CHICAGO STYLE GUIDE (15th edition) Explanation of the Chicago reference system: 1.

The easiest way to create notes: Use Microsoft Words Insert Reference function to add a superscripted number in the text where you need to acknowledge the work of another author. Word automatically numbers your notes sequentially (re-numbering them if you add or delete any). Do not manually type or change numbers. These are the basic models for placement of note numbers in the text: The reference usually appears at the end of your sentence.1 You can put it in mid-sentence,2 but only if it would be misleading at the end. The reference follows punctuation. Examples are words in quotations,3 (words in parentheses),4 commas,5 semi-colons;6 and periods.7 However, put the note number before a dash8not after it. 2. Word automatically places a corresponding footnote at the bottom of the page or endnote following the text and any appendixes. The first time you cite a source you must give a complete citation. Subsequent notes for the same source are shorter, as shown in the tables below. Use this basic order for notes: author, title, publication details, date, page number(s). 3. The bibliography appears at the end of your paper and includes all the works cited in the notes (with exceptions noted in the tables below). Use this basic order for a bibliographic entry: author, title, publication details, date. Use hanging indentation (as shown in the tables below), using Words Format Paragraph. Alphabetize the bibliography by authors family name. Family name always comes first, regardless of the custom in the authors country. Do not number the bibliography or divide it into sections (books, articles, websites, etc.). How to use this guide: 1. The tables below (Print References and Electronic References ) show how to cite different works. 2. Find the type of work you want to cite in the left-hand column. 3. The right-hand column shows a full citation for the first note (N), the short form (S) for subsequent citations of the same work, and the bibliographic form (B). Note on ibid. When you cite the same work in direct sequence, you may use ibid. (although the short form is also fine). Ibid. is an abbreviation of the Latin ibidem, meaning in the same place. If all of the reference information is identical, just the word ibid. is used. If the page number is different, ibid. and the page number are needed. Ibid. is not italicized. In the following example, note 8 cites the same source as note 7, but a different page; note 9 cites the same source and page as note 8:
7. Oxford Essential World Atlas (Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 1996), 23. 8. Ibid., 89. 9. Ibid.

4. Create an entry in the bibliography for each work you cite using the bibliographic form (B). Some electronic references do not require a bibliographic entry; these are noted in the table below.

Print References
Type of Entry (N) Note Form (first citation) (S) Short Form (subsequent citations) (B) Bibliographic Form

Book with 1 author

(N) (S) (B)

1. Elizabeth J. Remick, Building Local States: China during the Republican and Post-Mao Periods (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2004), 85. 2. Remick, Building Local States, 31. Remick, Elizabeth J. Building Local States: China during the Republican and Post-Mao Periods. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2004. 3. Peter J. Katzenstein and Yutaka Tsujinaka, Defending the Japanese State (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University East Asia Program, 1991), 129. 4. Katzenstein and Tsujinaka, Defending the Japanese State, 136. Katzenstein, Peter J., and Tsujinaka, Yutaka. Defending the Japanese State. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University East Asia Program, 1991. 5. Lynn Hunt et al., The Making of the West: Peoples and Cultures (Boston: Bedford, 2001), 541. 6. Hunt et al., The Making, 543. Hunt, Lynn, Thomas R. Martin, Barbara H. Rosenwein, R. Po-chia Hsia, and Bonnie G. Smith. The Making of the West: Peoples and Cultures. Boston: Bedford, 2001. 7. Oxford Essential World Atlas (Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 1996), 23. 8. World Atlas, 27. Oxford Essential World Atlas. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 1996. 9. Boris Rumer, ed. Central Asia in Transition: Dilemmas of Political and Economic Development, trans. Gregory Freeze (New York: M.E. Sharpe, 1996). 10. Rumer, Central Asia in Transition. Rumer, Boris. Central Asia in Transition. Translated by Gregory Freeze. New York: M.E. Sharpe, 1996.

