BiomechanicsSampleProblems

Forces 1)A90kgicehockeyplayercollidesheadonwithan80kgicehockeyplayer.Ifthefirst personexertsaforceof450Nonthesecondplayer,howmuchforcedoesthesecond playerexertonthefirst?450N 2)Howmuchforcemustbeappliedbyakickertogiveastationary2.5kgballan accelerationof40m/s/s?100N 3)A65kgrunnerhadamaximalverticalgroundreactionforceof1700Nwhilerunningat moderatepace.Whatwastherunner'sweightinNewtons?637NWhatisthemaximal verticalgroundreactionforcewhenexpressedinmultiplesofbodyweight(1bodyweight istheweightoftherunner).2.67timesgreaterthanbodyweight 4)Ahighjumperwithabodyweightof712Nexertsaforceof3000Nagainsttheground duringtakeoff.Howmuchforcedoesthegroundonthehighjumperexert?3000Ninthe oppositedirection 5)Atrackathleterunningatfastpacehadaninstantaneousresultantforceof2800N actingthroughtheheelduringheelstrike.Iftheangleoftheresultantforcewas120 degreeswithrespecttothehorizontal,whatwerethehorizontalandverticalforcesacting ontheheel?Estimatehisbodymassifyouknowthatingeneralverticalgroundreaction forcefoundinrunningareabout4.3timesthevalueofbodyweight.1400Nhorizontal; 2425Nvertical;57.5kg 6)Thecoefficientoffrictionbetweenabasketballshoeandacourtis0.56,andthenormal reactionforceactingontheshoeis350N.Howmuchhorizontalforceisrequiredtomake theshoeslide?>196N 7)A70kgskierisinatuckpositionandmovingdowna20degreehill.Airresistance appliesaresultantforceof15Nagainstthemovementoftheskier.Thecoefficientof frictionbetweentheskisandthesnowis0.09.Whatistheresultantdownhillforceacting ontheskier?161Ndownhill 8)(Useg=10)Ifa70kgpersonwassittingonaswing(centeredevenlyinthemiddle betweenthetworopes),whatwastheforcebeingsupportedbyeachverticalrope(in Newtons)?350NeachIfthesamepersonwassittinginthemiddleofahammock,andeach ropehadanangleof30degreeswithrespecttothehorizontal,howmuchforcewaseach ropesupporting?(Note:Forceintheropeisnotthesameinthetwosituations.)700Neach 9)An85kgcyclist(person+bike)wastravelingataconstantspeedlevelroad.Upon startingupahillwitha15degreeinclination,thecycliststoppedpedalingandcoasted. Whatwasthetotaldownhillforceactingonthecyclistconsideringthecoefficientoffriction betweenthetiresandtheroadis0.1?136Ndownhill

 10)Thecoefficientofstaticfrictionbetweenasledandthesnowis0.19,withacoefficient ofdynamicfrictionof0.16.A25kggirlsitsonhersledfacingdowna10degreehill.What istheminimumpushherfriendneedstoexerttostartmovingdownthehill?Aftergetting apush,doesshecontinuetoslidedownthehill?Explain.>4Npushdownhilltostart moving;yes,shecontinuestoslideafterapush;Fdownhill=43N;Fstaticfrictionuphill=47N; Fdynamicfrictionuphill=39N 11)Twopeopleareplayingtugofwar.Duetotheirchoiceoffootwear,theircoefficientof staticfrictionisdifferent.Participant1hasamassof60kg,acoefficientofstaticfrictionof 2.0,andcanpullwithamaximumforceof1000N.Participant2hasamassof80kganda coefficientofstaticfrictionof1.2,andcanpullwithamaximumforceof1200N.Whowins? participant1wins 12)Afootballplayerpusheda60kgblockingsledwithaconstanthorizontalforceof400 N.Thecoefficientofkineticfrictionbetweenthesledandgroundis0.5.Howmuch horizontalforceopposestheforwardmotionofthesled?294NWhatisthesleds horizontalacceleration?(assumethattheplayingsurfaceislevel).1.77m/s2 LinearKinematics 1)A75kgjumperlandsstiffleggedonthefloorandchangeshisvelocityfrom4.5m/sto zeroin0.15seconds.Computetheaverageresultantforceworkingonthejumper.2250N Ifheincreasedtheimpacttimeto0.2s,whathappenstotheresultantforceworkingonthe jumper?1688N 2)Ifanathletejumped2feethighandleftthegroundatanangleof20degreeswith respecttothehorizontal,howfastwastheathletegoingintheforward(positive horizontal)andupward(positivevertical)directionsimmediatelyaftertakeoff?Vertical velocity=3.46m/sHorizontalvelocity=9.51Iftheheightoftakeoffwasthesameasthe heightoflanding,howfastwastheathletegoinginthehorizontalandverticaldirections rightbeforelanding?Verticalvelocity=3.46m/sHorizontalvelocity=9.51 3)AnOlympicdiverdropsfromthe10meterplatformwithaninitialverticalvelocityof0.0 m/s.Whatwastheverticalvelocityofthediverimmediatelybeforehe/shehitsthewater? 14m/sHowlongdidittakethedivertoreachthewater?1.43s 4)Alongjumperleavesthegroundatanangleof25degreeswithrespecttothehorizontal witharesultantvelocityof30ft/s.Whatwasthehorizontalvelocityofthejumperat takeoffinm/s?Horizontalvelocity=8.29Whatwastheverticalvelocityattakeoffinm/s? Verticalvelocity=3.86m/sHowhighdidtheCMriseabovethepointoftakeoff?0.76m 5)Twoballswerethrownupwardandwerecaughtatthesameheightfromwhichthey werereleased.BallAwasthrownupwardwithaverticalvelocityof10m/s.BallBwas thrownupwardwithaverticalvelocitywhichwastwicethatofballA.Howfardideachball riseabovethepointofrelease?BallA:5.1mBallB:20.4m Howlongdideachballstayintheair(totaltime)?BallA:2.0sBallB:4.1s

