1

DEC-2012 Physical Sciences

Booklet Series (A) Solved
Part-A
1. A granite block of 2m 5m 3 m size is cut into 5 cm thick slabs of 2m5m size. These slabs are laid over a
2 m wide pavement. What is the length of the pavement that can be covered with these slabs?
(a) 100 m (b) 200 m (c) 300 m (d) 500 m
Soln. Let number of slabs is n.
Thus, 253 =
5
n 2 5
100

; n 60 =
Area covered by 60 slabs = 6025 m
2
.
Length of pavement =
2
60 2 5 m
2 m

= 300 m
Correct option is (c)
2. Which is the least among the following?
0.33 0.44 1/ 1/e
0.33 , 0.44 , , e
t
t
(a) 0.33
0.33
(b) 0.44
0.44
(c)
1/ t
t (d)
1/e
e

Soln. ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1 4 1 1
3 9 e
1 1
e
0.33 0.44 1 4 1 1
0.33 ; 0.44 ; ; e
3 9 e
t

t
| | | | | | | |
= = t = =
| | | |
t
\ . \ . \ . \ .
All terms are of the form:
x
y x =
( )
x
1 dy dy
ny x nx nx 1 x nx 1
y dx dx
= = + = +
For maxima or minima,
dy 1
0 nx 1 0 x
dx e
= + = =
Since,
2
2
1
x
e
d y
positive
dx
=
=
So, f(x) = x
2
has minima at
1
x
e
=
Correct option is (d)
3. What is the next number in this see and tell sequence?
1 11 21 1211 111221 _________
(a) 312211 (b) 1112221 (c) 1112222 (d) 1112131
Soln. Correct option is (a)
4. A vertical pole of length a stands at the centre of a horizontal regular hexagonal ground of side a. A rope
that is fixed taut in between a vertex on the ground and the tip of the pole has a length.
(a) a (b)
2 a
(c)
3 a
(d)
6 a
Soln. Using pythogorus theorem,
2
F D
F C
A B
T
B
a
T
B
A
a
2 2 2 2 2
AT AB BT ; AT 2a ; AT 2 a = + = =
Correct option is (b).
5. A peacock perched on the top of a 12 m high tree spots a snake moving towards its hole at the base of the tree
from a distance equal to thrice the height of the tree. The peacock flies towards the snake in a straight line and
they both move at the same speed. At what distance from the base of the tree will the peacock catch the snake?
(a) 16 m (b) 18 m (c) 14 m (d) 12 m
Soln. Distance travelled by peacock and snake must be same.
TC = BC
( )
2
2 2
12 x 36 x + =
T
12m
A B C x 36x
2 2
144 x 1296 72x x + = +
72x 1152 =
; x = 16
Correct option is (a).
6. The cities of a country are connected by intercity roads. If a city is directly connected to an odd number of
other cities, it is called an odd city. If a city is directly connected to an even number of other cities, it is called
an even city. Then which of the following is impossible?
(a) There are an even number of odd cities (b) There are an odd number of odd cities.
(c) There are an even number of even cities (d) There are an odd number of even cities.
Soln. Correct option is (b).
7. In the figure
ABC
2
t
Z =
, AD = DE = EB
What is the ratio of the area of triangle ADC to that of triangle CDB?
A D E B
C
(a) 1:1 (b) 1:2 (c) 1:3 (d) 1:4
Soln. Area of ( ) ADC Pythagorus theorem area of ABC A = area of DBC
= ( )
1 1
h 2x x hx
2 2
=
C
B E D A x x x
h
3
Area of ( )
1
CDB 2x h xh
2
A = =
Correct option is (b).
8. A rectangular sheet ABCD is folded in such a way that vertex A meets vertex C, thereby forming a line PQ.
Assuming AB = 3 and BC = 4, find PQ. NOte that AP = PC and AQ = QC.
D C
Q
P
A B
(a) 13/4 (b) 15/4 (c) 17/4 (d) 19/4
Soln. Correct option is (b).
9. A string of diameter 1 mm is kept on a table in the shape of a close flat spiral i.e. a spiral with no gap between
the turns. The area of the table occupied by the spiral is 1 m
2
. Then the length of the string is
(a) 10 m (b) 10
2
m (c) 10
3
m (d) 10
6
m.
Soln. Let the length of string is l m.
Thus,
( )
1
1 1000 m
1000
| |
= =
|
\ .