Book with 2 or 3 authors

(N) (S) (B)

Book with 4 or more authors

(N) (S) (B)

Book with no author

(N) (S) (B)

Translated book

(N) (S) (B)

Non-English book with translated title

(N)

11. N. M. Pirumova, Zemskoye liberalnoe dvizenie: Sotsialnye korni i evoliutsia do nachala XX veka [The Zemstvo Liberal Movement: Its Social Roots and Evolution to the Beginning of the Twentieth Century] (Moscow: Izdatelstvo Nauka, 1977), 23. 12. Pirumova, Zemskoye liberalnoe dvizenie, 45. Pirumova, N. M. Zemskoye liberalnoe dvizenie: Sotsialnye korni i evoliutsia do nachala XX veka [The Zemstvo Liberal Movement: Its Social Roots and Evolution to the Beginning of the Twentieth Century]. Moscow: Izdatelstvo Nauka, 1977. 13. Kartik C. Roy, Clement A. Tisdell, and Hans C. Blomqvist, eds., Economic Development and Women in the World Community (Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers, 1999), 55. 14. Roy and Tisdell, Economic Development and Women, 80. Roy, Kartik C., Clement A. Tisdell, and Hans C. Blomqvist, eds. Economic Development and Women in the World Community. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers, 1999. 15. Jane Richardson and Paul Riethmuller, Women in the Japanese Workplace, in Economic Development and Women in the World Community, ed. Kartik C. Roy, Clement A. Tisdell, and Hans C. Blomqvist (Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers, 1999), 85. 16. Richardson and Riethmuller, Women, 93. Richardson, Jane, and Paul Riethmuller. Women in the Japanese Workplace. In Economic Development and Women in the World Community, edited by Kartik C. Roy, Clement A. Tisdell, and Hans C. Blomqvist, 79-96. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers, 1999. 17. Lisa Claypool, Zhang Jian and Chinas First Museum, The Journal of Asian Studies 64, no. 3 (2005): 575. 18. Claypool, Zhang Jian, The Journal of Asian Studies, 580. Claypool, Lisa. Zhang Jian and Chinas First Museum. The Journal of Asian Studies 64, no. 3 (2005): 567-604. 19. Janet R. Jenkins, Learning Vocabulary through Reading, American Educational Research Journal 21 (1984): 772. 20. Jenkins, Learning Vocabulary, American Educational Research Journal, 775. Jenkins, Janet R. Learning Vocabulary through Reading. American Educational Research Journal 21 (1984): 767-787.

(S) (B)

Edited book (i.e., chapters by different authors)

(N)

(S) (B)

Chapter in an edited book

(N)

(S) (B)

Journal article

(N) (S) (B)

Journal article (volume only)

(N) (S) (B)

Journal article with 2 or 3 authors

(N) (S) (B)

21. Roger C. Kneip and Anthony Lee, Self-ratings of Anger as a Predictor of Heart Disease, Health Psychology 12 (1993), 303. 22. Kneip and Lee, Self-ratings, Health Psychology, 304. Kneip, Roger C., and Anthony Lee. Self-ratings of Anger as a Predictor of Heart Disease. Health Psychology 12 (1993): 301-307. 23. Roger C. Kneip et al., Self-ratings of Anger as a Predictor of Heart Disease, Health Psychology 12 (1993), 303. 24. Kneip et al., Self-ratings, Health Psychology, 304. Kneip, Roger C., Anthony Lee, Timothy Ismond, Clay Milford, Lucia Salvia, and David Schwartz. Self-ratings of Anger as a Predictor of Heart Disease. Health Psychology 12 (1993): 301-307. 25. Frank Vibert, review of After ENRON: Lessons for Public Policy, by William A. Niskanen (ed.), Journal of Public Policy 25, no. 3 (2005): 396. 26. Vibert, After ENRON, 395. Vibert, Frank. Review of After ENRON: Lessons for Public Policy, by William A. Niskanen (ed.), Journal of Public Policy 25, no. 3 (2005): 395396. 27. Ian Stewart, Book Fuels Mistrust of Meritocracy, South China Morning Post, December 18, 2000, p. A12. 28. Stewart, Book Fuels Mistrust of Meritocracy. Stewart, Ian. Book Fuels Mistrust of Meritocracy. South China Morning Post, December 18, 2000, p. A12. 29. South China Morning Post, Book Fuels Mistrust of Meritocracy, December 18, 2000, p. A12. 30. South China Morning Post, Book Fuels Mistrust of Meritocracy. South China Morning Post. Book Fuels Mistrust of Meritocracy. December 18, 2000, p. A12. 31. Hadi Utomo, Pendidikan Asar untuk Rakyat Miskin [Primary Education for Poor People] Kompas, August 1, 2005, p. 34. 32. Utomo, Pendidikan Asar. Utomo, Hadi. Pendidikan Asar untuk Rakyat Miskin [Primary Education for Poor People]. Kompas, August 1, 2005, p. 34.

