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Introduction To Contactless Technologies

The document provides an introduction to contactless technologies, including common contactless applications and protocols. It describes the ISO 14443 Type A and Type B protocols, including initialization flows and data communication. Examples of contactless readers, software, and debugging tools from Gemalto are also outlined. Potential problems with contactless devices like short timings, weak field power, and data corruption from tearings are briefly mentioned.

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710 views

Introduction To Contactless Technologies

The document provides an introduction to contactless technologies, including common contactless applications and protocols. It describes the ISO 14443 Type A and Type B protocols, including initialization flows and data communication. Examples of contactless readers, software, and debugging tools from Gemalto are also outlined. Potential problems with contactless devices like short timings, weak field power, and data corruption from tearings are briefly mentioned.

Uploaded by

lucianozx
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 14

Introduction to Contactless

Technologies

Xavier Appé
12th November 2007
Plan

Introduction to Contactless applications

The different Contactless protocols

Protocol ISO 14443 Type A Description

Protocol ISO 14443 Type B Description

Contactless Tools at Gemalto

Proximera, 12/11/07 2
Contactless Applications
Some examples

 Payment  Three main features:


 Paypass  No contact with the validator
 VSDC  Fast transactions, generally below
500ms
 Operates in short ranges
 Transportation
 Calypso

 Access
 Gemalto Corporate Badges

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Contactless protocol standards
Most common protocol standards

 ISO 14443 Type A


 With Phillips proprietary encryption&authentication => Mifare

 ISO 14443 Type B


ISO 14443
 Same Block Transmission Protocol as Type A (ISO 14443-4)
Division:
 Physical layer and initialization procedure (anticollision and selection)
are different from Type A
ISO 14443-2
Physical Layer
 ISO 14443 Type B’ or Innovatron
 Same physical layer as Type B ISO 14443-3
Initialization and
 Above layers are proprietary
Anticollision

 Felica from Sony (Proprietary) also called type C ISO 14443-4


Block
Transmission
 ISO 15693 Protocol
Use for RFID Tags

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Contactless protocol standards
Common Behavior

 Contactless Reader/validator
 When switched-on, the contactless reader generates a Radio
Frequency (RF) field.
 It starts polling for a contactless device by sending requests
(REQA,REQB,…) periodically. ISO 14443
 If a correct answer is received, it executes an anticollision loop in order Division:
to detect all devices in the field. Then it selects one of them and starts
data communication. ISO 14443-2
Physical Layer
 Contactless cards
 The power is provided by the RF field ISO 14443-3
 An RF antenna is connected to the card to retrieve this power. Initialization and
Anticollision

 Contactless mobile phones ISO 14443-4


 Specifications of the NFC Forum to address use cases related to a Block
contactless mobile phone environment Transmission
 Antenna in on the mobile connected to a NFC chip, this NFC chip Protocol
forwards contactless data to the SIM card.

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ISO 14443 Type A protocol description
Initialization Flowchart

Application parameters (This data may change depending on the application


in the card, example Paypass, VSDC, …)

• UID in ATQA

• Historical Bytes in ATS

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ISO 14443 Type B protocol description
Initialization Flowchart

Application parameters

• PUPI in ATQB

•Application Data in ATQB

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ISO 14443 Type A/B protocol description
Contactless Data Communication

 Once the initialization and anticollision phases are over, the


data communication begins
 RF Reader sends the first command (generally an APDU)
 The APDU protocol is similar to the one of T=1 protocol
– Data is always included in response
– No GetResponse()
 The protocol is Half Duplex, the RF does not reader send the next
APDU before the card answers the previous one

 When the transaction is over, the RF reader sends an Halt


or Deselect Command.
 All communication stops
 The card then waits for a Wake-UP signal or a field exit.

 Risk of “tearing” or “field exit” before the end of the


transaction is high. It is the role of the application to prevent
corruption in those cases.

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ISO 14443 Type A/B protocol description
Contactless Data Communication Example

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Gemalto Contactless Tools
RF Readers

 GemProx PU

 Micropross MP 300 CL2

 Micropross Class 185

 Inside Reader

 Vivotech 3000/5000 for Paypass/Visa

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Gemalto Contactless Tool
Reader Software (To manage reader, send APDU, run scripts…)

 GemProx Manager

 WinSPI

 MP300 Scope

 Inside MXStudio

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Gemalto Contactless Tool
Debug Tools

 Micropross ClassScope – RF Spy

 Oscilloscope

 SWP Spy with Xsmart Board

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Common problems with contactless devices

 Timings too short

 Field power not strong enough

 Tearings leading to data corruption

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The End

Thank you

Questions?

Proximera, 12/11/07 14

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