are identified by their respective class index numbers assigned by HI-TRAC). 1.9 HI-TRAC 100 Menu

The HI-TRAC 100 front panel incorporates a 16-key membrane keypad, which is used in conjunction with the LCD to locally set system parameters. Menu options 1-9 can be selected directly by pressing the corresponding key number; the additional options are selected via the up and down arrows on the keypad. The menu options are shown on the following page.

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HI-TRAC 100 Overview

Option 1 Option 2 Option 3

Set Time Sets the local time Set date Sets the local date Set ATMS Interval The ATMS time interval determines the interval over which the ATMS data file parameters are calculated and recorded. Set lane Layout Configuration Sets the loop length, loop factor and sensor spacing for each lane Select Piezoelectric Sensor Type Selects the manufacturer of the piezoelectric sensor installed into each lane Edit Vehicle Classification Table Enters/edits existing classification detail for each class including a unique identification number, number of axles, inter-axle spacing and overhang Set Communication Baud Rate Selects the communication baud rate, there are five settings between 2,400 and 192,000 Configure Communications Port Selects the port to connect to a remote device for downloading data Configure Lane Type Lanes 1-4 Sets the type of monitoring for each lane: WIM, AVC, CYC (Cycles) or optionally turns monitoring off for that lane Configure Lane Type Lanes 5-8 Sets the type of monitoring for each lane: WIM, AVC, CYC (Cycles) or optionally turns monitoring off for that lane Configure Thermistor Sets temperature coefficient and calibrates the thermistor System Voltage Monitor The HI-TRAC 100 monitors the supply voltage and reports supply failures Modem Power Reset & Initialisation Manually resets the modem by turning off its power then turns it on again Cabinet Door Switch Status Indicates the status of the door switches Set Lane Direction Lanes 1-4 Sets the traffic direction: North/South/East/West Set Lane Direction lanes 5-8 Sets the traffic direction: North/South/East/West Set WIM Calibration Factor Sets the calibration factor for each lane
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Option 4 Option 5 Option 6

Option 7

Option 8 Option 9

Option 10

Option 11 Option 12 Option 13 Option 14 Option 15 Option 16 Option 17

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HI-TRAC 100 Overview

2. PERFORMANCE AND ACCURACY CRITERIA

General Performance Data: Speed Range Storage Capacity Vehicle-by-Vehicle Storage Lane Capacity WIM/AVC Statistical File Storage ATMS File Storage BINNED Data Storage Telemetry Options Temperature Range Classification User Configurable WIM/AVC Accuracy: Piezo-Loop-Piezo Piezo-Loop-Piezo Piezo-Loop-Piezo : : : 10% GVW 15% Axle Group 20% Axle Weight : : : : : : : : : : : 5 to at least 200 KPH 4 Mbytes (Upgrade 6M, 8M) 400,000 WIM records (4Mbytes) 8 Lanes 150 days 50 Intervals 8 Bins, 1400 Intervals GSM, PSTN, GPRS -20C to +65C EURO 6 (default) 110 Vehicle Classes

Weight accuracies stated to 95% Confidence or Probability of Conformity. (NOTE: Weight accuracies of <10% GVW are often achievable) Axle weight accuracy assumes road sensors installed into a smooth flat road surface with minimal rutting and curvature, as per COST 323 recommendations and ASTM 1318-02 specification. Speed Range Length Headway Speed : : : : 5 to 200 kph 8% 7% 1.5%

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HI-TRAC 100 Overview

Classification Accuracy (based on DfT Scheme): Loop + Piezo Class 0: Class 1: Class 2: Motorbike Cars Vans 95% 97% 97% 97% 98% 98% 99% 99% 99% 99% 99% 99% 99% 99% 99% 99% 99% 97% 99% 95%

