Design of Multi-Storeyed Office Building INTRODUCITON In case of a multistoreyed structure, with the increase in height, the effect of horizontal

loads requires consideration. Therefore such structures are provided with rigid frames having rigid joints. If multistoreyed structures assumed to have simple connections, it is likely to collapse under the action of horizontal loads (in absence of walls due to lack of rigid connections between the component members due to rigidity of connection and hence, analysis of the structure as a whole becomes necessary. Therefore, a four storeyed office building having a regular layout and which can be divided into a number of similar vertical plane frames has been considered in the analysis and design of a rigid jointed plane frame. The degree of accuracy required in analysis for a !.".building is not very high, the substitute frame method has been used. The method is suitable for hand computation as well as for working on a personal computer. The analysis of one intermediate floor frame has been illustrated giving detailed calculations for all the three different types of substitute frames viz. floor frame. #ay frame, #eam$column systems used in the analysis. The results obtained by the three methods have been compared to e%amine the relative merits and demerits of each in regards to simplicity and degree of accuracy. &esign of members of only one frame is analysed . 1.2 SA I!NT "!ATUR!S ' floor plan of a typical public$cum office building is shown in (ig. (ollowing are some of the salient features of the plan . ) The plan is regular in nature in the sense that it has all columns equispaced. * Thus, entire building space frame can be divided into a number of vertical plane frames. + 'ccording to the requirements of the architect, there has to be only one line of internal columns along one side of the corridor. The transverse beams are, therefore, two span continuous beams with unequal spans. , The longitudinal wall on the other side of the corridor is required to be supported by a longitudinal beam continuous over series of transverse beams of the frames. Thus, the two span continuous beams are not only subjected to uniformly distributed load due to floor load but also a point load from the supported longitudinal beam. - 'ccording to another requirement of the architect, all the columns are required to be of equal size *+.mm % /.. mm right from bottom to top. / The various rooms are used for different functions. Therefore, the live loads for all roo ms are not same. 0ffice "hamber $ + k123*, 0ffice $,k12m*, 4tairs $ 5assage and 'ssembly 6all $ -k12m*, 7ibrary $ ).k12m* etc. Therefore, though practically all frames are geometrically similar, they are subjected to different loads. This can be seen from the following.

"r#$e )8$).$) *.$))$* *)$)*$+ **$)+$, *+$),$*,$)-$/ *-$)/$< */$)<$= *<$)=$8

eft %S&ort' S(#n Rig&t % ong' S(#n 9%ternal :all 9%ternal :all 1o :all. Internal :all 0nly ;& load. 1o :all 1o :all. Internal wall with 0ffice Internal wall with office floor load on both (loor load on one side. 4ides Internal wall with library Internal wall with office floor load on one (loor load from one side side and assembly hall load on other. Internal :all 1o :all Internal :all Internal wall with point (beam load 1o :all 9%ternal :all 1o :all but beam (point load 9%ternal :all

This requires analysis to be done separately, practically, for all frames. < 'ccording to requirements of the "ode, various loading arrangements (alternate span loaded, adjacent span loaded etc. are required to be considered when live load (77 e%ceeds ..<- times the dead load (&7 . (or only beams carrying walls, this condition will not arise if wall load is taken as dead load >(I4 code p?+- . = Therefore, the frame along columns *)$)*$+ has been taken for analysis on which there are no walls, so that 77 is greater than ..<-&7. If probability of construction of walls on every frame in future is to be considered, it would be safe to design the frame with wall loads but considering wall load as live load. 6owever, in that case, the design will be very conservative and uneconomical. In this design, this probability has not been considered. 1.) DATA ). Type of 4tructure ? 3ultistorey rigid jointed frame. *. 7ayout ? 's shown in (ig. +. 1umber of 4toreys? (our. (@round A+ . ,. (loor to floor height ? +.+- meters. -. 6eight of 5linth ? ..- meters. 'bove @ 7. /. &epth of foundation ? ).- meters below @ 7. <. 9%ternal walls ? *-.mm thick including plaster. =. Internal :alls ? )-.mm thick including plaster, *.* m high. 8. 7ive 7oad ? 's per Table *.*. ).. 3aterials ? "oncrete 3)-, 4teel ?3ain (e,)-, 4econdary (e*-.. )). &esign 5hilosophy? 7imit 4tate 3ethod conforming to I4?,-/$*.... )*. &esign 'ssumptions ? 'll members of the main frames are rigid jointed, 4imple connections in case of other components.

