History 1323 Final Exam Review Sheet (Chapters 29-32)

1. List The Tactics That Were Used Under Jim Crow To Disfranchise African Americans In The South. secret ballot, literacy tests, poll taxes, grandfather clauses, white primaries 2. Define De Jure and De Facto Segregation. De jure segregation- separation imposed by law De Facto Segregation-spatial/social separation of populations brought by social behavior not by law 3. Describe President Kennedys Response To The Outbreak Of Racial Violence In 1963 and Describe The March On Washington In 1963. he was reluctant at first, lack of commitment, supported strong civil rights bill ; March on Washington-aug 28, 1963,250,00 ppl gathered at Lincoln memorial, MLK said I have a dream speech 4. Identify Sweatt v. Painter (1950), Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas (1954), and Central High School, Little Rock, Arkansas. Sweatt V. Painter-successfully challenged separate but equal; landmark of brown vs. board of education brown vs. board of education of Topeka-overthrew doctrine separate but equal Central high school(1957)-9 black kids enrolled in all white school, mobs formed, fed troops and Natl guard sent 5. Identify the Montgomery Bus Boycott And the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) ------Bus Boycott-organized by king, started with rosa parks, blacks didnt ride buses until they could sit anywhere they wanted to SCLC-headed by MLK, coordinated protest groups , direct challenges for social order 6. State The Names Of The Two Latino Organizations That Challenged Segregation Texas Schools During The Late 1940s and Identify Caesar Chavez. ----America GI Forum, League of united Latin American citizen(LULAC) Caesar Chavez-created united farm workers organizing committee 7. Define Sit-In And Freedom Rides and Identify SNCC. -sit in-form of direct action where protestors non-violently occupy and refuse to leave Freedom rides-(CORE) led by james farmer; wanted national attention on the inequality
of segregated facilities and on transportation SNCC- Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee; represented the militant, younger generation of black activists, impatient with the slow pace of reform.

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8. Describe The Accomplishments And The Disappointments Of The Civil Rights Movement. ---racial pride, destruction of jim crow, passage of civil rights legislation; era of greater opportunity; wide spread unemployment and poverty; full equality for blacks

was not achieved 9. State The Goals Of President Johnsons Great Society And Identify The Civil Rights Act Of 1964 And The Voting Rights Act Of 1965. Great society- fight war on poverty;, education reform, healthcare reform; Civil rights act of 1964-eliminated discrimination in employment, voting and public places; created EEOC 10. State The Causes Of The Rise Of The New Left And Identify Students For A Democratic Society. causes of new left-response to modern university, SDS(students for a democratic society) -advocated participatory govt 11. Define Ecumenism And Libertarian. Ecumenism-movement encouraging unity amongst religions(Christians & jews);;; Libertarian-advocate for minimalist approach to governing , freedom of individuals 12. Describe The Counterculture And Identify Timothy Leary. it was an anti-establishment rejected individualism, competition, and capitalism, they were hippies and embraced free love, heavily involved in drugs, expressed themselves through rock music; Leary-Harvard psychology professor, promoted drug use(LSD)

13. Identify The Significance Of Dien Bien Phu And Ho Chi Minh. battle in which they defeated the french and then expelled them from indo china; Minh- leader of north vietnam 14. Describe the Characteristics of American Soldiers in the Vietnam War. Young, the ground fighters were mostly minorities and those that were less educated 15. Identify Gulf Of Tonkin Resolution And Operation Rolling Thunder. Gulf of Tonkin-speech that l.b.j delivered to congress, wanted prevent future aggression ;gave him free reign in the war: Rolling thunder-Vietcong attacked in 1965, us retaliated- part of the strategic bombing campaign, U.S. military aircraft attacked targets throughout North Vietnam 16. Identify The Tet Offensive And Its Consequences. Military campaign, Massive attack stunned america; americans realized that the pres. had not been telling the truth about the war(secret plan) ; a lot of americans become very anti war; lbj refuses to run again 17. Define Vietnamization And The Phoenix Program. Vietnamization- gradual withdrawal of u.s. troops, Phoenix program- identify & neutralize the infrastructure of Natl liberation front of south vietnam