Class 21: Car/Van + Trailer/Caravan Class 31: 2 Axle Rigid Truck Class 32: 3 Axle Rigid Truck Class 33: 4 Axle Rigid Truck Class 41: 3 Axle Drawbar Trailer Class 42: 4 Axle Drawbar Trailer Class 43: 5 Axle Drawbar Trailer Class 44: 6 Axle Drawbar Trailer Class 51: 3 Axle Articulated Truck Class 52: 4 Axle Articulated Truck (1+1+2) Class 53: 4 Axle Articulated Truck (1+2+1) Class 54: 5 Axle Articulated Truck (1+2+2) Class 55: 5 Axle Articulated Truck (1+1+3) Class 56: 6 Axle Articulated Truck Class 61: Buses and Coaches Class 7: 7 or More Axle Vehicle

Class CY: Bicycles (separate sensors required)

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HI-TRAC 100 Overview

2.1

Road Sensor Configurations

There are many different road sensor configurations for traffic classification, counting and weigh-in-motion recording. Each configuration has its own accuracy criteria. The sensor configuration selected for a particular installation should be based on the accuracy requirement, site of installation, ease of installation, maintainability, reliability and cost. TDC Systems Limited recommends the Piezo-Loop-Piezo installation for the highest quality vehicle classification, speed and axle weight data. Loop-Piezo-Loop configuration provides for AVC and WIM functionality with only a single piezo sensor for axle weight measurement. NOTE: Accurate axle weight data can only be acquired if the installation site is located in a smooth, flat road surface with minimum curvature and no rutting for 50 metres before and 20 metres after the installation, with respect to direction of traffic flow. 2.2 Piezo-Loop-Piezo

The piezo-loop-piezo system incorporates two piezo-electric sensors, installed in a lane, 3 Metres apart with a 2 Metre square inductive loop symmetrically between them. Vehicle speed measurement is performed by measuring the axle detection times on the two piezo-electric sensors. This technique gives an absolute speed measurement of each axle on the vehicle. Similarly the axle separation is calculated from axle detection times on the same sensor. This is the most accurate axle space measurement technique of all the different road sensor configurations. Speed accuracy for the piezo-loop-piezo sensor array is quoted at better than 1.5%. For a HI-TRAC 100 AVC Counting/Classifying system either full-size or half-size sensors can be employed. Full-size sensors span the entire width of the traffic lane (typically 3.35Metres). Half-size sensors span a sufficient portion of the lane to cover a single wheel track (typically 1.8Metres). For the AVC system there is a small improvement in vehicle detection for the full-size sensor array. For a HI-TRAC 100 WIM system it is recommended that full-size Class 1 piezo-electric sensors are used. With full-size sensors, each wheel on the vehicle passes over the piezo sensor, giving an output proportional to the weight of the wheel. This provides complete axle load information to the HI-TRAC 100 system. With the half-size sensor solution the HITRAC 100 has to assume that the wheel weights on the same axle are the same and effectively double the wheel weight to attain the axle weight. For a full-size Class 1 piezo sensor installation with a piezo-loop-piezo configuration (on a smooth road surface as defined above) axle weight accuracy of 7% are achievable with a 95% confidence limit.

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HI-TRAC 100 Overview

2.3

Loop-Piezo-Loop

The loop-piezo-loop system incorporates two inductive loops, installed in a lane, 2.5 Metres apart with a piezo-electric sensor located symmetrically between them. Vehicle speed measurement is performed by measuring the vehicle detection times on the two inductive loops. Similarly the axle separation is calculated from axle detection times on the sensor. Speed accuracy for the loop-piezo-loop sensor array is quoted at 1.5%, providing the vehicle travels centrally in the lane. For a HI-TRAC 100 AVC Counting/Classifying system utilising the Loop-Piezo-Loop configuration either full-size or half-size sensors can be employed. Full-size sensors span the entire width of the traffic lane (typically 3.35Metres). Half-size sensors span a sufficient portion of the lane to cover a single wheel track (typically 1.8Metres). There is a small improvement in vehicle detection with the full-size sensor array. For a HI-TRAC 100 WIM system it is recommended that full-size Class 1 piezo-electric sensors are used. With full-size sensors, each wheel on the vehicle passes over the piezo sensor, giving an output proportional to the weight of the wheel. This provides complete axle load information to the HI-TRAC 100 system. It is not recommended to use half-size sensors in a WIM application For a full-size Class 1 piezo sensor installation with a loop-piezo-loop configuration (on a smooth road surface as defined above) axle weight accuracies of 15% are achievable with a 95% confidence limit. 2.4 Vehicle Classification

