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Multi Vibrator Circuits 555

The document discusses multivibrator circuits using the IC-555 timer chip. It describes how to build astable and monostable multivibrator circuits to generate oscillating signals. Experimental procedures are provided to analyze the circuits and determine characteristics like operating thresholds, signal periods and duty cycles. Applications for timers in electronic devices are also mentioned.

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112 views

Multi Vibrator Circuits 555

The document discusses multivibrator circuits using the IC-555 timer chip. It describes how to build astable and monostable multivibrator circuits to generate oscillating signals. Experimental procedures are provided to analyze the circuits and determine characteristics like operating thresholds, signal periods and duty cycles. Applications for timers in electronic devices are also mentioned.

Uploaded by

nainesh gote
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MULTIVIBRATOR CIRCUITS USING THE IC-555 TIMER

I. OBJECTIVES
a) To determine the applications that can be obtained by combining a fast PF

and a slow NF: astable multivibrator, monostable multivibrator. b) Understand how to use the !"### timer to obtain specific applications: astable multivibrator, monostable multivibrator, triangular wave signal generator.

II. COMPONENTS AND INSTRUMENTATION


$e are using the e%perimental assembly e&uipped with the !"### timer and the ! '(), two potentiometers, capacitors and resistors of different values. For the assembly supply we use a dc voltage source. The visuali*ation is done using a dual channel oscilloscope.

III. PREPARATION
Brief overview of t e IC-555 ti!er +raw the internal bloc, diagram of the !"### timer. Fill in the Table ) that reflects the operation principle of the !"### -.cc is the supply voltage). The !"### can be considered e&uivalent to an inverting comparator with PF -with hysteresis), the input voltage being the voltage applied to the terminals Trigger and Threshold connected together. The thresholds of the comparator are internally fi%ed so we don/t have access to the PF. The .T! is shown in Fig. ).

Trigger terminal voltage 1 )23 .4 1 )23 .4 6 )23 .4 6 )23 .4

Threshold terminal voltage 1 523 .4 6523 .4 1 523 .4 6 523 .4

0utput voltage

Table ). nternal transistor state -off, aF, saturation)

Forbidden

v0 .cc

)23.cc 523.cc

Fig. ). The .T! of the e.'iv#&e*t hysteresis comparator

P.".T e #$t#%&e !'&tivi%r#tor (ir('it


For the circuit in Fig. 5: Find the value of the threshold voltage of the e&uivalent hysteresis comparator for: -)) v07.cc7)#.8 -5) v079.. Plot v!5-t). $hich are the charging and discharging paths of !5: v!5 is considered the feedbac, voltage corresponding to the NF. !omment on the evolution in time of the NF.

P.). Mo*o$t#%&e !'&tivi%r#tor (ir('it tri++ere, %- $e*$or


The monostable multivibrator shown in Fig. 3 is triggered when the resistance of the sensor ; drops to a value that causes the voltage at terminal Trigger to drop under )23 .cc. This can be done by pressing with a finger both contacts of the sensor. Find the value of v0 and the state of the discharging transistor from the !" ### before and right after pressing the sensor ;.

!an you prove that the duration of the pulse generated at the output of the

monostable circuit is: T<7=5!5ln37),)=5!5: f so, let/s see how much time it will ta,e. Find the possible range of values for T<.

P./. S.'#re w#ve #*, tri#*+'&#r w#ve +e*er#tor


n Fig. (, a circuit which generates a s&uare wave at the output of the !"### -v0) and a triangular wave across !5 is presented. Therefore the charging and discharging of !5 must be done with a constant current. The circuit that contains 0.>., !3, =5, + is a constant current generator - 5), ,eeping the voltage across =5 appro%imately constant when v!5 varies. This is done using the bootstrap method. $hen v!57)23.cc, + is in on state and ! 3 is charging with )9. -523.cc). $hen v!5 start to increase, + goes in off state and v !3 remains appro%imately constant, 523.cc. The 5 current is, in this case, provided by !3. Prove that 5 is constant -for the same cursor position of the potentiometer from =5). Prove that: 575.cc23=5. >nother constant current generator, ), is formed from T), =? and =#, ,eeping the voltage across =? constant when !5 is charging. Prove that ) is constant when !5 is charging and it has the value: )7(,'#@.A2=?. a)
Propose and write an e%perimental procedure to evaluate the operating

principle of the two current generators and to find the charging and discharging currents through !5. b)
Find the relation that e%presses the period of the generated signals. For what positions of the potentiometers/ cursors the s&uare wave signal

has: " ma%imum period: " minimum period: " ma%imum duty cycle: " minimum duty cycle:

IV. E0PLORATIONS AND RESULTS ". T e #$t#%&e !'&tivi%r#tor (ir('it


E12&or#tio*$ Build the assembly shown in Fig. 5, connecting: PS+PJ, IN+ with PS, JR3, J1 with J2 and J4 with J5. .isuali*e simultaneously the voltages v0 -0UT) and v!5. <odify the =5 -using the potentiometer) and find the minimum and ma%imum fre&uencies of output signal.

