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Seminar ON Biomolecular Computing

The document discusses the basics of biomolecular computing including DNA computing. It outlines how DNA can be used to solve complex problems in massively parallel ways. It also discusses current research areas like DNA logic gates and authentication chips.

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Naveena Sivamani
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248 views

Seminar ON Biomolecular Computing

The document discusses the basics of biomolecular computing including DNA computing. It outlines how DNA can be used to solve complex problems in massively parallel ways. It also discusses current research areas like DNA logic gates and authentication chips.

Uploaded by

Naveena Sivamani
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SEMINAR ON BIOMOLECULAR COMPUTING

Presentation Outline
p q Basic concepts of Bio-molecules q Ori in of Biomolecular Computin q Solution for NP-Complete Pro!lems q A"#anta es of $NA Computin q Pro!lems %it& A"leman's E(periment q $NA Computers q Current researc& q Conclusion

p p

)&at is $NA*
$NA stan"s for $eo(+ri!onucleic Aci" $NA represents t&e enetic !lueprint of li#in creatures $NA contains ,instructions- for assem!lin cells E#er+ cell in &uman !o"+ &as a complete set of $NA $NA is uni.ue for eac& in"i#i"ual

Double Helix shape of DNA

T&e t%o stran"s of a $NA molecule are anti parallel %&ere eac& stran" runs in an opposite "irection/ Complementar+ !ase pairs A"enine 0 T&+mine Guanine 0 C+tosine T%o stran"s are &el" to et&er !+ %ea1 &+"ro en !on"s !et%een t&e complementar+ !ase pairs

Instructions in $NA
Se.uence to in"icate t&e start of an instruction

444
Instruction t&at tri ers 2ormone in3ection Instruction for &air cells

Instructions are coded in a sequence of the DNA bases A segment of DNA is exposed, transcribed and translated to carry out instructions

$NA $uplication

Basics an" Ori in of $NA Computin


l $NA computin is utili5in t&e propert+ of $NA for massi#el+ parallel computation/ l l )it& an appropriate setup an" enou & $NA6 one can potentiall+ sol#e &u e pro!lems !+ parallel searc&/ l l Utili5in $NA for t&is t+pe of computation can !e muc& faster t&an utili5in a con#entional computer

l Leonar" A"leman propose" t&at t&e ma1eup of $NA an" its multitu"e of possi!le com!inin nucleoti"es coul" &a#e application in computational researc& tec&ni.ues

$ense Information Stora e


T&is ima e s&o%s 7 ram of $NA on a C$/ T&e C$ can &ol" 899 MB of "ata/ T&e 7 ram of $NA can &ol" a!out 7(797: MB of "ata/

)it& !ases space" at 9/;< nm alon $NA6 "ata "ensit+ is o#er a million G!its=inc& compare" to > G!its=inc& in t+pical &i & performance 2$$/

2o% $ense is t&e Information Stora e*


C&ec1 t&is out444//

7 ram ? :(79 @7

2o% enormous is t&e parallelism*


A test tu!e of $NA can contain trillions of stran"s/ Eac& operation on a test tu!e of $NA is carrie" out on all stran"s in t&e tu!e in parallel A

C&ec1 t&is out44/ )e T+picall+ use


; (797:

Steps for A"leman's E(periment


Stran"s of $NA represent t&e se#en cities/ In enes6 enetic co"in is represente" !+ t&e letters A6 T6 C an" G/ Some se.uence of t&ese four letters represente" eac& cit+ an" possi!le fli &t pat&/ T&ese molecules are t&en mi(e" in a test tu!e6 %it& some of t&ese $NA stran"s stic1in to et&er/ A c&ain of t&ese stran"s represents a possi!le ans%er/ )it&in a fe% secon"s6 all of t&e possi!le com!inations of $NA stran"s6 %&ic& represent ans%ers6 are create" in t&e test tu!e/

A"leman's E(periment
Hamilton Path Problem
(also kno n as the tra!elling salesperson problem"
$EL 2I DOLL AM BOM BAC

TBM

C2E NNAI BGL RE Is t&ere an+ 2amiltonian pat& from DOLLAM to $EL2I*

Su!se.uentl+ logic gates can be employed usin $NA/ Lo ic ates ma"e up of $NA6 instea" of usin electrical si nals to perform lo ical functions6 rel+ on $NA co"e/ T&e+ "etect fra ments of genetic material as input6 splice to et&er t&ese fra ments an" form a sin le output/ T&e researc&ers !elie#e t&at t&ese lo ic ates mi &t !e com!ine" %it& $NA microc&ips to create a !rea1t&rou & in $NA computin /

Operations
lMeltin
!rea1in t&e %ea1 &+"ro en !on"s in a "ou!le &eli( to form t%o $NA stran"s %&ic& are complement to eac& ot&er

lAnnealin
reconnectin t&e &+"ro en !on"s !et%een complementar+ $NA stran"s

Operations ECont'"F
Mer in
mi(in t%o test tu!es %it& man+ $NA molecules

Amplification
$NA replication to ma1e man+ copies of t&e ori inal $NA molecules

Selection
elimination of errors Ee/ / mutationsF an" selection of correct $NA molecules

A"#anta es of a $NA Computer


lParallel Computing l lIncredibly light weight l lLow power

l#illions of operations simultaneously

l$enerate potential solutions

lSol es Complex Problems !uic"ly

l%fficiently handle massi e amounts of wor"ing memory

Current Researc&

E$NA
l E$NA is o!3ect oriente" an" e(tensi!le6 so t&at it can easil+ e#ol#e as t&e fiel" pro resses/ l l E$NA is t&erefore a researc& tool t&at ma1es it possi!le to use t&e a"#anta es of con#entional computin to ma1e $NA computin relia!le/ l l E$NA inclu"es rap&ical interfaces an" clic1-an"-"ra facilities to ena!le eas+ use/

$NA Aut&entication
lTai%an intro"uce" t&e %orl"Gs first $NA aut&entication c&ip/

lUse of $NA c&ips on national i"entification car"s in or"er to crac1 "o%n on frau"s usin fa1e I$ car"s/ lT&e s+nt&esi5e" $NA insi"e t&e c&ip enerates $NA si nals %&ic& onl+ t&e compan+Gs rea"ers can "etect an" aut&enticate in t%o secon"s/ l
l

$NA C&ip

)&at "e#elopments can %e e(pect*


Increase" use of molecules ot&er t&an $NA Some impact on molecular !iolo + !+ $NA computation Increase" error a#oi"ance an" "etection Cross-fertili5ation amon $NA computin 6 molecular !iolo +6 an" computation !iolo + Nic&e uses of $NA computers for pro!lems t&at are "ifficult for electronic computers

T2AND COUAAA
It %ill ta1e +ears to "e#elop a practical6 %or1a!le $NA computer/ But4Let's all &ope t&at t&is $REAM comes trueAAA

$one B+4 &ttpH==en ineerin -seminar-topics/!lo spot/com=


T2ANDS To4
lMr/ Peter Pra"eep E2O$F l l lMrs/ Sari1a G ESem/Gui"eF l l l Dasturi E/SESem/ Co/or"/F l l

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