Correct option is (c)
10. 25% of 25% of a quantity is x% of the quantity where x is
(a) 6.25% (b) 12.5% (c) 25% (d) 50%
Soln. Let the given quantity is y.
25 25 X
x y y
100 100 100
| |
=
|
\ .
;
25
X X 6.25
4
= =
Correct option is (a)
11. In sequence {a
n
} every term is equal to the sum of all its previous terms.
If
n 1
0
n
n
a
a 3, then lim is :
a
+

=
(a) 3 (b) 2 (c) 1 (d) e
Soln. a
0
= 3; a
1
= a
0
= 3; a
2
= a
1
+ a
0
= 6; a
3
= a
0
+ a
1
+ a
2
= (a
0
+a
1
) + a
2
= 12.
( )
n 0 1 3 n 1 n 1
n n
n n
a a a a .......a a
lim lim
a a
+

+ + + +
=
n n n
n n
n n
a a 2a
lim lim 2
a a

+
= = =
Correct option is (b).
4
12. In the figure below, angle ABC = t/2. I, II, III are the areas of semicircles on the sides opposite angles B, A,
and C respectively. Which of the following is always true?
A
B
C
I
II
III
(a) II
2
+ III
2
= I
2
(b) II + III = I (c) II
2
+ III
2
> I
2
(d) II + III < I
Soln. Let length of AB is k and length of BC is h.
Thus,
2 2
AC h k = +
Area of I =
2 2 2 2
h k h k
2 2 2 4
| |
| | t + t +
= |
|
|
\ .
\ .
Area of II =
2
2
h h
2 2 2 4
| | t t | |
=
| |
\ .
\ .
Area of III =
2
2
k k
2 2 2 4
| | t t | |
=
| |
\ .
\ .
Area of II + area of III =
2 2 2 2
h k h k
area of I
2 4 4 2 4
| | | | t t +
+ = =
| |
\ . \ .
Correct option is (b).
13. What is the minimum number of days between one Friday the 13
th
and the next Friday the 13
th
? (Assume
that the year is a leap year).
(a) 28 (b) 56 (c) 91 (d) 84
Soln. Correct option is (c)
14. Suppose a person A is at the North-East corner of a square (see figure below). From that point he moves
along the diagonal and after covering 1/3
rd
portion of the diagonal, he goes to his left and after sometime he
stops, rotates 90 clockwise and moves straight. After a few minutes he stopes, rotates 180 anticlockwise.
Towards which direction he is facing now?
N
S
W E
A
(a) North-East (b) North-West (c) South-East (d) South-West
Soln. Correct option is (a)
15. Cucumber contains 99% water. Ramesh buys 100 kg of cucumbers. After 30 days of storing, the cucum-
bers lose some water. They now contain 98% water. What is the total weight of cucumbers now?
(a) 99 kg (b) 50 kg (c) 75 kg (d) 2 kg.
Soln. Water Cucumber Total weight
At the time of purchasing (99%) 99 kg (1%) 1 kg 100 kg
After 30 days (98%) 49 kg (2%) 1 kg 50 kg
Correct option is (b)
5
16. In a museum there were old coins with their respective years engraved on them, as follows
(a) 1837 AD (b) 1907 AD (c) 1947 AD (d) 200 BC
Soln. Option (d) is wrong because coins are not invented in 200 BC.
Correct option is (d).
17. A student observes the movement of four snails and plots the graphs of distance moved as a function of time
as given in figure (A), (B), (C) and (D).
D
i
s
t
a
n
c
e
D
i
s
t
a
n
c
e
D
i
s
t
a
n
c
e
D
i
s
t
a
n
c
e
(A) (B) (D)
Time Time Time Time
Which of the following is not correct?
(a) Graph (A) (b) Graph (B) (c) Graph (C) (d) Graph (D)
Soln. For a given time more than one distance as in graph C is not possible
Correct option is (c).
18. Find the missing letter:
A
?
Q
U
B
EGK
OJF
C
P
V
R
D
(a) H (b) L (c) Z (d) Y
Soln. Letters are arranged as
E O
G J
K F
+1
+4
+3
? P
U R
Q V
+1
+4
+3
So, the required letter is (22 + 4) letter of english alphabet i.e. Z.
Correct option is (c).
19. Consider the following equation
2 2 2
x 4y 9z 14x 28y 42z 147 + + = + +
where x, y and z are real numbers. Then the value of x 2y 3z is + +
(a) 7 (b) 14 (c) 21 (d) Not unique.
Soln.
2 2 2
x 4y 9z 14x 28y 42z 147 + + = + +
2 2 2
x 14x 4y 28y 9z 42z 147 0 + + + =
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
x 2.x.7 49 4y 2.2y.7 49 9z 2.3z.7 49 0 + + + + + =
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
x 7 2y 7 3z 7 0 + + =
6
Thus, each term must be separately zero.
7
x 7 0 x 7; 2y 7 0 y 1; 3z 7 0 z
3
= = = = = =
7 7
x 2y 3z 7 2 3 21
2 3
| | | |
+ + = + + =
| |
\ . \ .
Correct option is (c).
20. The map given below shows a meandering river following a semi-circular path, along which two villages are
located at A and B, the distance between A and B along the east-west direction in the map is 7 cm. What is the
length of the river between A and B in the ground?
SCALE = 1:50000
A B
N
(a) 1.1 km (b) 3.5 km (c) 5.5 km (d) 11.0 km
Soln. Actual distance between A and B = (750000) cm = 3.5 km
Length of the river from A to B in the ground =
3.5
km 5.5 km
2
| |
t =
|
\ .
Correct option is (c)
7
Part-B
21. A 22 matrix A has eigenvalues
i /5 i / 6
e and e
t t
. The smallest value of n such that A A
n
= 1 is:
(a) 20 (b) 30 (c) 60 (d) 120
Soln. A has eigenvalues
i i
5 6
e and e
t t
A
n
has eigenvalues
n n
i i
5 6
e and e
t t
So,
n
A = product of eigenvalues =
11n
i
30
e
t
Since,
( )
n n
i 11n /30 2m i
A I A 1
11n n 60
e 1 e 2m
30 m 11
t t
= =
t
= = = t =
So, the smallest value of 'n' is 60.
Correct option is (c)
22. The graph of the function f(x) as shown below is best described by
(a) The bessel function J
0
(x) (b) cos x
(b) e
x
cos x (d)
1
cos x
x
Soln. At ( )
0
x 0, Bessel function J x 1 = =
J
0
(x) has zeroes at x = 2.4048, 5.5201, 8.6537 ................... etc.
0
So, the graph is best described by J (x)
The other functions are following plots.
1
x
cosx
cosx