1.* OADS (a &ead 7oad ? i (inishes. Terrace waterproofing *.-k12m* (loor finish ).. k12m* 4anitary blocks including filling *.-k12m* ii 4lab ? *-& k12m* where & is depth of slab in meters. iii :alls? 9%ternal *-.mm thick ? *. % .*- B - k12m2meter height. Internal )-. mm thick ? *. % .)- B + k12m2meter height. (b 7ive 7oad. !oof ?).- k12m*, 0ffice floors?, k12m* 7ibrary? ). k12m*, 0ffice "hamber?+k12m*, 'ssembly 6all?- k12m*, 4tairs, "orridors?- k12m* 4anitary #locks 5ublic? + k12m*, 5rivate?* k12m*. 1.+ D!SIN, O" M!MB!RS The design of frame consists of the following? (a &esign of 4labs (b 'nalysis of (rame, (c &esign of #eams #**$#)+$#+, (d &esign of "olumns "**, ")+, "+. (e &esign of (ootings for columns "**, ")+, "+. 9ach one is presented in separate section below. 1.- D!SI,N O" S ABS. S No ) * + , Sl#/ M#r0s Type 9nd "ondition 1o. &esign moment "oefficient C B 4pan 7 meters Imposed 7oad ? (( k12m* 77 k12m* Total wi k12m* &epth ? (or serviceability, & mm 5t B ,D, B).*=, rb B*/, ra B++.*= 7oads? 4elf weight B *-&2)... k12m* &ead 7oad qd B 4elf A (( k12m* 7ive 7oad q) B 77 Total 7oad q B qd A q) Roof S1 Sl#/s S2 0ne$way "ontinuous * + )2). )2)* +..+..*.-. *.-. ).-. ).-. ,... ,... )). )). "loor S) Sl#/s S* 0ne$way "ontinuous * + )2). )2)* +..+..)... )... ,... ,... -... -... )). )). Reference

Code(.)Code(.)*

*.<-.*).-. /.<-

*.<-.*).-. /.<-

*.<+.<,... <.<-

*.<+.<,... <.<-

< =

;ltimate 7oad qu B ).- q k12m* &esign 3oment? 3u.ma% BCqu7* k1.m 3ain steel? $(e,)&iameter and spacing mm

)..)*8.,* +*).=8 E=$)-.

)..)*<.=*/*.8/ E=$)8.

))./*)..=) +</.+8 E=$)+.

))./*8..) +./.*E=$)/.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4lab 3arks !oof 4labs (loor 4labs !eference $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 8. &istribution steel F(e*-. &iameter and 4pacing mm G/$)/. G/$)/. G/$)/. G/$)/. ). 9nd shears? 7ong 9dge qu 72* k12m )-.,, )-.,, )<.<+ -.8) 4hort 9dge qu72/ k12m -.)-.)-.8) -.8) )) 9nd shear due to factored live 7oad on long edge B ).-q) 72* k12m +.,+ +.,+ 8.)8.)$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$

1.1 ANA 2SIS O" "RAM!. See "ig <.<.) 3ember &ata? (a #eams? ,$-$/ () 4ize? b%& mm *+.%/.. *+.%/.. (* 7ength 7 mm /... =,.. , (+ 3oment of Inertia mm i !ectangular section IB#d+2)* ,),.H)./ ,),.H)./ ii 3ultiplying factor * * for flanged section iii I of flanged section mm, =*=.%)./=*=.%)./ iv 4tiffness kb B I27 mm+ ).+=%)./ .8=/%)./ (b

9%planatory 1ote 1o. ()

(*

"olumns? ) 4ize. b%& mm *+.%/.. *+.%/.. * 7ength mm ++-. ++-. (+ + , / / + 3oment of Inertia IBb& 2)* mm ,),.%). ,),.%). + / , 4tiffness IcBI27 mm ).*+/%). ).*+%)./

