Overloading Control in Nepal

Dr. Padma Bahadur Shahi Road Safety Specialist, STEP

Acknowledgement
ADB Project Directorate DoR and its Professionals consultation Consultants team of ST P for

Presentation Content
Background! ST P
"imitations of t#e stud$
All t#e finding s are %ased on secondar$ data &ield visits were conducted on ST P Road projects Overloading mitigation for Strategic Road Network

Overloading and its Relevance Report on 'Overloading Summar$

(itigation)

Overloading control
Road safet$! Save life of people *fatal accidents+ Pavement damage! Save Pu%lic mone$ ,n#ealt#$ competition among #aulers
Overloaded trucks are costl$ to maintain and operate---

Overloading is t#e illegal ever$w#ere in t#e world

But status of implementation is t#e .uestion

C/AA #as instructed 0overnment t#at overloaded ve#icles at customs c#eckpoints would %e dealt wit# on t#e post

/n /ndia! /ndia! Overloaded trucks will now %e fined 12 times t#e toll

Overloaded 3e#icles Overloaded Vehicles: Buses & Trucks

Overloading Trucks
T#e$ are most vulnera%le for road %locks4 accidents4 and Cause of premature pavement failure

Overloading

Transport efficiency

[High profits (for haulers)]

( o!er co""odity prices)

Overloading
Da"aged #oad pave"ent

$ore invest"ent on reha% & reconstruction

[High #oad &ser 'osts]

()cono"y do!n turn*

Overloading! t#e safet$ issue

T#e overloaded ve#icle %ecomes less sta%le4 difficult to steer and will take longer to stop5 Overloaded ve#icles cause t#e t$res to over#eat and wear rapidl$ w#ic# increases t#e c#ance of premature failure or %low6outs5 T#e driver)s control on t#e overloaded ve#icle is reduced4 en#ancing t#e c#ances for an accident5

 T#e overloaded ve#icle cannot accelerate as normal4 making it difficult to manoeuvre5 T#e w#ole suspension s$stem comes under stress and wit# time4 t#e weakest and most stressed point can give wa$5

Overloading! our conte7t

25.00 Front axle, T 20.00 15.00 10.00 5.00 0.00
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

Rear axle, T

GVW, T

Average of front axle: Average of rear axle: Average GVW: Percentage above 10.2 T:

5.69 T 11.71 T 17.40 T 84% (rear axle only)

35 Front axle, T 30 25 20 15 10 5 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051525354555657585960616263646566676869707172737475767778

Rear axle 1, T

Rear axle 2. T

GVW, T

Average of front axle: Average of rear axle1: Average of rear axle 2: Average GVW: Percentage exceeding the 25 T:

6.18 T 9.11 T 9.42 T 24.71 T 37%

3e#icle composition! Birgunj6 Birgunj6Pat#lai$a

Heavy Truck (three or more axle) Truck
19.07% 35.56% Minitruck

13.92%

Large bus

3.43% 14.46% 9.87% 2.25%

Mini bus

Micro bus

Car/Utility Van 1.44% MC

Heavy Truck (three or more axle)

Truck
Minitruck 12.01% 10.02% 49.33% 7.36% 1.40% Mini bus Large bus

Micro bus 15.83% 2.92% 1.14% Car/Utility Van

MC

Regulator$ Provisions
Pu%lic Roads Act68291 *PRA+! second amendment 82:: 3e#icle and Transport (anagement Act6 82;< *3T(A+! &irst amendment 82=2 Nepal Roads Board Act682=> *NRBA+! 3e#icle and Transport (anagement Regulation 82=; *3T(R+! T#ird amendment National Transport Polic$682=> Twent$ ?ear Road Plan6 8221 *(inistr$ of P#$sical Planning @ AorksBDOR+ Ceav$ 3e#icle management Polic$

Some provisions
Vehicle and Transport Management Regulation- !"# $Para %&' has classified freight (ehicle as per their load carrying capacity. Pro(ision of fine) VTM*- !#+ $Para %&!' mentions the pro(ision of fine ranging from Rs. "!! to Rs. !!! on the (iolation of o(erloading $Para %%,' of the *ct.
Pu-lic Road *ct $para %&*' mentioned a-out the ceiling of the .eight.