18. Identify The Silent Majority & The New Right. Silent majority- Nixon phrase, described his supporters who didnt express views New right-combination of Christian religious leaders & conservatives who claimed that environmental and labor regulations were bad 19. Describe President Nixons Supplementary Security Income Act . SSI improved the quality of life for ppl who were elderly or have a disability by providing financial support, incentives to work, and access to medical care 20. Identify Cuyahoga River and Love Canal and List The Environmental Measures Taken By President Nixon. River in ohio that was so contaminated it caught on fire; Love canal- canal in NY; The canal was turned into a municipal and industrial chemical dumpsite, contaminated water supply, infected ppl of city 21. Describe Public Reaction To The Bombing Of Laos & Cambodia and Identify Kent State & Jackson State Universities (1970). Pres. nixon said he was deescalating the war but was really expanding and bombing other places; lied to american public; Universities- sites of anti war protest; violence will erupted and students were killed 22. Discuss The End Of The Vietnam War And Identify Henry Kissinger. Peace treaty in 1973, last Americans out of embassy by 1975, cost more than 200 billion, ruined u.s. foreign policy Kissinger- secretary of state; won nobel peace prize 23. Define Dtente & Give Examples Of This Foreign Policy Approach As Carried Out By President Nixon. Easing on tensions between nations; Nixon-went to visit china; negotiate with the Russians in soviet union, signed SALT 1 24. Identify The Pentagon Papers & Consequences Of The Watergate Scandal. Pentagon papers- secret military study of Vietnam war published by new york times Watergate- burglars broke into democratic national committee, part of Nixon re-election committee, led to resignation of Nixon, 25. Identify Measures Taken To Restrain The President After Watergate a. War Powers Act -required president to consult congress before committing troops to battlefield b. Presidential Election Campaign Reform- better way of regulating campaign funds to make sure they were using the money for their campaign and not anything else c. Freedom Of Information Act-created to make sure that pres. couldnt use their power to prevent them from sharing important info

26. Define Stagflation and Deindustrialization. Stagflation- rising of unemployment and wages/prices Deindustrialization- process of social/economic change caused by the removal or reduction of industrial activity 27. Identify OPEC And List The Consequences Of The Oil Embargo, 1973. organization of petroleum exporting countries- created oil embargo by limiting the production of oil Conseq- oil shortages, rapid increase in oil prices, caused economy to decline 28. Characteristics Of Presidents Of The 1970s (After Watergate) and Describe The Significance Of The Camp David Accords. they were weak, passionless<,and wavering: Camp david- engineered by pres. carter, peace agreement between Israel and Egypt signed on September 17, 1978, that led to a peace treaty between those two countries, 29. Describe The Panama Canal Treaty and Identify Three-Mile Island. signed in 1978 by pres. carter, gave control of panama canal back to the panama, 3 mile-nuclear disaster in PA, released radio-active material in the air 30. Identify Evangelicals, Moral Majority, and The United Organizations of Taxpayers. evangelicals-take the Bible seriously and believe in Jesus Christ as Savior and Lord, born again Moral majority-ameiran political organization associated with Christian right UOT-founded by howard Jarvis-consisted of teacher, blue collar workers, blacks, received no money from oil companies, bankers etc31. Discuss The Iran Hostage Crisis & Its Consequences. made u.s. and the pres. at the time look weak; ronald regean will have an easy time beating jimmy carter in the next election 32. Describe The Causes and Consequences Of The Afghanistan War. began in 1980, the soviet union invaded Afghanistan to protect the communist government: it made the soviet union look weak, extremely long war 33. Describe Reaganomics And Its Consequences. Regans Plan to fix economic economy , tax cuts, reduction of spending conseq.- -increased wage disparity -culture of greed, individual over the group -unregulated economic activity that leads to negative economic impacts on the economy as a whole. 34. Identity: a. Supply-Side Economics -theory that emphasized tax cuts and business incentives to promote economic growth

b.

Sagebrush Rebels-western cattlmen, loggers, argued that federal ownership of huge tracts of land and natural resources violated the principle of states rights c. Economic Recovery Act Of 1981-lowered tax rates, capital gains and investment economic rates d. Yuppies- upper class ppl in 20/30s 35. Describe President Reagans Response To The Air Traffic Controllers Strike And Identify The Reagan Doctrine Declared their strike illegal, didnt address issues and fired them; Doctrine-designed to diminish Soviet influence globally as part of the administration's overall Cold War strategy.provided aid to anti-communist 36. Describe The Iran-Contra Affair (Irangate) & Identify Oliver North Pres. Traded arms with iran for release of hostages, violated pres. Vow not to pay ransom to terrorists. North-lieutenant, aide, created idea that profits from selling arms to iran could be used to buy weapons for contras. 37. Describe The Tax Equity and Fiscal Responsibility Act of 1982 And Reagans Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI Or Star Wars). Act-included 98 billion in tax increases disguised as revenue enhancments SDI- use ground and space-based systems to protect the United States from attack by strategic nuclear ballistic missiles. The initiative focused on strategic defense. 38. Describe The Savings & Loans Crisis & Public Health Crisis Of The 1980s. Crisis- the failure of about 747 out of the 3,234 savings and loan associations in the United States Public health-americans were spending more on medical care and werent any healthier, more than 30 mill. Had no health insurance, AIDS arose 39. Describe The Gramm-Rudman Act And The Developments That Caused The Weakening Of The Soviet Union. Act-established set of increasing limits in federal spending; Weakening- the economy, critics of the soviet govt who wrote about the problems of soviet; a lot of rebellion and domestic problems<;chernobyl disaster made the union look weak<