Journal article with 4 or more authors

(N) (S) (B)

Book review

(N) (S) (B)

Newspaper article

(N) (S) (B)

Newspaper article with no author

(N) (S) (B)

Non-English article with translated title

(N) (S) (B)

Document or report: Private organization (N) 33. Geneva Call, Seeking Rebel Accountability, Report of the Geneva Call Mission to the Moro Islamic Liberation Front in Central Mindanao, Philippines, April 3-8 (Geneva: Geneva Call, 2002), 112. 34. Geneva Call, Seeking Rebel Accountability, 120. Geneva Call, Seeking Rebel Accountability. Report of the Geneva Call Mission to the Moro Islamic Liberation Front in Central Mindanao, Philippines, April 38. Geneva: Geneva Call, 2002. 35. Department of Revenue and Customs, Royal Government of Bhutan, Bhutan Tax Manual, 1998, Thimphu: Royal Government of Bhutan, 1998, 118. 36. Department of Revenue and Customs, Bhutan Tax Manual, 1998, 145150. Department of Revenue and Customs. Royal Government of Bhutan. Bhutan Tax Manual, 1998. Thimphu: Royal Government of Bhutan. 1998. 37. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, Controlling Carbon Dioxide Emissions: The Tradeable Permit System (Geneva: UNCTAD, 1995), 24. 38. UNCTAD, Controlling Carbon Dioxide Emissions, 26. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. Controlling Carbon Dioxide Emissions: The Tradeable Permit System. Geneva: UNCTAD, 1995.

(S) (B)

Government

(N) (S) (B)

International body

(N)

(S) (B)

Electronic References
Type of Entry (N) Note Form (first citation) (S) Short Form (subsequent citations) (B) Bibliographic Form

Book with original date of publication

(N) (S) (B)

39. Alfred Russell Wallace, The Malay Archipelago, vol. 1 (1902; Project Gutenberg, 2001), par. 23, http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/2530. 40. Wallace, The Malay Archipelago, vol. 1, par. 32. Wallace, Alfred Russell. The Malay Archipelago. Vol. 1. 1902; Project Gutenberg, 2001. http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/2530. 41. Eugene F. Provenzo, Time Exposure, Educational Studies 34, no. 2 (2003): 266, http://search.epnet.com. 42. Provenzo, Time Exposure, 268. Provenzo, Eugene F. Time Exposure. Educational Studies 34, no. 2 (2003): 250-75. http://search.epnet.com.

Journal article based on a print source

(N) (S) (B)

Journal article in an electronic journal

(N) (S) (B)