1
x
e cos
x
x

e cos
x
x
x

cos x
x
1
0 0 0
cos x
x
Correct option is (a).
8
23. In a series of five cricket matches, one of the captains calls Heads every time when the toss is taken. The
probability that he will win 3 times and lose 2 times is
(a) 1/8 (b) 5/8 (c) 3/16 (d) 5/16
Soln. Number of trials i.e. tosses n = 5
Number of success i.e. getting heads r = 3
Probability of success i.e. getting head in one trial p = 1/2
Probability of failure i.e. getting tail in one trial q = 1/2

2 2
5
3
1 1 5! 1 5.4 1 5
Required probability: P C
3 2 3!2! 32 2 32 16
| | | |
= = = =
| |
\ . \ .
Correct option is (d)
24. The unit normal vector at the point
a b c
, ,
3 3 3
| |
|
\ .
on the surface of the ellipsoid
2 2 2
2 2 2
x y z
1, is
a b c
+ + =
(a)
2 2 2

bci caj abk
a b c
+ +
+ +
(b)
2 2 2

ai bj ck
a b c
+ +
+ +
(c)
2 2 2

bi cj ak
a b c
+ +
+ +
(d)

i j k
3
+ +
Soln. Given surface of ellipsoid:
2 2 2
2 2 2
x y z
: 1
a b c
| + + =
Normal to the surface at point
a b c
, ,
3 3 3
| |
|
\ .
:
a b c
2 2 2
, ,
3 3 3
2x 2y 2z 2 2 2

i j k i j k
a b c 3 a 3 b 3 c
| |
|
\ .
V| = + + = + +

Unit normal vector to the surface at

a b c
, ,
3 3 3
| |
|
\ .
:
2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2
2 1 1 1

i j k

bci caj abk a b c 3
n
2 1 1 1
b c a c a b
a b c 3
| |
+ +
|
V| + +
\ .
= = =
V|
| | + +
+ +
|
\ .

Option (a) is correct but it is wrongly printed in the question.