1.1.2 o#d D#t#. %A' Roof e3el. 4lab ?)). mm thick ? &ead 7oad ?

qd B 4elf :t. A (( B *-%.))A*.- B -.*- k12m* 7ive 7oad ? q) B ).-. k12m* Total :orking 7oad ? q B -.*- A ).-. B /.<- k12m* Total ;ltimate 7oad ? qu B ).-%/.<B )..)*- k12m* 5arapet :all ? *-.mm thick % lm high ? :w B *.%.*-%) B -... k12m () 7ongitudinal #eams? (a 9%ternal ? 'ssuming 4ection *+. mm % +.. mm &7 ? 4elf ? *- % .*+ % (.+$.)) B ).). k12m 5arapet :all ? B -... k12m 4lab? qd7%2/ B -.*- % +..-2/ B*./< k12m> Total ? wd B=.<< k12m 77 ?4lab ? q)7%2/B).-.%+..-2/ B ..</ k12m> Total :orking 7oad w B (&7A77 B 8.-+ k12m 3a%imum ;ltimate 7oad for beam design? :ub B ).- % 8.-+ B ),.+. k12m

This is the triangular load transferred to longitudinal beam as e%plained. It is taken for beam design only and not for column design since it is already fully taken along the span on to the transverse beams which transfers the same to the column. It is, therefore, e%cluded while computing the load on column.

3a%imum load for column design e%cluding triangular slab load B ).- (4elf A wall B ).- ().) A -.. B 8.)- k12m #eam end shear as column load B 8.)- % +..-2* B )+.8/ k1 (from each side (b Internal ? 'ssuming 4ection *+.mm % +..mm &7 ? 4elf (same as e%ternal B ).). k12m 4lab *%qd % 7%2/ B *%*./< B -.+, k12m Total dead load :d B /.,, k12m 77 ? 4lab *%q) % 7%2/ B *%..</ B ).-* k12m Total working load, w B &7A77 B <.8/ k12m 3a%imum ultimate load for beam design :u B ).- (&7A77 B).- % <.8/ B )).8, k12m 3a%imum ultimate load for column design e%cluding triangular slab load B ).- % self B ).- % ).) B )./- k12m 0nly. #eam 9nd 4hear as column load B )./- % +..-2* B *.-* k1(from each side (* Transverse #eam ? 4ection *+. mm % /.. mm &7 ? 4elf ? *-%.*+(../$.)) B *.=* k12m 4lab ? -.*-%+..B )/..) k12m Total dead load :d B )=.=+ k12m 77 ? 4lab ? ).-. % +..- :) B ,.-= k12m Total working loadw B :dA:) B *+.,) k12m 3a%imum load :ma% B ).- (&&A77 B ).-%*+.,) B+-.)) k12m say +- k12m 3inimum load :min B..8&7 B..8%)=.=+ B +-.)) k12m say )< k12m !atio 772Total 7oad B ,.-=2*+.,) B ..)8/

? 4elf weight A floor finish qd B*-%.))A) B +.<- k12m* 7ive 7oad ? q) B B ,... k12m* Total working load q B qd A q) B <.<- k12m* Total ultimate load qu B ).-%q B ))./* k12m* :all ? Internal ? )-. mm thick (Including 5laster , *.*m high :w) B *.%.)-%*.*B/./. k12m 9%ternal ? *-. mm thick (including plaster 'ssuming e%ternal longitudinal beam ,-. mm deep :all height B +.+- F ..,- B *.8. m :w* B *.%.*-%*.8 B ),.-. k12m