 6)Ifashotisputanangleof41degreesrelativetothehorizontalwithavelocityof36ft/s inthedirectionoftheput,whatwillbetheupward(vertical)velocityattheinstantof release?7.2m/sWhatwillbetheforward(horizontal)velocity?8.3m/sHowhigh (abovethepointofrelease)willtheshotgo?2.64mWhatisthetimeittakestheshotto reachitsmaximumheight?0.73s 7)Iftheshotinproblem6isreleasedfromaheightof6ftandlaterlandsontheground (height=0.0ft),whatwasthetotaltimeofflight?1.69sHowfardidtheshottravel horizontally?14.0m 8)Whatistheaveragespeedofabreastrokeswimmerwhocompletes100minatimeof 1:15?1.3m/s 9)Whatistheaveragevelocityofabreastrokeswimmerwhocompletes100minatimeof 1:15?0m/ssincetheystartandfinishinthesamelocation 10)Aballisthrownverticallyupwardwithavelocityof15ms1.Iftheaccelerationdueto gravityis9.8m/s2,whatisthevelocityoftheball2secondsafterbeingthrown?4.6m/s Istheballstillgoinguporisitcomingdown?Down 10)Anorienteerrunsnorthat5m/sfor120seconds,andthenwestat4m/sfor 180seconds.Whatistheresultantdisplacementwithrespecttothestartingposition? Provideananglewithrespecttothenorthdirection.937mat50deg 11)Askierwasglidingdownhillat15m/s.Howlongdidittakehertoskithe630mtothe baseofthehill?10.5sAlessproficientskieraveraged12m/sdowntheslope.Ifthey startedtogether,howfarbehindthefirstskierwashebythetimeshegottothebottomof thehill?126m 12)Theworldrecordforthe24hourrunisabout160miles.Whatisthisdistancein meters?257,488mWhatis24hoursinseconds?86,400sWhatwouldbearunner's averagespeedingoing160milesinadayinm/sandmin/mi?2.98m/sor9:00/mi 13)Bobsledsacceleratefromresttohighspeedsinafewseconds.Ifonesled'sspeed increasedfrom0to32m/sin8seconds,whatwasitsaverageaccelerationduringthat timeperiod?4m/s2Howfardidthesledtraveldownthetrackinthe8seconds?128m ProjectileMotion 1)Asoccerballiskickedwithaninitialhorizontalspeedof5m/sandaninitialvertical speedof3m/s.Assumingprojectionandlandingheightsarethesame,identifythe followingquantities(ignoringairresistance): a.Theballshorizontalspeed0.5secondsintoitsflight:5m/s b.Theballshorizontalspeedmidwaythroughitsflight:5m/s c.Theballshorizontalspeedimmediatelybeforecontactwiththeground:5m/s d.Theballsverticalspeedattheapexofflight:0m/s

 2)Arugbyplayerattemptsakickafterscoringatry.Theballwaskickedatanangleof60 degreeswithaninitialresultantvelocityof40miles/hour(ignoringairresistance). a.Whatwastheinitialresultantvelocityinmeters/second?17.9m/s b.Whatwastheinitialhorizontalvelocityinm/s?9.0m/s c.Whatwastheinitialverticalvelocityinm/s?15.5m/s d.Iftheplayerwas40metersawayfromthegoal,andtheheightofthehorizontal barwas3meters,didtheplayerscore?Assumethatthetrajectoryoftheballwas ontarget!No 3)Asoccerballiskickedfromtheplayingfieldata45angle.Iftheballisintheairfor3 seconds,whatisthemaximumheightachieved(ignoringairresistance)?11.0m 4)Amountainbikerencountersadeepgorge.Hehasheardthatifhejumpsoffthelog ontheedgeofhissideofthegorgehecanexpect50forhistrajectory.Hehasalsoheard thattheothersideofthegorgeis1metershigherthatthesideheison.Heknowsthathe canridetoamaximumspeedof20mi/hronthetrailapproachingthegorgeandoffoflog. Assumingwhattheriderheardisaccurate,howwidecanthegorgebeforhimtonotdrop downthegorge?7.1m Momentum 1)Twoiceskatersstartoutmotionlessinthecenteroftheicerink.Theythenpusheach otherapart.Theman(mass=80kg)movestotherightwithaspeedof2.5m/s.The womanmovestotheleftatsomeunknownspeed. a)Ifhermassis58kg,calculatethatspeed.(assumefrictionlessice)3.45m/s b)Whathashappenedtothetotalmomentumofthesystem(woman+man)during thepushoff?Itwasmaintainedsincetheresultantexternalforcewaszerowhen consideringbothpeople. 2)LinemanAhasamassof100kgandistravelingwithavelocityof4m/swhenhe collidesheadonwithLinemanB,whohasamassof90kgandistravelingat4.5m/s. Ifbothplayersremainontheirfeet,whatwillhappen?(Answer:BwillpushAbackward withavelocityof0.03m/s) AngularKinematics 1)Agolferacceleratestheclubfromthetopofthebackswinguntilimpactwiththeball withanaverageangularaccelerationof30rad/s2foraperiodof0.5s.Theradiusof rotationis1.1m.Computetheangularvelocityoftheclubatimpact,thelinearvelocityof theclubheadatimpact,andtheradialaccelerationoftheclubheadatimpact.16.5m/s 2)Achampionhammerthrowerrotatesatarateof3.2rev/sjustpriortoreleasingthe hammer.