Vehicle classification is determined from the number of axles on a vehicle, the separation between each pair of axles on the vehicle and the overhang of the vehicle. The axle separation is calculated to within 2% with both piezo-loop-piezo and loop-piezo-loop configuration. The piezo-loop-piezo system accurately detects and classifies vehicles that straddle the sensor array, i.e. vehicles that are travelling between lanes. Vehicle length accuracy is measured with an accuracy of 8%.

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HI-TRAC 100 Overview

2.5

The Piezo Sensor

The piezo sensor recommended by TDC Systems Limited is the Roadtrax BL sensor. The specification is as follows: Output Uniformity: Output Temperature Range Temperature Sensitivity Product Life < 7% for Class I (WIM) < 20% for Class II (AVC) -40 to +80C 0.1% per C 40,000,000 Equivalent Standard Axle Loads (dependent on installation)

The unique construction of the BL sensor allows it to be installed directly into the road in a flexible format so that it can conform to the profile of the road. The flat construction of the sensor gives an inherent rejection of road noise due to the road bending effect of an approaching axle and signal detection from adjacent lane activity. The small cut size (19mm by 19mm slot) in the road minimises the damage which is done to the road, speeds up the installation time and reduces the amount of epoxy that is used for the installation. For the Weigh-in-Motion installation temperature compensation of the piezo-electric output signal is required for most accurate weight measurement. This is achieved by means of a road-installed temperature sensor probe. The temperature probe is monitored by the HITRAC 100 electronic unit. The HI-TRAC 100 system is calibrated with a selection of vehicles whose static axle weights are accurately recorded at a low-speed (or static) weighbridge. 2.6 Bicycle Sensors

The HI-TRAC100 can be configured to connect to bicycle detection sensors. Two piezoelectric sensors are installed 1 metre apart per bicycle lane. The bicycle sensors can also be installed in a normal traffic lane. The HI-TRAC100 filters the normal traffic and only detects bicycles. The filtering function measures the signal size of passing axles to distinguish between bicycles and normal traffic. The speed and axle spacing provide a further distinction. If bicycle sensors are installed in a normal traffic lane the HI-TRAC100 is programmed to filter out simultaneous detections of bicycles, mopeds and motorbikes so not to record the same vehicle twice.

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HI-TRAC 100 Overview

2.7

Why Use Piezoelectric Sensors?

TDC recommends the BL piezoelectric sensor for most WIM applications including preselection for enforcement and data collection. The BL sensor gives accuracy of 10% for 95% of vehicles providing the sensor is installed in a smooth flat road surface. The installation is simple and can be carried out in 3 hours per lane, meaning minimal road closure times. The sensors are fully encapsulated in resin and do not exhibit the problem of flush mounted sensors, where resin break up in the wheel track areas causes the sensor to work free over a period of time. These sensors require regular maintenance in the form of resin repairs and cause break up of the road surface around the array. The sensor cost, installation cost and associated maintenance costs are considerably lower than other proven WIM technologies available now.