40. Identify Lech Walesa & Solidarity and Describe The Chernobyl Disaster. Walesa- leader of polish labor union Solidarity- polish trade union- launched a national strike: Chernobyl- nuclear accident at a power plant as a consequence a wide radioactive material will be release< have to ask scientist and doctors from the west to help 41. Identify Mikhail Gorbachev & Define Glasnost And Perestroika. became leader of soviet union tried to implement reforms to fix problems of soviet

union: Glasnost-German word that means openness,term used to describe political reform perestroika-economic reform, introduced some asspects of capitalism, implemented by gorbachev 42. State The Consequences Of Economic And Political Reform In Russia. caused gorbachev power to decline, gets forced out of office, soviet union collased 43. Describe The Accomplishments & Negative Consequences Of The Reagan. Presidency. tamed inflation, restored public confidence in govt<,rebuild Americas might/ strength: Conseq-national debt tripled<,lack of an equal distribution of wealth< stripped social services 44. List The Economic Problems That President Bush (Senior) Faced In 1989 And Describe President Bushs (Senior) Strategy For Reducing The Budget Deficit. increase in deficit, savings and loans crisis, and high inflammation Bush-lots of reform strategies, weaken federal govt 45. Identify The American With Disabilities Act Of 1990 (ADA) and Operation Desert Storm. law to prevent discrimination against disabilities: Storm-code name for the ground invasion for the first iraq war in 1991 46. Identify Anita Hill & Clarence Thomas. Hill-american attorney-accused Thomas of sexual harrasment Thomas- associate justice of supreme court 47. Describe The Significance Of The Fall Of The Berlin Wall, 1989 & The Consequences Of The End Of The Cold War. beginning of the collapse of soviet union: tension concerning nuclear was between the soviet and america ends- u.s. became the only super power in the world

48. Identify Boris Yeltsin And Describe The Tiananmen Square Incident. became pres of russia after soviet union collapsed: Incident-democratic protest in china 1989 ; Chinese use military force to end it

49. Identify Corporate Flight And Define Sun Belt And Frost Belt. BUSINESS AND COMPANIES MOVE FROM FROST BELT TO SUNBELT; FROST BELT- IN THE NORTH EAST, USE TO BE THE CENTRAL AMERICAS BUSINESS/ SUNBELT-AREA IN THE SOUTH WEST WERE BUSINESS AND AMERICANS WERE RELOCATED

50. Identify The Immigration And Naturalization Act Of 1965, The Consequences of The New Immigration (Hispanic and Asian Immigration) and the Immigration and Control Act of 1986. 1964-REMOVED THE QUOTA SYSTEM FROM 1924, CAUSED A HUGE SERGE OF IMMIGRATION TO THE US; GET A LOT OF HISPANICS, ASIANS AND PPL FROM MIDDLE EAST, HISPANICS BECOME THE FIRST MINORITY BUT ASIANS ARE THE FASTEST GROWING 1986-MADE IT ILLLEGAL TO HIRE IMMIGRANTS 51. Identify Ross Perot & Describe The Elements That Created The Democratic Revival. PEROT-RAN FOR PRES IN 92 AND 96; PARTY CAMPAIGN SAID HE COULD REDUCE THE DEFICIT; REVIVAL- DEMOCRATS GET POWER BETWEEN 1992-2000 MOVE AWAY FROM RELIANCE OF GOVT, BILL CLINTON HAD A MORE MODERATE AGENDA 52. Identify Silicon Valley And The New Electronic Culture and Describe The "Don't Ask, Don't Tell" Policy. VALLEY-AREA IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA THAT EXPEIRENCED A BOOM BCUZ OF THE COMPUTOR INDUSTRY; CULTURE- OUR COMMUNITY IS GLOBAL DUE TO THE INTERNET, THERE IS A SHIFT OF DIGITAL MEDIA; DONT ASK- RELATED TO GAYS IN THE ARMY 53. Identify Monica Lewinski, State The Consequences Of Pres. Clintons Involvement With Lewinski And Define Impeachment. MONICA- HAD A SEXUAL RELATIONSHIP WITH PRES CLINTON; LEWINKSI- HE WILL BE THE 2ND PRESIDENT TO BE IMPEACHED, WEAKENS THE DEMOCRATS; EQUIVALENT OF BEING INDITED OF A CRIME