e.Theballsverticalspeedmidwaythroughitsflight:0m/s f.Theballsverticalspeedimmediatelybeforecontactwiththeground:3m/s g.Theballsvelocitythroughoutthefilght:9.8m/s2

a)Ifthehammerislocated1.6mawayfromtheaxisofrotation,whatisthe centripetalaccelerationexperiencedbytheathlete?646m/s2 b)Howmuchtension(i.e.force)isneededtoproducethisradialaccelerationifthe massofthehammeris7.26kg?4696N 3)Aspeedskaterincreaseshisspeedfrom10m/sto12.5m/soveraperiodof3seconds whilecomingoutofacurveof20mradius.Whatarethemagnitudesofhistangential, centripetal,andresultantaccelerationsasheleavesthecurve?(Answer:at=0.83m/s2;ac =7.81m/s2;a=7.85m/s2) 4)Akickersextendedlegisswungfor0.4secondsinacounterclockwisedirectionwhile acceleratingat200deg/s2.Whatistheangularvelocityofthelegattheinstantofcontact withtheball?(Answer:80deg/sor1.4rad/s) 5)A1.2mgolfclubisswunginaplanarmotionbyarighthandedgolferwithanarm lengthof0.76m.Iftheinitialvelocityofthegolfballis35m/s,whatwastheangular velocityoftheleftshoulderatballcontact?Assumethattheleftarmandgolfclubforma straightlineandthattheinitialballvelocityisthesameasthelinearvelocityoftheclub headatimpact.(Answer:17.86rad/s) AngularKinetics 1)A65kggymnastbeginstoprepareforhisdismountfromthehighbarbyincreasinghis angularvelocitybyafactorof3.Bywhatfactordoesthecentripetalforcechange?(you mayassumethatrdoesnotchange)Itincreasesbyafactorof9 2)Apitchedballwithamassof1kgreachesacatcher'sglovetravelingatavelocityof28 m/s. a.Howmuchmomentumdoestheballhave? b.Howmuchimpulseisrequiredtostoptheball? c.Iftheballisincontactwiththecatcher'sglovefor0.5secondsduringthecatch, howmuchaverageforceisappliedbytheglove? (Answer:a.28kgm/s;b.28Ns;c.56N) 3)A108cm,0.73kggolfclubisswungfor0.5secondswithaconstantaccelerationof10 rad/s2.Whatisthelinearmomentumoftheclubheadwhenitimpactstheball?(Answer: 3.9kgm/s) 4)Avolleyballplayer's3.7kgarmmovesatanaverageangularvelocityof15rad/sduring theexecutionofaspike.Iftheaveragemomentofinertiaoftheextendingarmis0.45kg m2,whatistheaverageradiusofgyrationforthearmduringthespike?(Answer:0.35m) 5)Thepatellartendonattachestothetibiaata20degangle,3cmfromtheaxisofrotation attheknee.Ifthetensioninthetendonis400N,whatistheresultingangularacceleration ofthe4.2kglowerlegandfootgivenaradiusofgyrationof30cmforthelowerleg/foot withrespecttotheaxisofrotationattheknee?(Answer:15.6rad/s2)

 6)A60kgdiverispositionedsothathisradiusofgyrationis0.5masheleavestheboard inalayoutpositionwithanangularvelocityof4rad/s.Whatisthediversangularvelocity whenheassumesatuckposition,alteringhisradiusofgyrationto0.25m?(Answer:=16 rad/s) 8.Thekneeextensorsinsertonthetibiaatanangleof30degrees(fromthelongitudinal axisofthetibia),atadistanceof3cmfromtheaxisofrotationattheknee.Howmuchforce mustthekneeextensorsexerttoproduceanangularaccelerationatthekneeof1rad/s2, givenamassofthelowerlegandfootof4.5kg,andaradiusofgyrationof23cm?(Answer: F=15.9N)

 TorqueProblems 1)Whatisthetorqueonaboltifyouarepullingwithaforceof200Ndirected perpendiculartoawrenchoflength25cm?Howdoesthetorquechangeforawrenchof twicethelength?50Nm100Nm 2.Incycling,thetorquegeneratedaboutthecrankaxisdependsonthemagnitudeof theforceappliedtothepedalandalsotheanglebetweenthecrankarmandthe forcevector.Inthediagrambelow,an800Nverticalforceappliedtothepedal willcreateacounterclockwisetorqueof140Nmwhenthecrankisat90degrees (wheregreatesttorqueisgenerated). Howmuchtorquewillthesameforcegeneratewhenthecrankisat75degrees andat105degrees?Whattorquewillthatsameverticalforcegeneratewhenthe crankisat180degrees? (Answers:at75and105degrees,torque=135.2Nm,at180degrees,torque=0) 3.Whatisthetorqueabouttheshoulderifthearmisheldinanabductedpositionat 60degreesfromthebodyinthefrontalplanewhileholdinga10kgdumbbell? Assumethatthemassofthearmis6kg,itscenterofmassislocated38cmfrom theshoulderjointcenter,andthearm'stotallengthis80cm. (Answers:torqueofdumbbell=69.3Nm;torqueofarmweight=19.7Nm; Torqueattheshoulder=89Nm) 4.ShortEssayReponse:Thetorqueyoucanapplytotherearwheelofyour mountainbikedependsonwhichgearyouareusing.Explainhowandwhythe gearingofthebackwheelaffectstorque. 5.A35Nhandandforearmareheldata45angletotheverticallyoriented humerus.Thecenterofgravityoftheforearmandhandislocatedatadistanceof 15!cmfromthejointcenterattheelbow,andtheelbowflexormusclesattachata distanceof3cmfromthejointcenter(assumethatthemusclesattachatanangle of45totheaxisoftheforearm). a.Howmuchforcemustbeexertedbytheforearmmusclestomaintain thisposition?(answer:175N) b.Howmuchforcemusttheforearmflexorsexertifa50Nweightis heldinthehandatadistancealongthearmof25cm?(Answer:591.7 N) 6.Ahandexertsaforceof90Nonascaleat32cmfromthejointcenteratthe elbow.Thetricepsattachtotheulnaata90angle,andatadistanceof3cm fromthejointcenter.Theweightoftheforearmandthehandis40Nwiththe forearm/handcenterofgravitylocated17cmfromtheelbowjointcenter. Consideringtheseconditions,howmuchforceisbeingexertedbythetriceps? Rememberthatyouareinterestedintheforcesactingontheforearmsystem. (answer:733.3N) 7.Atherapistappliesalateralforceof80Ntotheforearmatadistanceof25cm fromtheelbowjointcenter.Thebicepsattachestotheradiusata90angleand atadistanceof3cmfromtheelbow. a.Howmuchforceisrequiredofthebicepstostabilizethearmin position?(answer:666.7N)