Pu-lic Road *ct $para /!') 0f a person plies a motor (ehicle .ith more .eight in contra(ention of Section %&*, such person shall -e punished .ith a fine of up to T.o Thousand Rupees

Some provisions55
Roads Board Act68228 *para 8=6e+! Roads Board Nepal #as t#e provision of funding for t#e enforcement of prescri%ed standards in regard to pa$ load capacit$ and per a7le load of t#e motor ve#icle5 C3(P! mentions a%out t#e overloading control %$ 03A as per w#eel configuration C3(P! Overloading control measures!
ducational nforcement ngineering

C3(P! ela%orates t#e range of fines for overloaded ve#icles

Some provisionsD
National Transport Polic$!
Overloading @ roadwort#iness Standard of transport services! Onl$ mini trucks are allowed along #ill Roads

Nepal twent$ $ear road Plan!

(entions t#e responsi%ilities of DoT( and DoR ta%lis#ment of Traffic management cell in DoT(

Cowever! Not#ing #as %een done till t#e

date

T#ere are some operating Aeig#%ridges %$ t#e Transport entrepreneurs) association at various location for t#eir purpose of s#aring t#e freig#t weig#t5

Receipt

Private Aeig#%ridge! B#aratpur

T#e$ sustain wit# t#e fee collected from t#e weig#ing t#e trucks

"imitations of e7isting regulator$ measures

7isting transport polic$4 plan4 and legal documents #ave pronounced t#e pro%lems associated wit# t#e overloading5 T#e legal actions #ave %een also set up in 3T(A5 Cowever4 t#e implementation of t#e strateg$ and action plan $et to %e formulated for t#e control of overloading ve#icles in Nepal5

"imitation of regulations55
7isting transport polic$4 plan4 and legal documents #ave pronounced t#e pro%lems associated wit# t#e overloading5 T#e legal actions #ave %een also set up in 3T(A5 Cowever4 t#e implementation of t#e strateg$ and action plan $et to %e formulated for t#e control of overloading ve#icles in Nepal Aut#orities do not #ave staff and resources for monitoring t#e overloadingE t#erefore it #as not %een implemented %$ t#ese aut#orities5

"imitation of regulations
The monitoring, controlling and implementing the overloading mitigation is the combined effort of technical and administrative process along with the enforcement mechanism Thus the axle load limit mentioned in the regulatory documents be further elaborated in terms of GVW

"imitation of regulations DD5

Existing legal provisions neither specifically recognize axle load overloading as an offence requiring punitive actions nor is there sufficient understanding of the consequences of overloaded axle to the road structures. The monitoring, controlling and implementing the overloading mitigation is the combined effort of technical and administrative process along with the enforcement mechanism. The technical aspect of the issue is the availability of reliable weighing mechanism to identifying overloading pattern.

"imitation of regulations DD5

The axle load measurement is relatively troublesome process than the gross vehicle weight. The gross vehicle weight limitation has not been mentioned in any regulatory documents The concerned, authorities do not have adequate human resources as well as implementing personnel in the case of violation of the gross vehicle weight or axle load.

"imitation of regulations DD5

The existing legal documents and policy matters do not address the major stakeholders who are directly related to the heavy vehicle operation. Collaboration and cooperation with these stakeholders would be a better approach for the implementation of such policy matters.

Country South Africa Lesotho Bostswana Swaziland Malawi Zimbabwe Mozambique USA Canada Germany Switzerland UK Autralia India (IRC 3-1983)

Single, kg 9000 8200 8200 8200 9000 7700 10000 9000 9100 10000 10000 10500 9000 10200

Tandem, kg 18000 16400 16400 16400 18000 16400 16000 18000 17100 11500 18000 20300 16500 18000

Tridem, kg 24000 21000 24600 21000 24600 24600 22000 20000 24000 21000 22500 20000 -

Max GCM, kg 56000 49000 50200 49000 55000 48700 38000 36000 53500 40000 28000 38000 44000 52200

Max Length, m 22 20 22 20 18.3 18 18 25.9 25 18 18 18 17.5 18

3e#icle t$pe and ma7 permissi%le 03A

Vehicle Type Type 2 (Both axle single tyre) Type 2 (FA single tyre; RA dual tyre) Type 3 Type 2-S1 Type 2-S2 Type 3-S1 Type 3-S2 Type 2-2 Type 3-2 Type 2-3 Type 3-3

Maximum Gross Vehicle Weight, tones 12 16.2 25 26.4 35.2 35.2 44 36.6 45.4 45.4 54.2