%B' "loor e3el. 4lab ? &ead 7oad

4ince the internal walls are not at all likely to be demolished as they form the sides of a passage, the load of the internal walls just as the load of e%ternal walls, is taken as dead load and not live load. () 7ongitudinal #eams? (a Internal ? 4ection *+.mm % +..mm &ead 7oad ? 4elf weight B *-%.*+ % (.+$.)) B ).). k12m :all ? :w) B /./. k12m 4lab> ? * H(qd7%2/ B*H).8) B +.=* k12m Total B )).-* k12m 7ive 7oad ? ? *H(q)7%2/B*H*..+ B ,../ k12m Total working 7oad w B )-.-= say )-./. k12m Total ;ltimate load :u B ).-%)-.-= B *+.+< k12m (b 9%ternal ? 4ection *+.mm % ,-. mm &ead 7oad ? 4elf wt B *-H.*+H(.,-$.)) B ).8/ k12m :all B :w* B ),.-. k12m 4lab> B qd7%2/B+.<-%+..-2/ B ).8) k12m B )=.+< k12m 7ive 7oad ? B q)7%2/B,...%+..-2/ B *..+ k12m Total working load : B *..,. k12m Total ultimate load :u B ).-%*.., B +../ k12m (* 3ain Transverse #eam ? 4ize F *+. mm H /.. mm (a ;niformly &istributed 7oad? &ead load ? 4elf weight ? *-H.*+H(./$.)) B *.=* k12m 4lab ? +.<-%+..B )).,, k12m Total dead load B ),.*/ k12m 7ive 7oad ? (loor ? ,%+..B )*.*. k12m Total working 7oad w B &7A77B ),.*/A)*.*. B */.,/ k12m 3a%imum 7oad?:ma% B :) B ).- (&7A77 B ).- (),.*/ A )*.* B +8./8 k12m say *4 0N5$ 3inimum 7oad ?:minB ..8 &7B..8%),.*/ B )*.=+ k12m say 1) 0N5$ !atio 772Total load B )*.*.2*/.,/ B ..,/ (b 5oint 7oad ? 1il (a 3ain Transverse #eam ? ;niformly &istributed 7oad ? :ma% B :) B*4 0N5$ :min B :* B1) 0N5$ (b 5oint 7oad ? 4hear from Internal 7ongitudinal #eams &ead 7oad B )).-*H+..- B +-.), k1 7ive 7oad B ,../H+..B )*.+= k1 3a%imum 7oad5ma% B 5) B ).- (&7A77 B).- (+-.), A )*.+= B <).+. k1 say <* k1

3inimum 7oad

5min

B 5*B ..8&7B ..8%+-.),B +)./+ k1 say +* k1.

JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ "oot Note-1. Though the slabs 4)$4* are spanning one way across transverse main beams (frames , part of slab load over a Triangular area with central ordinate ()2* (q7 %2* is transferred to longitudinal beam as e%plained The eqvivalent uniformly distributed load is q7%2/B.8%+-.),B+)./ k1 say +*k1.

(" 6lint& e3el .

() 7ongitudinal #eams ? 9%ternal? 4ection *+.mm % ,-.mm. 4elf ? *-%. *+%.,:all? *-.mm thick, Total working load, Total ;ltimate 7oad Internal? 4elf ? *-% .*+%(.+ :w B *.%.)-%*.< Total working load Total ;ltimate load B *./. k12m +.=-m high B )<.. k12m B )8./. k12m w

:wB*.%.*-% (+.=-$..,-

:u B ).-w B ).- % )8./ B *8.,. k1 B ).<+ k12m B *.<m high B =.). k12m : B 8.=+ k12m :u B ),.<- k12m

4ection *+.mm % +..mm.

:all? )-.mm thick, (*.* A .-

(* Transverse #eams? 1o transverse beams are provided at plinth level.

Ty(es for fr#$es for #n#lysis 1.1.* 1.1.+ 1.1.Design Mo$ents #nd S&e#rs /y An#lysis of Su/stitute "r#$e 7I %"loor "r#$e' Design Mo$ents #nd S&e#rs /y Su/stitute "r#$e 7 II %B#y "r#$e' Design Mo$ent #nd S&e#r /y Su/stitute "r#$e Met&od 7 III %Be#$ #nd Colu$n Syste$'