b.Whatisthemagnitudeofthereactionforceexertedbythehumeruson 1.Afigureskaterisrotatingwithcounterclockwiseangularvelocityinanoverheadview. Ifherangularaccelerationisclockwiseatthattime,thisimpliesthat: (a)sheisnotchangingthespeedofherrotation. (b)herrotationisspeedingup. (c)herrotationisslowingdown. 2.Whichofthefollowingistrue? (a)Iflocationisconstant,velocityhastobezero. (b)Ifvelocityisconstant,accelerationhastochangeataconstantrate. (c)Ifaccelerationisconstant,velocityalsohastobeconstant. 3.Abusismovingforwardat12.5m/s.Youareinsidethebus,movinglaterallyrelativeto theseatsinthebus(i.e.,sidewaysfromaseatontherightsideofthebustoaseatonthe leftsideofthebus)at4.6m/s.Whatisthevalueofyourresultantvelocityvectorrelative tothestreet? (a)between0.00m/sand5.00m/s (b)between5.01m/sand9.00m/s (c)between9.01m/sand13.00m/s (d)between13.01m/sand16.00m/s (e)morethan16.01m/s 4.Twobobsleddingcompetitorspushtheirsledfor3.2swithacombinedhorizontalforce of110N.Themassofthesledis65Kg.Assumethattherearenofrictionforces betweenthesledandthesnow.Calculatethehorizontalaccelerationofthesled. (a)between0.0m/s2and2.0m/s2 (b)between2.1m/s2and4.0m/s2 (c)between4.1m/s2and7.0m/s2 (d)between7.1m/s2and8.5m/s2 (e)morethan8.6m/s2 5.A200meterswimmingracetakesplaceina50meterpool.Assumethatthepositive directionisthedirectionofswimminginthefirststretch(first50meters).Howwillthe accelerationoftheswimmerbewhentheswimmerisslowingdowntomakehissecond turn,thatis,asheapproachesthe100meterpointoftherace? (a)positive (b)negative (c)zero 6.Ifweignoretheeffectsofairresistance,thesumofthehorizontalforcesexertedona gymnastwhilesheisintheair: (a)iszero. (b)dependsonthemassofthegymnast. (c)isequaltotheweightofthegymnast. (d)dependsonthecurrenthorizontalvelocityofthegymnast. 7.Whichofthefreebodydiagramsbelowiscorrect?Thesystemisthesoccerplayerwho iskickingtheball;theballisNOTapartofthesystem. (a)(b)(c)(d) 8.Acyclistisridinginthepositivehorizonaldirectionat12.3m/sonahorizontallevel

surface.Sheencountersanairresistanceforceof27N.Theactionsonthepedalsbythe cyclistcauseabackwardforceof153Ntobeexertedbytherearwheelontheground. Themassofthecyclistplusbikesystemis61Kg.Calculatethehorizontalacceleration ofthecenterofmassofthesystem.(HINT:firstmakeafreebodydiagramofthe system.) (a)between20.0m/s2and2.5m/s2 (b)between2.4m/s2and0.4m/s2 (c)between0.3m/s2and+0.3m/s2 (d)between+0.4m/s2and+2.4m/s2 (e)between+2.5m/s2and+20.0m/s2 9._________________________isadirectmeasurementofinertiaintranslations. (a)force (b)mass (c)acceleration (d)weight (e)velocity 10.Amotioninwhichvelocitychangesbythesameamountwitheverysecondthatpasses byiscalled: (a)variablyacceleratedmotion. (b)uniformmotion. (c)uniformlyacceleratedmotion. 11.Ifyourlocationischangingfromapositivevaluetoanegativevalue,youcanbesure onlyofoneofthefollowingthings: (a)Yourvelocityisdecreasing. (b)Youraccelerationisnegative. (c)Yourvelocityispositive. (d)Yourvelocityisnegative. (e)Youraccelerationisconstant. 12.Aweightlifterismakingaverticalupwardforceof925Nona50Kgbarbell.Calculate theverticalaccelerationofthebarbell.Hint:Drawfirstafreebodydiagramofthe barbell,puttingalltheforcesexertedonthebarbell.Thengettheresultantofallthe forcesexertedonthebarbell,andgoonfromthere. (a)between0.00m/s2and1.00m/s2 (b)between1.01m/s2and2.00m/s2 (c)between2.01m/s2and5.00m/s2 (d)between5.01m/s2and10.00m/s2 (e)morethan10.01m/s2 13.Abreakdancerisspinningonhisback,rotatingaboutavertical axis.Seenfromabove,therotationappearsasclockwise.Inwhich directionwillhisangularvelocityvectorpoint? 14.Afootballplayerthrowstheball,andattheinstantofreleasetheballhashorizontal and verticalvelocitiesof7.4m/sand3.6m/s,respectively.Howlongwillittaketheballto reachitspeakheight? (a)between0.00sand0.10s (b)between0.11sand0.50s