9
25. A solid cylinder of height H, radius R and density , floats vertically on the surface of a liquid of density
0
.
The cylinder will be set into oscillatory motion when a small instantaneous downward force is applied. The
frequency of oscillation is
(a)
0
g
H

(b)
0
g
H

(c)
0
g
H

(d)
0
g
H

Soln.
fig(a) fig(b)
H
0
H
x
y
H
0
y
(a) Cylinder is partially submerged and in equilibrium
(b) Cylinder is not in equilibrium since the force of bouyancy on cylinder is not equal to weight of the cylinder.
( ) ( )
2
0 0
AH g AH g for equilibrium A R = = t
For a displacement y, the equation of motion is
( )
2
0 0
2
d y
AH AH g A H y g
dt
= +
( )
2
0 0 0 0 0
2
H y g H g y g d y
g g
H H H dt

= + = +

Since
0 0
H H =
2 2
0 0
2 2
g g d y d y
g g y; y
H H dt dt
| |
= + =
|

\ .
Acceleration in proportional to displacment, motion is simple harmonic
2 0 0
g g
H H

e = e=

Correct option is (d)
26. Three particles of equal mass m are connected by two identical massless springs of stiffness constant k as
shown in the figure.
k k
m m m
If x
1
, x
2
and x
3
denote the displacements of the masses from their respective equilibrium positions, the potential
energy of the system is:
(a) ( )
2 2 2
1 2 3
1
k x x x
2
+ +
(b) ( )
2 2 2
1 2 3 2 1 3
1
k x x x x x x
2
(
+ + +

(c) ( )
2 2 2
1 2 3 2 1 3
1
k x 2x x 2x x x
2
(
+ + + +

(d) ( )
2 2 2
1 2 3 2 1 3
1
k x 2x x 2x x x
2
(
+ + +

10
Soln. Potential energy = ( )
2
2 1
1
k x x first spring
2

Potential energy = ( )
2
3 2
1
k x x second spring
2

Potential energy of the system,
( ) ( )
2 2
2 1 3 2
1 1
k x x k x x
2 2
= +
2 2 2 2
1 2 1 2 2 3 2 3
1
k x x 2x x x x 2x x
2
(
= + + +

( )
2 2 2
1 2 3 2 1 3
1
k x 2x x 2x x x
2
(
= + + +

Correct option is (d)
27. Let v, p and E denotes the speed, the magnitude of the momentum, and the energy of a free particle of rest mass
m. Then
(a)
dE
constant
dp
=
(b) p mv = (c)
2 2 2
cp
v
p m c
=
+
(d)
2
E mc =
Soln. The energy of a particle of rest mass m is given by
2 2 2 4
E c p m c = +
The velocity of particle, v = v
g
= group velocity
=
2
2
2 2 2 4 2 2 2 2 2 2
1
2 c p
dE c p cp
2
dp
c p m c c p m c p m c

= = =
+ + +
Correct option is (c).
28. A binary star system consists of two stars S
1
and S
2
, with masses m and 2m respectively separated by a
distannce r. If both S
1
and S
2
individually follow circular orbits around the centre of the mass with intantaneous
speeds v
1
and v
2
respectively, the ratio of speeds v
1
/v
2
is:
(a)
2
(b) 1 (c) 1/2 (d) 2
Soln.
C.M.
r
r
1
r
2
2m m
Let centre of mass C.M. lie at a distance r
1
from m and r
2
from 2m, then by definition of C.M.
1 2
mr 2mr =
1 2 1
1 2
2
dr dr v 2m
m 2m ; mv 2mv ; 2
dt dt v m
= = = =
;
1
2
v
2
v
=
Correct option is (d)
11
29. Three charges are located on the circumference of a circle of radius R as shown in the figure below. The two
charges Q subtend an angle 90 at the centre of the circle .The charge q is symmetrically placed with respect
to the charges Q. If the electric field at the centre of the circle is zero, what is the magnitude of Q?
Q
Q
q
(a)
q/ 2
(b)
2q
(c) 2q (d) 4q
Soln. What is the value of Q such that electricfield at centre is zero?
Let radius of circle is R.
Electric field due to charge q at centre
1
2
0
q
E
4 R
=
tc

(up direction) ... (1)

Electric field due to both Q charges is
2 3
2
0
Q
E E
4 R
= =
tc

(aligned 45 from downward direction)
The resultant electric field of two Q charges will be in downward directions.
Q
Q
q
45 45
E
2
E
3
E
1
E sin45
2
E sin45
3
(E + E )cos45
2 3 Hence, 2 2
0 0
2Q 2Q 1
sin 45
4 R 4 R 2
=
tc tc
... (2)
From (1) and (2), electric fields must be equal
2 2
0 0
q 2Q 1
4 R 4 R 2
=
tc tc
q
Q
2
=
Correct option is (a)
30. Consider a hollow charged shell of inner radius a and outer radius b. The volume charge density is
( )
2
k
r
r
=
(where k is a constant) in the region a < r < b. The magnitude of the electric field produced at
distance r > a is:
(a)
( )
2
0
k b a
for r a
r