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HI-TRAC100 Overview

3. HI-TRAC DATA STORAGE CAPACITY

3.1 Vehicle-by-Vehicle Data Storage

Vehicle-by-Vehicle (VBV) data refers to data stored in the HI-TRAC battery-backed memory for each individual vehicle that is detected by the system. The system stores data on every vehicle detected by the system for 8 days. At the start of the next day (9th day), data recorded on the first day is overwritten hence there is always 7 full days data stored and available for download. The HI-TRAC electronic unit provides 4 Megabytes of Vehicle-by-Vehicle (VBV) data storage. An average of 10 bytes (WIM or 6 bytes (AVC) required to store all of the recorded data for a vehicle with all VBV parameters selected for storage the total capacity of the system is approximately 400,000 (WIM) or 600,000 (AVC) vehicles. Parameters stored on a vehicle-by-vehicle basis include:

Date Time Serial Number (unique ID number) Number of Axles Vehicle Classification Index Vehicle Category Lane Number Direction Vehicle Straddling Validity Code Road Surface Temperature Individual Axle Weights (ESA) Gross Vehicle Weight Inter-Vehicle Spacing (Gap) Headway (time between subsequent vehicle detections on same lane) Vehicle Length

The parameters stored with each VBV data record are configurable, by lane, from within the HI-COMM 100 software package. This provides a means of optimising the memory storage inside the HI-TRAC100 for the vehicle data of interest. To help the operator determine memory allocation and number of days of required storage a HI-TRAC100 memory map is graphically displayed from within the HI-COMM 100 software.

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3.2

Statistical Data Files

The HI-TRAC100 stores in battery-backed memory statistical data files for the previous 150 days of HI-TRAC100 operation. These data files include the following information:

Average Speed per Vehicle Category per Lane per Day Traffic Volume per Vehicle Category per Lane per Day Traffic Volume per Hour per Lane per Day Average Gross Weight per Category per Lane per Day Axle Volume per Weight Band per Lane per Day

A vehicle category is a group of vehicle classifications, for example all buses may fall under the title BUSES (or Class 61) whether they are 2 axle, 3 axle, mini-buses or coaches. 3.3 ATMS Data Files

ATMS (Advanced Traffic Management System) data files store vehicle data and fault monitoring information over a configurable time period from 1 minute to 12 hours. The data stored in each ATMS file includes:

Start Date of ATMS interval Start Time of ATMS interval Period of ATMS interval Diagnostic Code for ATMS interval Occupancy per Lane for ATMS Interval Average Speed per Category per Lane for ATMS Interval Traffic Volume per Category per Lane for ATMS interval

The HI-TRAC 100 stores 50 ATMS files for the previous 50 ATMS intervals. The oldest data file is overwritten at the start of a new ATMS interval. A diagnostic code is stored with each ATMS file. This gives an indication of any system errors that may have occurred during the ATMS interval. To view the definition of diagnostic code, from within the HI-COMM 100 software package, click on the ATMS record of interest and press CTRL and F1 simultaneously. A window appears with definitions of the code. The diagnostic code is 4 bytes in size. Each bit within the diagnostic code has a definition:

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HI-TRAC100 Overview

3.4

Malfunction Management Data Files

Malfunction management data files are stored on the HI-TRAC for the previous 8 days (the 8th data file being overwritten at the start of a new day). The malfunction data file contains information on mains power failures, communication errors, sensor failures, loop failures and cabinet doors opening. When HI-COMM 100 connects to a HI-TRAC 100 system it downloads this file. If a new error condition is detected in the malfunction management file a fault log database (Fault.mdb) on the PC located in the application directory is updated with the fault condition. The View Malfunction Management icon illuminates to indicate a new fault has been detected.