(c)between0.51sand2.00s (d)between2.01sand8.00s (e)morethan8.01s 15.Themotionoftheamusementparkboatshownbelowis: (a)rotation. (b)curvilineartranslation. (c)rectilineartranslation. (d)generalmotion. 16.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE? (a)Intheabsenceofairresistance,theverticalvelocityofaprojectileisconstant. (b)Thepathofaprojectilecanbechangedinmidairwithoutexternalforcesfrom solidsorfluids. (c)Intheabsenceofairresistance,thehorizontalvelocityofaprojectilechangesata constantrate. (d)Iftwoprojectilesarereleasedwiththesamehorizontalvelocity,theonewiththe largestverticalvelocityatreleasewilllandfartheraway. 17.Whataretheunitsforlinearimpulse? (a)N s (b)Kg s (c)Kg m (d)Kg (e)N m 18.Biomechanicsresearchintheautomobileandaerospaceindustriesisconcernedmainly with: (a)theeffectsofaccelerations. (b)theachievementofmaximumperformance. (c)themechanicsoftheworkplace. (d)thedevelopmentofrehabilitationexercises. 19.Lookatthestatementsbelow.Ifyouthinkthatoneofthemisincorrect,answerwith the letteroftheincorrectstatement.Ifyouthinkthatallthreestatementsarecorrect,answer withtheletter"d". Whenaforceisexertedonabody: (a)Foragivenmass,thelargertheforce,thelargertheacceleration. (b)Foragivenforce,thelargerthemass,thelargertheacceleration. (c)Foragivenmass,thelargertheimpulse,thelargerthechangeinthevelocity. 20.AnnieOakleyfromtheBuffaloBilltravelingcircustakesashotwithherriflebarrelina perfectlyhorizontalorientation.Theriflebarrelisataheightof1.50maboveground level,andtheinitialvelocityofthebulletis:vX=530m/s;vY=zero.Assheshoots,she accidentallydropsacartridgethatshehadplaced(forlateruse)ontopofthehatthatshe waswearing.Thebulletthatdropsfromthehatstartsofffromaheightof1.60mabove groundlevel,anditsinitialvelocityisvX=zero;vY=zero.Ifweassumethatthereisno airresistanceoneitherofthetwobullets,whichbulletwillhitthegroundfirst? (a)thebulletthatwasshot (b)thebulletthatwasdropped (c)Bothwillreachthegroundatthesametime.

21.Askijumperislandingwithalinearvelocityvectorv.Wewanttobreakdownthe velocityvectorintotwocomponents.Whichofthefollowingisacorrectbreakingdown ofvectorvintotwocomponentsc1andc2? (a)(b)(c)(d) 22.Thearmofasoftballpitcherisrotatingat835degrees/s.Thedistancebetweenher shoulderandtheballis0.67m.Whatisthelinearvelocityoftheball? (a)between0.00m/sand1.00m/s (b)between1.01m/sand3.00m/s (c)between3.01m/sand6.00m/s (d)between6.01m/sand10.00m/s (e)morethan10.01m/s 23.Theweightofanygivenbodywillbe: (a)largerontheEarththanonthemoon. (b)thesameeverywhereintheUniverse. (c)largeronthemoonthanontheEarth. 24.Onesecondbeforeaswimmertouchedtheendofthepoolnearthehalfwaypointofa 100mraceina50meterswimmingpool,hervelocitywas2.40m/s.Twosecondsafter touchingtheendofthepool,hervelocitywas3.35m/s.Whatwasheraverage accelerationduringthatwholeperiodoftime? (a)between5.00m/s2and0.50m/s2 (b)between0.49m/s2and+0.10m/s2 (c)between+0.11m/s2and+0.50m/s2 (d)between+0.51m/s2and+2.00m/s2 (e)between+2.01m/s2and+5.00m/s2 25.Linearkinematicsstudiestranslationanditscauses. (a)TRUE (b)FALSE 1.Afterafullinhalationofair,somemenstillsinkinfreshwater. (a)TRUE (b)FALSE 2.Whataretheunitsforangularmomentum? (a)Kg m2/s2 (b)Kg m2 (c)Kg m/s (d)Kg m2/s (e)N m 3.Inthesequenceshownbelow,thejumperflexedhiskneesandhipbetweenimages6and 7.Ifhehadkepthislegsstraightandinthesameorientationasinimage6,atthetimeof image7hisheadwouldhavebeen: (a)fartherdownandtotheleftthanintheoriginaljump. (b)inthesameplaceasintheoriginaljump. (c)fartherupandtotherightthanintheoriginaljump. 4.Ingeneral,oneshouldexpectabodybuildertofloat: (a)betterthanmostotherpeople. (b)justaswellasotherpeople.