>
c
(b)
( )
2 2
0 0
k b a kb
for a r b and for r b
r r

< < >

c c
(c)
( ) ( )
2 2
0 0
k r a k b a
for a r b and for r b
r r

< < >
c c
(d)
( ) ( )
2 2
0 0
k r a k b a
for a r b and for r b
a a

< < >
c c
12
Soln.
2
k
a r b
r
= < <
Electric field for a < r < b
Charge enclosed by Gaussian surface
r
2
enc
2
a
k
q .4 r dr
r
= t
} = ( ) 4 k r a t
From Gauss law,
( )
2 enc
S
0 0
4 k r a q
E.dS E.4 r
t
= t =
c c
}

( )
2
0
k r a
E r for a<r<b
r

=
c

b
O
r
a
Gaussian
surface
Electric field for r > b
Now charge enclosed by Gaussian surface,
( )
b
2
enc
2
a
k
q .4 r dr 4 b a k
r
= t = t
}
( )
2 enc
S
0 0
4 b a k q
E.dS E.4 r
t
= t =
c c
}

b
O
r
a
Gaussian
surface
( )
2
0
k b a
E r r b
r

= >
c

Correct option is (c)

31. Consider the interference of two coherent electromagnetic waves whose electric field vectors are given
by
1 0

E iE cos t = e

and ( )
2 0

E jE cos t = e +

where is the phase difference. The intensity of the resulting

wave is given by
2 0
E
2
c
, where
2
E is the time average of E
2
. The total intensity is
(a) 0 (b)
2
0 0
E c (c)
2 2
0 0
E sin c (d)
2 2
0 0
E cos c
Soln. ( )
1 0 2 0

E iE cos t, E jE cos t = e = e +|

,
1 2
E E E = +

Intensity,
2 0
I E
2
c
=
2 2
1 2 0
E E E E 2E = + >=

No effect of phase ( ) | on average value of total electric field ( )
E

as electric fields are perpendicular to each

other.
Hence,
2 2 0
0 0 0
I 2E E
2
c
= = c
Correct option is (b)
13
32. Four charges (two +q and two q) are kept fixed at the four vertices of a square of side a as shown
P
q
q
q
q
a
R
At the point P which is at a distance R from the centre (R > > a), the potential is proportional to
(a)
1
R
(b)
2
1
R
(c)
3
1
R
(d)
4
1
R
Soln.
-q +q
-q +q
R
P
p
1
p
2

p
4

p
3

Monopole moment of this charge configuration = +qq+qq = 0

Dipole moment =
1 2 3 4
p p p p 0 + + + =

But quadrupole moment
0 =
hence, V for (R >> a),
3
1
V
R

Correct option is (c)

33. A point charge q of mass m is kept at a distance d below a grounded infinite conducting sheet which lies
in the xy-plane. What is the value of d for which the charge remains stationary?
(a)
0
q/4 mgtc (b)
0
q/ mgtc
(c) There is no finite value of d (d)
0
mg /q tc
Soln. Force on a point charge q due to infinite grounding conducting plane is given by
( )
2
2
0
1 q
upward direction
4 4d tc
... (1)
While its weight = mg (downward direction) ... (2)
V=0
d
+q
Upward coulomb force in equation (1) balances the
downward weight in equation (2) hence by (1) and (2), we get
2
2
0 0
1 q q
mg d
4 4d 4 mg
= =
tc tc
Correct option is (a).
14
34. The wave function of a state of the hydrogen atom is given by
200 211 210 21 1
2 3 2

= + + +
where
n m

denotes the normalized eigen function of the state with quantum numbers n, l and m in the usual
notation. The expectation value of L
z
in the state is:
(a)
15
16

(b)
11
16

(c)
3
8

(d)
8

Soln. The given wavefunction is

200 211 210 21 1
2 3 2

= + + +
The expectation value of L
z
is given by
2
z
z 2
C m
L
L
|
C

= =

=
( ) 1 0 4 2 9 0 2 1 4 2 2
1 4 9 2 16 16 8
+ + +
= = =
+ + +

Correct option is (d)
35. The energy eigenvalues of a particle in the potential ( )
2 2
1
V x m x ax are
2
= e
(a)
2
n
2
1 a
E n
2 2m
| |
= + e
|
e \ .