Maximum Axle Weight Truck/Tractor Trailer FAW RAW FAW 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 10.2 19 (TA) 10.2 10.2 19 (TA) 19 (Ta) 10.2 19 (TA) 10.2 19(TA)

RAW

10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2

10.2 19 (TA) 10.2 19 (TA) 10.2 10.2 19 (TA) 19(TA)

Damaging effect of overloading

Over loading control

Vehicle overloading Control

Policy Formulation

Classification of roadnetwork

Review of Acts & Regulations

Determination of control points

Installation of weigh ridge "ffective guidelines for implementation

!peration and maintenance of weigh ridges

"nforcement

Stakeholders participation

/ssue is not so simple

Overloading control and road categor$ Operation guidelines for weig#%ridge National Transport Policy:
To manage as fully to permit only light vehicles and minibuses mini-trucks on the road of remote hilly regions. To operate the appropriate axle load system vehicles to reduce load on roads.

Conceptual model for weig#%ridge station as per Road network

Aeig#%ridge! for overloading control "ocation of Aeig#%ridge station along road network Selection of weig#%ridge t$pe

ST P #as started t#e procurement of Aeig#%ridges at

Furintar *Prit#ivi Cig#wa$+ Pat#lai$a Nort# * 6A Cig#wa$+ (irc#ai$a *(irc#ai$a G Fatari Road+ Fo#alpur *Ratna Rajmarga+ Panc#k#al *Arniko Cig#wa$+

Selection of weig#%ridge
National strateg$! %udget and plans Operational strateg$! PrioritiHation and road network conditions

T$pes of weig#%ridge
Fixed Weighbridge Type of weighbdidges Easy to operate Minimum personnel Cargo-offloading High installation cost Method of weighing Static More precision Accelerated for legal enforcement Slower Dynamic Rapid monitoring lower precision Not acceptable for enforcement Limited placement Easiest to operate Highest level of precision Can weigh and register axle groups Rapid monitoring Requires large installation Minimum disruption of commercial traffic Lowest accuracy Mobile weighbdrideg Wide coverage Difficult site selection High operating cost Equipment easily damaged Police cooperation Traffic disruption Lowest investment Optimal for enforcement

Requires careful direction of Excellent for statistical monitoring vehicles Generally not acceptable enforcement

Aeig#%ridge operation
Develop Weighbridge stations as the coordination centre for highway patrol, safety and data collection centers for planning Operational guidelines:
Legislative guidelines Procedural guidelines Institutional, management and maintenance guidelines

Aeig#%ridge station
Aork indenpendentl$

Aeig#%ridge! Operation and management Forms of private sector involvement in public sector projects
Service contract: Management contract: Lease contract: Concession: (BOOT) etc Full privatization

Dimension control! anot#er aspect

Tripper (Sand)

1.4

3.5 6.5

1.6

2.0

3.6 6.6

1.0

2.3

4.8 8.1

1.0

Type 2

Type 2 Type 2

Petrol/diesel

1.9

4.1 7.0

1.0

4.3

5.85 12.15

2.0

Type 2

Type 2

Dimensions

Petrol/diesel

2.2 1.45 1.70

1.1 3.05 9.5

2.2

1.45

4.0 9.0

1.35

2.6

1.4

4.25 9.25

1.0

Auto wheel lifting truck

Type 3

Type 3

2.5 1.35

6.25 14.5

3.25

1.15

2.15 1.4

4.25 9.0

1.2

Type 2-S2

Type 3

Turning Radius

Recommendations
The existing legal axle-load should be elaborated for the overloading control. The gross vehicle weight (GVW) is the most appropriate method for the overloading control which can be defined (limiting) on the basis of wheel configuration for the particular type of vehicle. to amend of some legal issues *3T( Act4 Rules+ to conduct phase wise consultation with stakeholders (mainly transport entrepreneurs' organizations) for their support (cooperation and collaboration) in overloading control to prepare the guidelines for weighbridge operation, defining the roles and responsibilities of each authorities.

Aa$ &orward
Conduct more stud$ on loading pattern sta%lis# Aeig#%ridges after anal$Hing t#e road pavement structure &urt#er develop t#e Aeig#%ridge station as t#e 'Road transport coordination center)
Coordination of stake#olders on all efforts!
road asset management4 overloading control Traffic stud$ Cig#wa$ crime Trauma center of first aid facilities tc5

Overloading of Passenger %uses 3e#icle dimension control Pu%lic awareness campaign

Caulers4 general pu%lic4 stake#olders etc