1.1.) "i8ed !nd Mo$ents . (a 4pan ,$- ? 7 B / meters 3a%imum ? 3 (,- B w)7* 2 )* B ,.%/*2)* B )*. k1.m B 3(-, 3inimum ? 3 (,- B w*7* 2)* B )+%/* 2)* B +8 k1.m B 3(-, 4pan -$/ ? 7 B =., metres., 5oint 7oad at *.* metres from support -. 3a%imum ? 3 (-/ B ,.H=.,* 2)* A <*H*.*H/.** 2=.,*B +*).,8 k1.m 3 (/- B ,.H=.,* 2)* A <*H*.**H/.*2=.,* B */-.=*k1.m 3inimum ? 3(-/ B )+H=.,* 2)* A +*H*.*H/.**2=.,* B )),.<8 k1.m * * * 3 (/- B )+H=., 2)* A +*H*.* H/.*2=., B .8...- k1.m

(b

1.1.*

Design Mo$ents #nd S&e#rs /y An#lysis of Su/stitute "r#$e 7I %"loor "r#$e' The substitute floor frame has been analysed by hand computation using 3oment &istribution method. The process of distribution has been done only for + cycles working up to two places beyond decimal. This much accuracy is considered adequate for analysis of a !.". building frame. &istribution (actors? Koint "olumns #eams ;pper 7ower 7eft !ight , I%).$/ ).*+/ ).*+/ $$$$ ).+= L I%).$/ di B Ii2LI ..+* for * columns - I%).$/ ).*+/ +.=-* ..+* ../, $$$$$$ ..+/

).*+/

).+=

..8=/

LI%).$/ ,.=+= diBIi 2LI ..*..*..+. for * columns ..-. / I%).$/ ).*+/ L k%).$/ di B Ii2LI ..+/ for * columns ).*+/

..*.

..8=/ $$$$$

..+/

..*= ..<*

$$$$$$

4ince live load (,k12m* M..<- times &ead load (.<- % +.<- k12m* , all loading arrangements will have to be considered to obtain the design moments and shears.

(a 7oading "ase F I ? 3a%imum 3idspan moment in span ,$-, and 3a%imum 4upport moment at , (or this, there shall be ma%imum load on span ,$-, and minimum load on span -$/ as shown in (ig. 3oment &istribution? Koint "ols &istri. (actors Intial (.9.3. &istri. moments "arry over mom &istri.moments "arry over mom &istri moments (inal moments 3oment "olumn in each ..=/ 19.1+8..= ..-. </.=. 4.-* , ,$4.)$)*.... ,+.*. $..<= ..*= $).+..,8 -19.1-$, 4.)4 )*.... $).-/ *)./. $*.<. ..), $.../ 1)1.*2 $..). -1.24 $+./. $,.-. $*./. "ols 4.+4 -$/ 4.24 $)),.<8 $)..$)*./. $).=. ...< $...-1)4.22 /$4.2+ 8...$*-.*) $..-* ..)$..8. ..*-).92 ../--).92 $+).8) ..+< $/,.=, / "ols 4.12

4hears

N ,- B ,.%/2* F ()+<.,* F <=.)/ 2/.. B ))..)* k1 N -, B ,.%/ F ))..)* B )*8.== k1 N-/ B )+%=.,2*A+*%/.*2=., A ()+..**$/+.=* 2=., B =/.)* k1 N/-B )+%=., A +* F =/.)* B --..= k1 3a%imum 4pan 3oments? 4pan ,$- ? H ma% B ))..)*2,. B *.<-+m from end ,. 3 ma% B ))..)*%*.<-+2*$<=.)/ B <+.,* k1.m 4pan -$/ ? H ma% B --..=2)+ B ,.*+< m from end/. 3 ma% B --..=%,.*+<2*$/+.=*

B -*.=/ k1.m

(b 7oading "ase FII 3a%imum 3idspan 3oment in 4pan -$/ and 3a%imum support 3oment at / (or this, there shall be ma%imum load on span -$/, and minimum load on span ,$- as shown in (ig 3oment &istribution? Koint "ols &istrict. (actors Initial (.9.3 &.3 ".0.3 &.3 ".0.3 &.3 (inal 3oments 3oment in each "olumn $*.=8 $-..$*.-* $*<.)* *,.8/ ../, , ,$..+/ $+8... ),.., ,*.+< $)-.*,.-* $)./+ -..-$, ..+. +8... =,.<, <..* 8..$<./* +.,< )+-.// -.<8 )/*.), =)..< ),).*$+<.*) )-.). /.., $+.8*.+) $*8<.=. "ols ..-. -$/ ..*. $+*).,8 -/.-. /$..*= */-.=* $<,.,+ *=.*$<.8) +..* ..=*)+.8. $*.)< $*)+.8. $)./.8$*..+, $)8).+8 / "ols ..<*