(b)
2
n
2
1 a
E n
2 2m
| |
= + e+
|
e \ .

(c)
2
n
2
1 a
E n
2 m
| |
= + e
|
e \ .

(d) n
1
E n
2
| |
= + e
|
\ .

Soln. The potential ( )

2 2
1
V x m x ax
2
= e
The Schrodinger equation,
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
2
d
V x x E x
2m dx
(
+ =
(

( )
( )
2
2 2
2 2
d x 2m 1
For S.E., E m x 0 ... 1
dx 2
1
The energy is given by E n
2

| |
+ e =
|
\ .
| |
= + e
|
\ .

( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
2
d 1
m x ax x E x
2m dx 2
(
+ e =
(

2
2 2
0 2 2
d 2m 1
E m x ax
dx 2
(
+ e + =
(

( )
2 2 2
2 2
2 2 2 2
d 2m a 1 a
E m x ax x 0
dx 2m 2 2m
(
+ + e + =
(
e e

( )
2 2 2
2 2
2 2 2 2 4 2
d 2m a 1 a 2ax
E m x x 0
dx 2m 2 m m
( | |
+ + e + =
( |
e e e
\ .

Replace,
2
2 2
a a
E E' , x x ' &dx dx '
2m m
+ = + = =
e e
15

( )
2 2
2 2
d 2m 1
E' m x' x ' 0
dx ' 2
(
+ e =
(

... (2)
On comparing equation (2) by equation (1), the energy corresponding to equation (2) are given by
1
E' n
2
| |
= + e
|
\ .

2
2
a 1
E n
2m 2
| |
+ = + e
|
e
\ .

2
2
1 a
E n
2 2m
| |
= + e
|
e
\ .

Correct option is (a)

36. If a particle is represented by the normalized wave function
( )
( )
2 2
5
2
15 a x
for a x a
x
4a
0 otherwise

< <
=

the uncertainty p A in its momentum is

(a)
2
5a

(b)
5
2a

(c)
10
a

(d)
5
2 a

Soln. The given normalized wavefunction is

( )
( )
5
2
2 2
15 a x
for a x a
x
4a
0 otherwise

< < +
=

*
d
p i dx
dx

| |
=
|
\ .
}

( ) ( ) 5 5
2 2
a a
2 2 2 2
a a
d 15 d 15 d
0 i 0 dx a x i a x dx 0 i 0 dx
dx dx dx 4a 4a
+ +
+
| | | | | |
= + +
| | |
\ . \ . \ .
} } }

( ) ( )
a
2 2
5
a
15
i a x 2x dx 0
16a
+

= =
}

[As the function given in the integral is odd]

2
2 * 2
2
d
p dx
dx
+

| |
=
|
\ .
}

( ) ( )
a a 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 5 2 2
a a
d 15 d d
0. .0 dx a x a x dx 0. 0 dx
dx 16 a dx dx
+ +
+
| | | | | |
= + +
| | |
\ . \ . \ .
} } }

( ) ( )
a
2 2 2
5
a
15
a x 2 dx
16 a
+

=
}

( )
a
a 2 2 3 2 3 3
2 2 2 3 3
5 5 5
a a
15 15 x 15 a a
a x dx a x a a
8a 8 a 5 8 a 3 3
+
+

| | (
= = = +
| (
\ .
}

=
2 3 2
5 2
15 4 a 5
8 a 3 2 a
=

16
2
2
2
5 5
p p p
2 a a 2
| |
A = = =
|
\ .

Correct option is (d)
37. Given the usual canonical commutation relations, the commutator | | ( )
y x
A, B of A i xp yp = and
( )
z y
B yp zp is : = +
(a) ( )
z x
xp p z (b) ( )
z x
xp p z (c) ( )
z x
xp p z + (d) ( )
z x
xp p z +
Soln. ( ) ( )
y x z y
A i xp yp &B yp zp = = +
| | ( ) ( )
y x z y
A, B i xp yp , yp zp
(
= +