Diagnostic Codes

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HI-TRAC100 Overview

4 EXAMPLE REPORTS & SCREEN DISPLAYS

4.1 Examples of HI-COMM 100 Software Screen Displays Typical software screen displays to help illustrate the functionality and comprehensive features of the HI-COMM 100 software package are portrayed on the following pages. 4.2 HI-COMM 100 Opening Screen (Connected to HI-TRAC 100) Communications Parameters HI-TRAC 100 Configuration VBV Data Retrieval VBV Real Time Traffic Display VBV Real Time Display Configuration Diagnostic Functions Sensor Test, Waveforms & Codes Axle Weight & Speed Band Limits Vehicle Classification Configuration & Weight Limits ESA Parameters VBV Memory Allocation & Data Conversion

Examples of Reports

The following pages portray examples of just some of the reports currently available in the HI-COMM 100 software package. Reports Selection, Configuration & Criteria Report Sample:- Volume per Class per Lane Report Sample:- Average Speed per Class per Lane Report Sample:- Volume per Lane per Time Band Report Sample:- AEF & ESA per Weight Band per Lane Report Sample:- Damage Factor Report Sample:- Volume per Speed Band per Lane Report Sample:- Volume per Speed Band per Time Band including Percentile Speed Report Sample:- Overloaded Vehicles per Class per Lane Statistical Report Sample:- Average Speed per Category Malfunction Management Report Sample ATMS Report Sample:- Traffic Volume by Category by Lane

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HI-COMM 100 SET-UP & CONFIGURATION

HI-COMM 100 Software (HI-TRAC Connected)

Communications Parameters

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HI-TRAC100 Overview

HI-TRAC 100 Configuration (VBV Data Storage Configuration)

VBV Data Retrieval

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HI-TRAC100 Overview

VBV Real Time View

VBV Real Time Display Options

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Diagnostic Functions Sensor Waveform & Sensor Test Functions

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Diagnostic Functions (Loop Signature Car)

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Axle Weight Band Limits

Speed Band Limits

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Vehicle Classification Table (Axle Weight Limits Per Class)

Class Gross Weight Limits

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ESA Calculation Parameters

VBV Memory Allocation

VBV Data Conversion

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HI-COMM 100 REPORT SAMPLES

Reports Selection

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Reports Criteria (Selectable Time Periods)

Volume Per Class Per Lane

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HI-TRAC100 Overview

Average Speed Per Class Per Lane

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HI-TRAC100 Overview

Volume Per Lane Group Per Time Band

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HI-TRAC100 Overview

Axle Volume / Total Axle Weight / ESA

Damage Factor

Volume Per Speed Band Per Lane

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HI-TRAC100 Overview

Traffic Volume Per Speed Band Per Time (Including Percentile Speed)

Overloaded Vehicles Per Class Per Lane

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HI-TRAC100 Overview

Statistical Data File

Malfunction Management File

ATMS Data File

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HI-TRAC100 Overview

5 DRAWINGS

5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 5.10 5.11 5.12 5.13 5.14

10-1003 Multiple HI-TRAC Installation 10-1004 Outstation System Configuration 10-1006 HI-TRAC 100 Front & Back Panels 10-1009 WIM Sensor Installation Piezo/Loop/Piezo 10-1009A WIM/AVC Sensor Installation Inlaid Piezo Sensors 10-1009C WIM/AVC Sensor Installation Loop/Piezo/Loop 10-1001 6-Lane WIM Layout 10000-1-A HI-TRAC Pre-Selection with CCTV/LPR Option 10-1002 BL Sensor Installation 10-1008 Loop Sensor Installation 10-1007 Roadside Cabinet General Layout 97041-1 High Speed Pre-Selection General Layout 97041-2 Low Speed Axle Weighing General Layout 99050-1 Pre-Selection & Weigh Station General Layout

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HI-TRAC100 Overview

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HI-TRAC100 Overview

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HI-TRAC100 Overview

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HI-TRAC100 Overview

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HI-TRAC100 Overview

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HI-TRAC100 Overview

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HI-TRAC100 Overview

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HI-TRAC100 Overview

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HI-TRAC100 Overview

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HI-TRAC100 Overview

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DIVERT TO WEIGH STATION

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HI-TRAC100 Overview

ENTER WEIGHBRIDGE STATION

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