4hears

? N,- B )+%/2*$()+-.// A -..- 2/ B )-.-- k1 N -, B )+%/ F )-.-B /*.,- k1 N -/ B ,.%=.,2* A<*%/.*2=.,A(*8<.=.$*)+.8. 2=., B *+).)+ k1 N /- B ,.%=., A<* $*+).)+ B )</.=< k1 3a% 4pan moments ? 4pan ,$- ? H ma% B )-.--2)+ B ).)8/ m from end , 3 ma%)B )-.--%).)8/2*A-..B ),.+- k1.m 4pan -$/ ? H ma% B)</.=<2,. B ,.,** m from end / 3 ma%* B )</.=<%,.,**2*$*)+.8. B )<<.)/ k1.m

( " 7oading F III 3a%imum 4upport 3oment at (or this, both spans shall carry ma%imum load. 4ee (ig 3oment &istribution? Koint &istribution factors Initial (.9.3 &istributed moments "arry over moments &istributed moments "arry over moments &istributed moments (inal moments 3oments in each column 4hears $).-. --.8/ *<.8= $)8.+, </.=. "ols , ,$$)*.... ,+.*. +..** $)..== *.+, $..=, $--.8/ -$, )*.... /..,*)./. ,./= $-.,, *.,= *.+.<< ,.)+ ))*./= -/.+, B 8-.+/ k1 B ),,./, k1 B *+,.)< k1 B )<+.=+ k1 B*.+=, m from end , B -<.<) k1.m B ,.+,/ m from end / B )<..<) k1.m <.=) )...<, "ols -$/ $+*).,8 ,..+. $+<.*) +.)* $*.=* )./$+)/.,/$*/-.=* $<,.,+ *..)$-./, ).-/ $..,, *.<..* $).)* $*.<..* ).+.-) $),.-) $)8).+8 / "ols

? N ,- B ,.%/2*$(*.+.<<$--.8/ 2/ N -, B ,.%/ F 8-.+/ N -/ B ,.%=.,2* A <*%/.*2=.,A(+)/.,-$*.<..* 2=., N/- B ,.%=., A <* F *+,.)< 3a%imum 4pan? 4pan ,$- ? H ma% B 8-.+/2,. 3oments 3 ma%)B 8-.+/%*.+=,2*$--.8/ 4pan -$/ ? H ma% B )<+.=+2,. 3 ma%*B )<+.=+%,.+,/2*$*.<..*

Results. B!AM AND CO UMN B!NDIN, MOM!NTS IN 0N$ Kt?, "ase 1o I II III 3a% "ols +8..= *.-* *<.8= +8..= Kt?, #eam <=.)/ -..--.8/ <=.)/ Kt?, 3a%.span 3oment <+.,* ),.+-<.<) <+.,* 4hears "ase 1o I II III 3a%imum 4hear 3a%imum "olumn 7oad Kt?Kt?"ols +./. =)..< -/.+, =)..< k1 )*8.== /*.,),,./, ),,./, +<=.=) =/.)* *+).)+ *+,.)< *+,.)< / --..= )</.=< )<+.=+ )</.=< )</.=< Kt?Kt?3a%.span 3oment -*.=/ )<<.)/ )<..<) )<<.)/ Kt?/ Kt?/ "ols +).8) )./.8).+.-) )./.8-

#eam )+<.,* )+-.// *.+.<< *.+.<< in

#eam )+..** *8<.=. +)/.,+)/.,-

#eam /+.=* *)+.8. *.<..* *)+.8.

Kt ., ))..)* )-.-8-.+/ ))..)* ))..)*

1.