54. Define NAFTA & Identify World Trade Organization (WTO) NAFTA-NORTH AMERICNA FREE TRADE AGREEMENT- ESTABLISHED FREE TRADE WITH US, MEXICO WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION (WTO) DEALS WITH THE GLOBAL RULES OF TRADE BETWEEN NATIONS; ITS MAIN FUNCTION IS TO ENSURE THAT TRADE FLOWS SMOOTHLY 55. Define The Contract With America and Identify UAW v. Johnson Controls CONSERVATIVE REPUBLICANS, PLAN WAS TO RESTRUCTURE GOVT SPENDING TO REDUCE DEFICIT, ABOUT TRYING TO REORGANIZE THE GOVT;

UAW- CASE OVER ILLIGAL SEX DISCRIMINATION 56. Identify Proposition 209 and The Rodney King Beating Case 209- CALIFORNIA BALLOT PROPOSITION-; AMENDED THE STATE CONSTITUTION TO PROHIBIT STATE GOVERNMENT INSTITUTIONS FROM CONSIDERING RACE, SEX, OR ETHNICITY<,SPECIFICALLY IN THE AREAS OF PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT,PUBLIC CONTRACTING OR PUBLIC EDUCATION RODNEY KING-RIOTS BROKE OUT BCUZ OF THIS, LA COPS WERE CAUGHT ON CAMERA BEATING HIM 57. Describe Examples Of The United States Humanitarian Intervention In Foreign Countries During The Clinton Presidency (Haiti, Somalia, Bosnia And Kosovo) US MILITARY WILL BECOME INVOLVED TO ASSIST THE PPL WHO WERE SUFFERING IN THOSE COUNTRIES 58. List Examples Of Violent Acts Associated With The Far Left And Describe School Violence of the 1990s 100S OF PEOPLE WERE KILLED, SCHOOLS WERE BOMBED

59. Describe The Controversy Concerning The Election Of 2000 And Define Y2K. CONTROVERSY OVER ELCTION,-GORE VS BUSH;VOTING WAS MESSED UP;SUPREME COURT WILL DECIDE WHO GETS THE VOTE FOR FLORIDA; Y2K- A TIME OF GREAT ANXIETY GOING INTO THE NEW MILINIUM. 60. Describe The Consequences Of George W. Bushs Tax Cuts. INCREASE IN THE NATIONAL DEBT AND A WEAKENING IN THE NATONAL ECONOMY 61. Describe September 11 Terrorist Attacks, The War On Terrorism & Define Doctrine Of Preemption. SEPT 11- TWIN TOWRS/PENTAGON WERE BOMBED BY AMERICAN PLANE; WAR ON TERR.-FOCUSED ON AFGHANASTAN AND IRAC BCUZ OF 9/11; DOCTRINE-ANY FEDREAL LAW TRUMPS ANY STATE LAW 62. Identify The Patriot Act & The Department Of Homeland Security. PATRIOT- FEDERAL GOVT STARTED INTERCEPTING COMMUNICATION, CREATED STRONGER PENEALTIES, WAR OF REGULATION ON BANK DEPOSITING; HOMELAND-CREATED TO FOCUS ON NATIONAL SECURITY, SECURE NATION FROM ALL THREATS 63. Identify The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) And Describe The Political Consequences Of Hurricane Katrina.

FEMA-FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY-COODINATES RESPONSES TO DISASTERS IN THE U.S. KATRINA-BUSHS POPLARITY WENT DOWN, MORE TROOPS WERE ORDERED TO IRAQ BECAUSE OF THREAT, DEMOCRATS TOOK CONTROL 64. Discuss The Election Of 2008 And List The Domestic & Foreign Policy Issues That President Obama Faced After Being Elected. ELECTION OF 2008-OBAMA VS. BIDEN-FIRST BLACK PRESIDENT ISSUES-COLLAPSING ECONOMY, UNEMPLOYMENT, TROOPS STILL BEING IN IRAQ, TALIBAN THREATENED KABL AND PAKISTAN GOVT 65. Identify "Cap And Trade" Legislation And The Tea Party Movement. CAP & TRADE-WOULD CAP AMOUNT OF GREEN HOUSE GASES FACTORIES COULD RELEASE TEA PARTY MOVEMENT-AGAINST OBAMA, PROTESTED HIGH TAXES, WANTED LESS GOVT, WANTED CRACKDOWN ON ILLEGAL IMMIGRATION