(c)worsethanmostotherpeople. 5.NameonequantitywhichcouldbeappropriatelymeasuredinN m s. (a)power (b)work (c)angularimpulse (d)angularvelocity (e)torque 6.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisFALSE? (a)Thecenterofmass(c.m.)istheaveragepositionofthemassofabody. (b)Duringtheairbornephaseinthecourseofajump,ifyouraiseyourarms,thec.m.of thewholebodywillgodownasareaction. (c)Thec.m.canbeoutsidethematerialofthebody. (d)Inastandingposition,thec.m.ofapersonwithfatthighsandthinarmswill generallybelowerthanthatofapersonofthesamestandingheightbutwhohasthin thighsandfatarms. 7.ApersonistryingtocloseadoorbymakingaforceF1=87Natadistanced1=0.50m fromthedoorhinge.AnotherpersonistryingtoopenthedoorbymakingaforceF2= 135Natadistanced2=0.31mfromthedoorhinge(seesketchbelow).Whatwill happen? (a)Thedoorwillopen. (b)Thedoorwillclose. (c)Thedoorwillremainhalfopenata stalemate. 8.Aftertakeoff,onthewayuptothebar,ahighjumper: (a)gainspotentialenergy,whilekineticenergystaysconstant. (b)losesbothpotentialenergyandkineticenergy. (c)gainspotentialenergy,andloseskineticenergy. (d)losespotentialenergy,andgainskineticenergy. (e)losespotentialenergy,whilekineticenergystaysconstant. 9.(Forthisquestion,assumethatairresistanceforcesarenegligible.) Itispossibletochangethepathofthehipswhileapersonisairborne. (a)TRUE (b)FALSE 10.(Inthisquestion,donotignoretheeffectsoffluidforces.)Ifatabletennisballhas topspin,thespin: (a)willkeepitintheairlonger. (b)willbringitdowntothetablesooner. (c)willnothaveanyeffectonthetimethattheballwillspendintheair. 11.(Forthisquestion,thinkoftheverticalaccelerationoftheperson.)Inthesequence shownbelow,attheinstantthatthecenterofgravityreacheditslowestposition (somewherebetweenimages4and5),theupwardverticalforceexertedbythegroundon thejumperwas: (a)largerthantheperson'sweight. (b)equaltotheperson'sweight. (c)smallerthantheperson'sweight.

12.Awomanislyinginaperfectlystaticpositiononherback,ontopofahorizontal wooden board.(Seetheroughsketchbelow.)Theboardisrestingonablockofwoodatoneend, andonaweighingscaleattheotherend.ThemassofthepersonismP=48Kg;the lengthoftheboardisL=4.00m;thereadingonthescaleplacedundertheedgeofthe boardclosesttoherheadis315N;whenthepersongetsofftheboard,thereadingonthe scaledecreasesto45N.Calculatethedistancebetweenthec.m.ofthepersonandthe edgeoftheboardclosesttothefeet. NOTE:Theforceregisteredbythescalehasbeenalteredfromthevaluethatitwould havehadinreallife,topreventyoufromguessingyouranswerbyestimatingthedistance betweenthefeetandthewaistoftheperson:Youhavetousemathematicstocalculate youranswer! HINT:Thetotaltorqueexertedonthepersonplusboardsystemwithrespecttothe edgeoftheboardclosesttothefeetmustbezero.Whenthepersonisofftheboard,the totaltorqueexertedontheboardmustalsobezero. Thedistancebetweenthec.m.ofthe personandtheedgeoftheboardclosest tothefeetis: (a)between0.00mand0.70m. (b)between0.71mand1.20m. (c)between1.21mand1.70m. (d)between1.71mand2.25m. (e)morethan2.26m. 13.Ifanindividualhasabodyvolumeof62litersandaweightof650Newtons,thisperson willfloatinfreshwater. (a)TRUE (b)FALSE 14.Inslowconcentricconditions,themaximumforcethatamusclecanexertis _______________theforcethatitcanexertinfastconcentricconditions. (a)smallerthan (b)largerthan (c)thesameas 15.Apersondrawsabowstring,andshootsanarrowatabirdthatispassingdirectly overhead,butmisses.Whichofthefollowingsequencesdefinesbesttheenergy transformationsthattakeplace? (a)elastic>chemical>kinetic>potential (b)potential>chemical>kinetic>elastic (c)chemical>potential>kinetic>elastic (d)chemical>elastic>kinetic>potential (e)potential>elastic>kinetic>potential 16.Agymnastismakingmanybouncesonatrampoline.Atwhatinstantofeachcomplete jumpcyclewillkineticenergybelargest? (a)whenthegymnast'sc.m.isatthelowestpointofitsmotion (b)whenthegymnast'sc.m.isatthehighestpointofitsmotion (c)whenthegymnast'sfeetarebarelyoffthesurfaceofthetrampoline (d)whenthegymnast'sc.m.ishalfwaybetweenthelowestandhighestpointsofits

motion 17.Thegymnastinthedrawingismaintainingherpositionwithoutanymotion atall.Whatmusclesareactingatthehipjointwhilethegymnastmaintains thisposition?(NOTE:Afreebodydiagramofthelegsshouldhelpyouto decide.) (a)themusclesmarkedas"a"inthedrawing (b)themusclesmarkedas"b"inthedrawing (c)neitherthemusclesmarkedas"a"noras"b"inthedrawing 18.Thedrawingsbelowshowthehandofaswimmeranditsdirectionofmotion(v) through thestillwater.Indicatewhichdrawingshowsthecorrectdirectionsforthelift(L)and drag(D)forcesexertedbythewateronthehand. (a)(b)(c)(d)(e) 19.Abasketballplayeristryingtointerceptahighflyingballwithherrighthand.Whichof thefollowingwillNOThelphertoreachit: (a)loweringherheadasherrighthandgetsneartheball (b)obtaining,throughhertakeoff,ahighparabolafortheairbornepathofherc.m. (c)makinglargedownwardforcesonthegroundwithherfeetduringthetakeoffphase (d)liftingoneofherkneesasherrighthandgetsneartheball 20.Inanarmwrestlingcontest,theloser'smusclesthatareinvolvedintheefforthave predominantly: (a)eccentricmuscleactivity. (b)concentricmuscleactivity. (c)nomuscleactivity. 21.Itispossibleforapersontochangethespeedofrotationofthebodyafterleavingthe ground. (a)TRUE (b)FALSE 22.TheequationE=1/2mv2expresses: (a)potentialenergy. (b)rotationalkineticenergy. (c)elasticenergy. (d)translationalkineticenergy. (e)chemicalenergy. 23.Inthedrawingshownbelow,thesubjectisholdingthedumbbellstaticallyinplace.The crossindicatesthepositionofthecenterofmassoftheupperarm+forearm+hand system.Themassoftheupperarm+forearm+handsystemwas8Kg,andthetension exertedbytheshouldermusclewas450N. Thevaluesofthedistancesshownwere:d1 =0.04m;d2=0.20m;d3=0.31m. Calculatetheupwardforceexertedbythe handonthedumbbell. (HINTS:First,makeafreebodydiagram oftheupperarm+forearm+handsystem donotmakethedumbbellbepartofthe system.)