By using the distributive properties,
| | | | | | | | | | | | AB, C A B, C A, C B & A, BC B A, C A, B C = + = +
And associative properties | | | | | | A, B C A, B A, C =
We can simplify
| | ( ) ( )
y x z y x y
A, B i xp yp , yp i xp yp , zp
( (
= +

| |
y z x z y y x y
i xp , yp i yp , yp i xp , zp i yp , zp ( ( ( = +

[* out of 4 commutation relations 2
nd
and 3
rd
will be zero as there will be no canonically conjugate pair term.
| |
y z x y
A, B i xp , yp i yp , zp ( ( =

| |
y z z y x y y x
ix p , yp i x, yp p iy p , zp i y, zp p ( ( ( = +

[2
nd
and 3
rd
will be also zero, reason will be same as above]
| |
y z y x
A, B ix p , yp i y, zp p ( ( =

| |
y z y z y x y x
||
||
0
0
ixy p , p ix p , y p iz y, p p i y, z p p ( ( ( = +

| | ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
z x
z x x x
z x
A, B ix i p iz i p
xp zp , as zp p z
xp p z
=
= + =
= +

Correct option is (c)

38. The entropy of a system, S, is related to the accessible phase space volume
I
by ( )
B
S k n E, N, V = I
where E, N and V are the energy, number of particles and volume respectively. From this one can conclude
that I
(a) does not change during evolution to equilibrium
(b) Oscillates during evolution to equilibrium
(c) Is a maximum in equilibrium
(d) Is a minimum in equilibrium
Soln. In the micrononical ensemble, the phase volume is maximized to obtain the characteristic thermodynamics
quantity which is entropy
Correct option is (c)
17
39. Let W A be the work done in a quasistatic reversible thermodynamics process. Which of the following state-
ments about W A is correct?
(a)
W A
is a perfect differential if the process is isothermal
(b)
W A
is a perfect differential if the process is adiabatic
(c)
W A
is always a perfect differential
(d)
W A
cannot be a perfect differential.
Soln. According to the first law of thermodynamics
dQ = dU + dW
where dQ is the amount of heat absorbed by a system, dU is the change in the internal energy of the system
which depends only on the temperature, and dW is the amount of work done. If dQ 0 = , then dW is not a
perfect differential as it depends upon the path chosen. However for an adiabatic process dQ = 0,
dU dW =
Since dU is a perfect differential, therefore dW is also a perfect differential.
Correct option is (b)
40. A binary star system consists of two stars S
1
and S
2
, with masses m and 2m respectively separated by a
distannce r. If both S
1
and S
2
individually follow circular orbits around the centre of the mass with intantaneous
speeds v
1
and v
2
respectively, the ratio of speeds v
1
/v
2
is:
(a)
2
(b) 1 (c) 1/2 (d) 2
Soln. The energy of the system is given by
| |
1 2 2 3 3 1
E J S S S S S S = + + , where J is positive constant and each among S
1
, S
2
and S
3
can take +1 and 1
values.
Suppose S
1
, S
2
, S
3
all have value +1, then the energy of the system is
( ) E J 1 1 1 1 1 1 3J = + + =
Suppose S
1
, S
2
, S
3
all have value 1, then the energy of the system is
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) E J 1 1 1 1 1 1 3J = + + = (

If S
1
, S
2
, S
3
have different values then energy will be greater than 3J.
Correct option is (c)
41. The minimum energy of a collection of 6 non-interacting electrons of spin
1
2

placed in a one dimensional

infinite square well potential of width L is
(a)
2 2 2
14 / mL t
(b)
2 2 2
91 / mL t
(c)
2 2 2
7 / mL t
(d)
2 2 2
3 / mL t
Soln. The energy of a particle of mass m in a one-dimension square well potential of width L is given by
2 2 2
2
n
E , n 1, 2, 3, 4.................
2mL
t
= =

Only two electron with spin

1
2
can fill in the same state.
n = 3
n = 2
n = 1
(corresponding to minimum energy)
18
The minimum energy of the system is
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
4 9 14
2
2mL 2mL 2mL mL
| | t t t t
= + + =
|
\ .