4)#. =5 =3 !5 5#, )9, ))


.
4

'
=C;CT 0UT ? + ;!E )9 !.

(', D # TE=C; T= FF )99n


FN+

v0

G !)

)9n

Fig. 5. The astable multivibrator circuit Re$'&t$ v0-t) and v!5-t). v!5-t) is the input voltage in the e&uivalent hysteresis comparator, and also the feedbac,
$hat are the values of the threshold voltages: The minimum and ma%imum period of generated signal. +id you ,now that this oscillator is called rela%ation oscillator: $hat do
voltage of the NF path.

you thin,, why:

). Mo*o$t#%&e !'&tivi%r#tor (ir('it tri++ere, %- $e*$or


E12&or#tio*$ Build the assembly shown in Fig. 3. +isconnect all Humpers and connect: DESC+ PS, PJ 4S, PS with C2, J1 with J2 and J4 with J5. .isuali*e v0-t) after pressing the sensor with the finger -as e%plained before). <odify =5 from the 5#,I potentiometer and e%amine its effect on the duration of the pulse generated at the output.

=) )< =5

4)#. 5#, )9, ))


.4

'
=C;CT 0UT !.

)9 + ;!E D TE=C; # ; !5 59
T= FF FN+

? G v0 !) )9

Fig. 3. <onostable multivibrator circuit triggered by sensor Re$'&t$ v0-t) for the ma%imum and minimum values of =5. n what range can T< vary: !ompare with the result computed at P5.).

Those of you who are living in a bloc, of flats, where do you thin, the applications of the monostable can be found in everyday life:

/. S.'#re w#ve #*, tri#*+'&#r w#ve +e*er#tor


E12&or#tio*$ Build the assembly shown in Fig. (. +isconnect all Humpers and connect: PS4PJ, IN+ with PS, DESC+R4, J2 with J3 and J5 with J6.

<a,e sure that the circuit generates the e%pected signals, namely v!5

"triangular wave and v0 " s&uare wave. .isuali*e v=5 and find the value of 5. a)
Use the procedure proposed in P3 to derive the operating principle of the

two current generators -the one with T ) and the one with 0.>.) and to measure the charging and discharging currents through !5. b)
.isuali*e simultaneously v0 and v!5. >dHust the potentiometers one by one to derive the effect of each of them

on the output signals. ;et the potentiometers for the s&uare wave signal -v0) to be of: " ma%imum period " minimum period " ma%imum duty cycle " minimum duty cycle For which of the above mentioned situations do we get a linearly variable -saw"tooth signal) voltage on !5:

=( ))
.4 =C;CT + ;!E)9

T) 5,# )#9 v0

=# + )9, =? #,' =5 )9,


) 5

4)#. 5#, !3 ) 4)#. 0.>.

'

DTE=C; #T= FF

0UT ? FN+ !.

( G !) )9n !5 )99n

v!5
Fig. (. ;ignal generator

Re$'&t$ a) The data obtained from the measurements. !onclusions drawn from your measurements. b) v -t) and v -t). v=5-t) and value of 5. The ma%imum and minimum period of the generated signal. The ma%imum and minimum duty cycle of the s&uare wave signal. Eow do you e%plain the possibility to set"up the period and the duty cycle: !an the period and the duty cycle be modified independently: Eow should =5 and =( be modified to obtain a linearly variable -saw"tooth signal) v!5-t):
!5 0

$hy do you thin, that the !"### is called timer:

RE3ERENCES ). 0ltean, F., !ircuite Clectronice, UT Pres, !luH"Napoca, 599', ;BN D'G" D'3"??5"399"( 5. FeJtilK Lelia, ;imion C., <iron !., >mplificatoare audio Ji sisteme mu*icale, Cditura +acia, !luH"Napoca, )DD9 3. http:22www.bel.utcluH.ro2dce2didactic2fec2fec.htm

Fig. #. C%perimental assembly

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