43. Linda Belau, Trauma and the Material Signifier, Postmodern Culture 11, no. 2 (2001): par. 6, http://www.iath.virginia.edu/ text-only/11.2belau.txt. 44. Linda Belau, Trauma, par. 9. Belau, Linda. Trauma and the Material Signifier. Postmodern Culture 11, no. 2 (2001). http://www.iath.virginia.edu/text-only/11.2belau.txt. 45. Benoit Mercereau, FDI Flows to Asia, Working Paper 07/199 (International Monetary Fund, 2005), http://www.imf.org/external/pubind.htm (accessed October 30, 2005). 46. Mercereau, FDI Flows. Mercereau, Benoit. FDI Flows to Asia. Working Paper 07/199, International Monetary Fund, 2005. http://www.imf.org/external/pubind.htm (accessed October 30, 2005). 47. Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed., s.v. Ethnology, http://www.bartleby.com/65/et/ethnolog.html (accessed November 21, 2005). 48. Columbia Encyclopedia, s.v. Ethnology. [No entry] 49. Ian Stewart, Book Fuels Mistrust of Meritocracy, South China Morning Post, December 18, 2004, http://www.singapore-window.org/sw00/001218sc.htm (accessed January 3, 2005). 50. Stewart, Book Fuels Mistrust of Meritocracy. Stewart, Ian. Book Fuels Mistrust of Meritocracy. South China Morning Post, December 18, 2004. http://www.singapore-window.org/sw00/001218sc.htm (accessed January 3, 2005). 51. Hadi Utomo, Pendidikan Asar untuk Rakyat Miskin [Primary Education for Poor People], Kompas, August 1, 2005, http://www.kompas.com/kompascetak/0508/01.htm (accessed August 1, 2005). 52. Utomo, Pendidikan Asar. Utomo, Hadi. Pendidikan Asar untuk Rakyat Miskin [Primary Education for Poor People]. Kompas, August 1, 2005, http://www.kompas.com/kompascetak/0508/01.htm. 53. World Health Organization, Shelter and Water Remain a Top Priority in Pakistan, October 21, 2005, http://www.who.int/en/ (accessed November 4, 2005). 54. World Health Organization, Shelter and Water. World Health Organization, Shelter and Water Remain a Top Priority in Pakistan, October 21, 2005, http://www.who.int/en/ (accessed November 4, 2005).

Working paper

(N)

(S) (B)

Encyclopedia entry

(N) (S) (B)

Newspaper article

(N)

(S) (B)

Non-English article with translated title

(N)

(S) (B)

News release

(N)

(S) (B)

Website of a private organization

(N) (S) (B)

49. Council for Responsible Voting, Web site, http://member.tripod.com/~chapelnet/trivia.html (accessed June 1, 2004). 50. Council for Responsible Voting. [No entry] 51. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, Trends in International Migration: Continuous Reporting System on Migration, Annual Report, 2001 ed., http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/23/41/2508596.pdf (accessed October 24, 2005). 52. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, Trends. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. Trends in International Migration: Continuous Reporting System on Migration. Annual Report, 2001 edition. http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/23/41/2508596.pdf (accessed October 24, 2005). 53. Anoop Singh, Global Context and Regional Outlook for Latin America and the Caribbean, Regional Economic Outlook Report, International Monetary Fund, http://www.imf.org/external/np/speeches/2005/101305.htm (accessed November 21, 2005). 54. Singh, Global Context. Singh, Anoop. Global Context and Regional Outlook for Latin America and the Caribbean. Regional Economic Outlook Report, International Monetary Fund. http://www.imf.org/external/np/speeches/2005/101305.htm (accessed November 21, 2005). 55. World Bank, Governance Indicators: 1996-2002, http://www.worldbank.org/wbi/governance/govdata2002 (accessed July 21, 2004). 56. World Bank, Governance Indicators. World Bank. Governance Indicators: 1996-2002. http://www.worldbank.org/wbi/governance/govdata2002 (accessed July 21, 2004). 57. Ministry of Coal, Government of India, Pricing of Coal, http://policies.gov.in/pol_show_doc.asp?pid=delh242&dno=1 (accessed September 23, 2005). 58. Ministry of Coal, Pricing of Coal. Ministry of Coal, Government of India. Pricing of Coal. http://policies.gov.in/pol_show_doc.asp?pid=delh242&dno=1 (accessed September 23, 2005). 59. Consumer Survey Report, n.d., http://www.cc.user_survey (accessed August 8, 2006). 60. Consumer Survey Report. Consumer Survey Report. N.d. http://www.cc.user_survey (accessed August 8, 2006).

Document or report

(N)

(S) (B)

Document or report with author

(N)

(S) (B)

Document or report with no author

(N) (S) (B)

Government document with no date

(N)

(S) (B)

Stand-alone document with no author, no date

(N) (S) (B)