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Morpho Math

This document provides an overview of mathematical morphology, which are shape-based image analysis operations. It describes basic morphological operators for binary, grayscale and color images using structuring elements. More complex operations are also covered, including reconstruction operators, top hats, edge sharpening, distance transforms, thinning, and segmentation using watersheds. Mathematical morphology provides powerful tools for image analysis tasks based on solid mathematical foundations.

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85 views

Morpho Math

This document provides an overview of mathematical morphology, which are shape-based image analysis operations. It describes basic morphological operators for binary, grayscale and color images using structuring elements. More complex operations are also covered, including reconstruction operators, top hats, edge sharpening, distance transforms, thinning, and segmentation using watersheds. Mathematical morphology provides powerful tools for image analysis tasks based on solid mathematical foundations.

Uploaded by

hub23
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Mathematical Morphology

a non exhaustive overview

Adrien Bousseau

Mathematical Morphology
Shape oriented operations, that simplify image data, preserving their essential shape characteristics and eliminating irrelevancies [Haralick87]

Mathematical Morphology

Overview
Basic morphological operators More complex operations Conclusion and References

Mathematical Morphology

Overview
Basic morphological operators
Binary Grayscale Color Structuring element

More complex operations Conclusion and References

Mathematical Morphology

Basic operators: binary


Dilation , erosion by a structuring element

Mathematical Morphology

Basic operators: binary


Opening : remove capes, isthmus and islands smaller than the structuring element

Mathematical Morphology

Basic operators: binary


Closing : fill gulfs, channels and lakes smaller than the structuring element

Mathematical Morphology

Basic operators: binary


Sequencial filter: open-close or close-open

Mathematical Morphology

Overview
Basic morphological operators
Binary Grayscale Color Structuring element

More complex operations Conclusion and References

Mathematical Morphology

Basic operator: grayscale


Dilation : max over the structuring element

Mathematical Morphology

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Basic operator: grayscale


Erosion : min over the structuring element

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Basic operator: grayscale


Opening : remove light features smaller than the structuring element

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Basic operator: grayscale


Closing : remove dark features smaller than the structuring element

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Basic operator: grayscale


Sequential filter (open-close or close-open): remove both light and dark features

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Overview
Basic morphological operators
Binary Grayscale Color Structuring element

More complex operations Conclusion and References

Mathematical Morphology

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Color images
Process each channel separately: color ghosting with basic operators

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Color images
Process each channel separately: color ghosting unnoticeable with sequential operators

opening

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Color images
Several ordering strategy

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Overview
Basic morphological operators
Binary Grayscale Color Structuring element

More complex operations Conclusion and References

Mathematical Morphology

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Structuring element
Usually, flat element (binary) Grayscale element: fuzzy morphology

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Structuring element
Shape has an impact!

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Structuring element
Choose the structuring element according to the image structure

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Structuring element
Choose the structuring element according to the image structure

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Overview
Basic morphological operators More complex operations
Reconstruction operators Top hat, sharpening, distance, thinning, segmentation...

Conclusion and References

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Reconstruction operators
Remove features smaller than the structuring element, without altering the shape Reconstruct connected components from the preserved features

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Reconstruction operators: binary


Opening by reconstruction:
Erosion: f'(0) = f Iterative reconstruction: f'(t+1) = min(f'(t),I) until stability

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Reconstruction operators: binary


Closing by reconstruction:
Dilation: f'(0) = f Iterative reconstruction: f'(t+1) = max(f'(t),I) until stability

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Reconstruction operators: grayscale


Opening by reconstruction: remove unconnected light features

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Reconstruction operators: grayscale


Closing by reconstruction: remove unconnected dark features

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Reconstruction operators: grayscale


Sequential filter by reconstruction: open-close

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Overview
Basic morphological operators More complex operations
Reconstruction operators Top hat, sharpening, distance, thinning, segmentation...

Conclusion and References

Mathematical Morphology

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Top Hat
White top-hat: f-opening(f) Extract light features

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Top Hat
Black top-hat: closing(f)-f Extract dark features

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Edge sharpening
Toggle mapping
f f f (f+f)/2

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Edge sharpening
Toggle mapping

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Distance function
Distance from binary elements

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Thinning
Binary (or grayscale ?) skeleton

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Segmentation
Watershed:
Image = heightfield Flood the image from its minima Lake junctions give the segmentation

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Segmentation
Watershed: hierarchical results

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Overview
Basic morphological operators More complex operations Conclusion and References

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Conclusion
Powerful toolbox for many image analysis tasks Not famous because not useful? Not used because not famous? Based on a whole mathematical theory But can be very practical (maybe too much?) French!

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References
Pierre Soille, 2003: Morphological Image Analysis, Principles and Applications. (Practical approach) Jean Serra and Luc Vincent, 1992: An Overview of Morphological Filtering. (Mathematical approach)

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