(a)between0Nand80N (b)between81Nandl40N (c)between141Nand180N (d)between181Nand210N (e)largerthan211N 24.Apersoniscarryingtwobucketsofwateronapole.Theweightofoneofthebucketsis W1=250N,anditisatadistanced1=1.60metersfromthemidlineoftheperson.The otherbucketweighsW2=180N.Where shouldthesecondbucketbeplaced,onthe othersideofthebody,forthebucketstobe balanced?Thesecondbucketshouldbeata distanceof_______fromthemidlineofthe body. (a)between0.00mand0.50m (b)between0.51mand0.80m (c)between0.81mand1.60m (d)between1.61mand2.50m (e)morethan2.51m 25.Theactionofamuscleissaidtobeeccentricwhen: (a)themusclemaintainsthesamelengthwhileitisactivated. (b)themusclelengthenswhileitisactivated. (c)themuscletensionforcepassesthroughthecenterofthejoint. (d)themuscleshortenswhileitisactivated. (e)both(c)and(d). 1.Thesupportphaseofarunningstephastobeexecutedinsuchawaythatthec.m.will reachatleastacertainmoderateheightinthenonsupportphasethatfollows.Themain purpose(goal)ofthisisto: (a)givetherecoverylegenoughtimeduringthenonsupportphasetomoveforwardand thentomoveactivelybackwardrelativetothebodybeforethestartofthenext supportphase. (b)givetherunneralargerdownwardverticalvelocityjustbeforestartingthenext supportphase. (c)increasethehorizontalpropulsiveforceinthesecondhalfofthesupportphase. (d)givetherunnerasmallerdownwardverticalvelocityjustbeforestartingthenext supportphase. 2.Thesketchbelowshowsthepathfollowedbyadiscusafterrelease.Lookcarefullyat thedirectionofmotionandtheangleofthediscus,andstateifthereis: (a)aliftforceexertedonthediscus,markedby vector"a". (b)aliftforceexertedonthediscus,markedby vector"b". (c)aliftforceexertedonthediscus,markedby vector"c". (d)aliftforceexertedonthediscus,markedby vector"d".

(e)noliftforceexertedonthediscus. 3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisFALSE?Insprinting,itisgoodto: (a)fullyextendthekneeofthesupportlegattheendofthesupportphase. (b)bringtheswinginglegactivelydownwardandbackwardimmediatelybeforeit makescontactwiththeground. (c)liftthekneeoftheswingingleg. (d)reachforwardwiththefootoftheswingingleg,tomakeitlandasfaraspossible aheadofthebody. 4.Whatisthemainadvantagethattallhighjumpershaveovershorthighjumpers? (a)Thecentersofmassoftallhighjumpersstarttheirparabolasatagreaterheight. (b)Atallhighjumpershouldgenerallybeexpectedtoachievealargerverticalvelocity. (c)Gravitypullsdownonthetallhighjumperswithasmallerforce. (d)Thetallhighjumperscanstayintheairforalongertime. 5.Considerahighjumperthattakesofffromtheleftleg(likealmostalltheexamplesgiven inclass).Ifthishighjumper,insteadofthenormalsomersaultingangularmomentum thathighjumpersget,obtainedonlylateralsomersaultingangularmomentum(andzero forwardsomersaultingangularmomentum),inwhichofthepositionsshownbelow wouldthetrunkbeatthepeakofthejump?(Thedrawingsshowviewsseenfrom overhead,andthesmallcirclerepresentstheathleteshead.) (a)(b)(c)(d)(e) 6.Ahighjumperwastryingtoclearthebar.Intheviewseeninthefigurebelow,the jumperwasrotatingcounterclockwise.Thejumperthenmovedthearmsintheform showninthedrawing.Thisactionofthearms: (a)increasedtheoverallspeedofrotationofthe wholebody. (b)madethelegsmoveupfaster. (c)madethelegsslowdowntheircounterclockwise rotation. (d)didnotaffectthemotionsofthelegs. 7.Whichofthefollowingfactorscan'tcontributetoproduceabadbarclearanceinhigh jumping?Ifallofthemcancontributetoproduceabadbarclearance,answer"e". (a)poortimingofthearching/unarching (b)largemomentofinertiaaboutthetransverseaxis (c)asmallamountofangularmomentum (d)weakarchingoverthebar 8.Theforcesexertedbythewateronthehandsofaswimmerwhousesthefrontcrawl techniqueare: (a)propulsiveanddrag. (b)resistiveandlift. (c)resistiveanddrag. (d)propulsive,liftanddrag. (e)propulsiveandlift. 9.Themainobjectiveofasprinterduringthegroundsupportphaseis: (a)toincreasethestridelength. (b)tominimizetheairresistanceforce. (c)toincreasethestridefrequency.

