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By Now We Know About:: Today's Objective

Microtexture provides spatially resolved microstructural analysis by determining the crystallographic orientation of individual grains. It is generally measured using techniques like electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) in SEM or microdiffraction in TEM. These techniques capture diffraction patterns from each sampled volume, containing crystallographic information and orientation. EBSD is now commonly used for microtexture analysis, having evolved from earlier diffraction techniques with improved resolution, automated indexing, and other advances. Interpretation of EBSD patterns involves indexing crystallographic planes and determining their relative positions to identify orientation.

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Vladimir Morote
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38 views

By Now We Know About:: Today's Objective

Microtexture provides spatially resolved microstructural analysis by determining the crystallographic orientation of individual grains. It is generally measured using techniques like electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) in SEM or microdiffraction in TEM. These techniques capture diffraction patterns from each sampled volume, containing crystallographic information and orientation. EBSD is now commonly used for microtexture analysis, having evolved from earlier diffraction techniques with improved resolution, automated indexing, and other advances. Interpretation of EBSD patterns involves indexing crystallographic planes and determining their relative positions to identify orientation.

Uploaded by

Vladimir Morote
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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By now we know about:

The arrangement of crystallites in a polycrystalline material To represent polycrystal information in stereographic projection The principles of texture measurements by X-ray diffraction by Schulz reflection method How to index a pole figure Shortcomings of Schulzs method and corrections involved therein

Other methods of (bulk) texture measurements


Three dimensional texture analysis Structure of grain boundaries

Todays objective
To know about the determination of microtexture

Microtexture

A collective term for the crystallographic parameters and microstructure parameters such as morphology, sizes and shape distribution, crystal orientation and relationships.

Microtexture
What is microtexture?
Microtexture is a collective term for the crystallographic parameters and microstructure parameters such as morphology, size distribution and crystal orientation.
Microtexture = microstructure + crystallographic orientation

In other words, microtexture provides spatially resolved microstructural analysis.

Spatially resolved microstructural analysis


Spatially resolved microstructural analysis provides a common way to determine microstructural feature and its crystallographic orientation

Microtexture determination is an individual grain techniques, the primary output is a diffraction pattern from each sampled volume
Microtexture is generally determined by SEM or TEM based on the formation of Kikuchi pattern

Measurement of microtextures
Micro-texture measurements are based on individual grain technique Primary output in all the techniques are: diffraction patterns from each sampled volume Diffraction pattern from each sampled volume contains complete crystallographic information along with the orientation of the respective sampled volume The sampled volume is an individual crystallite wherein the orientation can be taken to be uniform

Following techniques can be used for the determination of microtexture

Selected area channeling (SAC) in SEM


Electron back-scatter diffraction (EBSD) in SEM Microdiffraction or convergent beam electron diffraction (CBED) in the TEM Most frequently micro-texture analysis is done with EBSD

History of EBSD Development


1928: Observation of Kikuchi lines in TEM by Kikuchi 1954: Back reflected Kikuchi lines obtained in TEM by Alam. 1969-1979:3 diffraction technique in SEM SACP : 10mm in practical resolution [Joy et al. at Oxford Univ.] Kossel diffraction : 20 mm practical resolution [Dingley et al. at Bristol Univ.] EBSD : Less than 1mm practical resolution [Venables et al. at Sussex Univ.] 1982-1984: Computer assisted indexing of EBSD, subtraction of background value 1990: Fully automated indexing of EBSD patterns by Hough transform [Yale, Clausthal, Ris] 2000: -Chemically assisted phase identification -High Resolution EBSD -In-situ Experiment EBSD -High current EBSD

Steps in the determination of crystallographic orientation 1. Acquire a diffraction pattern

2. Pattern is indexed by identifying crystallographic indices of poles and bands/lines in the pattern
3. Relative position of poles on bands/lines with respect to external frame of reference

Origin of Kikuchi pattern


When an electron enters a crystalline solid, it is diffusely scattered in all directions.

Kikuchi lines form by inelastic scattering of electrons, giving Bragg diffraction at source S on lattice planes hkl
There must be some electrons arriving at Bragg angle at every set of lattice planes, and these electrons can undergo elastic scattering to give a strong, reinforced beam.

Since diffraction of electrons occurs in all directions, the locus of diffracted radiation is the surface of a cone which extends about the normal of the reflecting atomic planes with half apex angle 90-.

The source of electron scattering can be considered to be between lattice planestwo cones of radiation result from each family of planes

Bragg angle ~ 0.5 deg apex angle of the cone 180 deg cones are almost flat

Interpretation of Kikuchi patterns


Interpretation of Kikuchi patterns involves two steps: Determination of crystallographic indices of the Kikuchi bands or corresponding lattice plane Determination of relative position of bands or poles with reference to external frame of reference

Questions
1. What are Kikuchi Patterns? How it helps in identifying the microstructure constituents?

2. Under what conditions Kikuchi patterns form?


3. What are Kikuchi Patterns? How it helps in identifying the orientation?

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