(d)tominimizegroundbrakingforcesandmaximizegroundpropulsiveforces. 10.Inlongjumping,themainreasonwhyitisimportanttohaveafastapproachrunis that: (a)itwillallowyoutohavemoreleftoverhorizontalvelocitybythetimeyouleavethe ground. (b)itwilldecreasethebrakingofhorizontalvelocitythatoccursduringthetakeoff phase. (c)itwillincreasetheheightthatyourc.m.parabolawillreachafteryouleavethe ground. (d)itwillstimulatethemusclesofyourtakeoffleg. 11.Inthesequenceshownbelow,ifthearmsofthejumperweretoswingviolently clockwisefromthepositionthattheyhaveinimage7,toapositionbehindthebody,the feetofthejumperwouldland: (a)atthesamedistancefromthepointoftakeoffasintheoriginaljump. (b)nearertothepointoftakeoffthanintheoriginaljump. (c)fartherfromthepointoftakeoffthanintheoriginaljump. 12.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisFALSE?Ifallofthemaretrue,answer"e". Thelateralleanthatahighjumperhasattheendoftherunup: (a)contributestomakethec.m.ofthejumperbeloweratthestartofthetakeoffphase. (b)helpstoincreasetheverticalrangeofmotionavailabletothec.m.duringthetakeoff phase. (c)indirectlyhelpstheathletetobeverticalattheendofthetakeoffphase. (d)isaffectedbothbythecurvatureoftherunupandbythespeedoftherunup. 13.Inthefrontcrawlswimmingtechnique,thetrunkshouldbekeptalignedwiththe directionoftherace,inorderto: (a)minimizetheresistiveforcesexertedonthetrunk. (b)maximizethepropulsiveforcesexertedonthearms. (c)minimizetheresistiveforcesexertedontheheadduringbreathing. (d)maximizethepropulsiveforcesexertedonthelegs. 14.Longjumpersshouldberecommendedtotryto"paw"backwardonthegroundasthey plantthetakeofffoot. (a)TRUE (b)FALSE 15.Theheightreachedbyahighjumperisdeterminedmainlyby: (a)theverticalvelocityofthehighjumperattakeoff. (b)thesizeoftheresultantvelocityofthehighjumperattakeoff. (c)themassofthehighjumper. (d)thehorizontaldisplacementofthehighjumperwhilethebodyisintheair. (e)thehorizontalvelocityofthehighjumperattakeoff. 16.Duringanormallongjumptakeoffphase,theathletewilltryto: (a)gainasmuchverticalvelocityaspossible. (b)gainasmuchverticalvelocityaspossible,whilelosingaslittlehorizontalvelocityas possible. (c)gainasmuchhorizontalvelocityaspossible,whilelosingaslittleverticalvelocityas possible. (d)gainasmuchhorizontalvelocityaspossible.

17.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisFALSE?Ifyouthinkthattheyarealltrue,answer "e". (a)Attheendoftherunupahighjumpershouldberunningratherfast. (b)Inthefirsthalfofthetakeoffphaseofahighjump,theathleteshouldmakealarge efforttryingtoresistagainsttheflexingofthetakeoffleg. (c)Duringthetakeoffphase,ahighjumpershouldswingthearmsveryhard. (d)Attheendoftherunupthehipsofahighjumpershouldberatherlow. 18.Inaviewfromtherightsideofalongjumper,theangularmomentumoftheathletewill usuallybe____________________duringtheairbornephase. (a)counterclockwise (b)zero (c)clockwise 19.Duringthesecondhalfofthetakeoffphaseofahighjump,thequadricepsmusclesof the takeofflegaremostlyin: (a)eccentricconditions. (b)isometricconditions. (c)concentricconditions. 20.Onaballthathastopspin,theMagnuseffectwill: (a)tendtomakeitcomedowntothegroundlaterthanifithadhadnospin. (b)tendtomakeitcomedowntothegroundearlierthanifithadhadnospin. (c)havenoeffectonthetimethattheballwillbeintheair. 21.Thefourdrawingsbelowshowasideviewoftheunderwaterpatternofmotionofa butterflystyleswimmer'shandrelativetothewater.Thesubjectisswimmingfromleft toright.Eachdrawingshowsadifferentorientationofthehandatasinglepointofits path.Indicatewhichhandorientationwouldbemostadvantageousfortheswimmer. (HINT:Drawtheliftanddragforcesforeachdrawing,andthenseewhichofthehand orientationsprovidesaresultantforcethatismostcloselyalignedwiththedirectionof therace.) (a)(b)(c)(d) 22.Duringthefirsthalfofthetakeoffphaseofahighjump,thequadricepsmusclesofthe takeofflegaremostlyin: (a)eccentricconditions. (b)isometricconditions. (c)concentricconditions. 23.Ahighjumpershouldplantthetakeofffoot: (a)alignedwiththefinaldirectionoftherunup. (b)toeingin(i.e.,pigeontoed)relativetothefinaldirectionoftherunup. (c)toeingoutrelativetothefinaldirectionoftherunup. 24.Inthebreaststrokeswimmingtechnique,thehandsmove: (a)outward,backwardandinwardrelativetothebody,andalsorelativetothewater. (b)outwardandinwardrelativetothebody,andalsorelativetothewater. (c)outward,backwardandinwardrelativetothebody,butoutwardandinwardrelative tothewater. (d)outwardandinwardrelativetothebody,butoutward,backwardandinwardrelative tothewater.

25.Asprintercoveredthefinal20metersofa100meterracein2.3seconds.Thewindwas blowinginthesamedirectionastheracewasrun,ataspeedof3.9m/s.Theforce exertedbytheairontherunner: (a)pointedinthedirectionoftherace. (b)pointedagainstthedirectionoftherace. (c)waszero.