Correct option is (a)
42. A live music broadcast consists of a radio-wave of frequency 7 MHz, amplitude-modulated by a microphone
output consisting of signals with a maximum frequency of 10 KHz. The spectrum of modulated output will be
zero outside the frequency band
(a) 7.00 MHz to 7.01 MHz (b) 6.99 MHz to 7.01 MHz
(c) 6.99 MHz to 7.00 MHz (d) 6.995 MHz to 7.005 MHz
Soln. Carrier frequency f
c
= 7 MHz
Modulation frequency f
m
=10 KHz = 0.01 MHz
Modulated signal will have frequency components (f
c
+ f
m
) = 7.01 MHz and (f
c
f
m
) = 6.99 MHz
Correct option is (b).
43. In the op-amp circuit shown in the figure, V
i
is a sinusoidal input signal of frequency 10 Hz and V
0
is the output
signal.
+

1K
10K
V
0
V
i
0.01 F
The magnitude of the gain and the phase shift, respectively, are close to the values
(a)
5 2 and
2
t
(b)
5 2 and
2
t
(c) 10 and zero (d) 10 and t
Soln.
| |
0 f
in 1
V R
since inverting amplifier
V R

=
f
R 10k || 0.01 f = =
10k
0.01
1
10k
0.01
1

e
+
e
=
3 6
10k
1 10 2 10 10 0.01 10

+ t
3 6
10k
1 10 2 10 10 0.01 10

=
+ t
f
3
10k
R
1 6.28 10

=
+
( )
0 f
3 3
in 1
V R 10k 1 10
V R 1k
1 6.28 10 1 6.28 10


= = =
+ +
19
0
in
V
10
V
~
Phase difference is 180 = t
Correct options is (d)
44. The logic circuit shown in the figure below.
A
HIGH
B
y
implements the Boolean expression
(a)
y A.B =
(b) y A.B = (c) y A.B = (d) y A B = +
Soln.
A
HIGH
B
y
High means 1.
Output of first EXOR gate is
A
Output of second EXOR gate is
B
Output of OR gate is A B +
As per demorgans theorem A.B A B = +
Correct options is (a)
45. A diode D as shown in the circuit as an iv relation which can be proximated by
2
D D D
D
D
v 2v , for v 0
i
0, for v 0

+ >
=

s

i
D
v
D D 10V
1O
+

The value of v
D
in the circuit is:
(a)
( )
1 11 V + (b) 8V (c) 5V (d) 2V
Soln.
i
D
v
D D 10V
1O
+

Apply KVL
20
D D
10 i 1 v = O+
{ }
2
D D D
i v 2v given in questions = +
2
D D D
10 1 v 2v v
(
= O + +

( )
2
D
v 3D 10 0 v 5, 2 neglect 5 + + = =
Correct option is (d)
Part-C
46. The Taylor expansion of the function ( ) n cosh x , where x is real, about the point x = 0 starts with the
following terms:
(a)
2 4
1 1
x x ..........
2 12
+ +
(b)
2 4
1 1
x x ..........
2 12
+
(c)
2 4
1 1
x x ..........
2 6
+ +
(d)
2 4
1 1
x x ..........
2 6
+ +
Soln. Taylor series expansion of f(x) about x = x
0
is:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
2
0 0
0 0 0 0 0
f " x f "' x
f x f x f ' x x x x x x x ...............
2! 3!
= + + + +
Now, in question ( ) ( )
0
x 0, f x n cosh x = =
( )
1
f ' x sinh x tanh x
cosh x
= =
( )
2
f " x sec h x = ;
( ) ( )
2
f "' x 2sech x sech x. tanh x 2sech x. tanh x = =
( ) ( )( )
2 2
f "" x 2 2sech x sech x. tanh x tanh x 2sech x.sech x = =
2 2 4
4sech x. tanh x 2sech x
Required Taylor series expansion: ( ) ( )
2 4
1 1
n cosh x 0 0 .1.x 0 2 x .................
2 4!
= + + + + +

( )
2 4
1 1
n cosh x x x ....................
2 12
= +
Correct option is (b)
47. Given a 22 unitary matrix U satisfying
U' U UU' 1 = =
with det
i
U e

=
, one can construct a unitary matrix
( ) V V' V VV' 1 = = with det V = 1 from it by
(a) Multiplying U by
i /2
e

(b) Multiplying any single element of U by
i
e

(c) Multiplying any row or column of U by
i /2
e

(d) Multiplying U by
i
e

.
Soln. Let
i
a b
U and det U ad bc e
c d
|
| |
= = =
|
\ .
(Given)
Let,
i /2 i /2
i /2
i /2 i /2
e a e b
V e U V
e c e d
| |
|
| |
| |
= = |
|
\ .
( )
i i i i i
det V e ad e bc e ad bc e e 1
| | | | |
= = = =
21
i /2
We have to multiply U with e to get V with determinant 1
|
=
Correct option is (a)
48. The value of the integral
3
2
C
z dz
z 5z 6 +
} , where C is a closed contour defined by the equation 2 z 5 0 = ,
traversed in the anti-clockwise direction, is:
(a)
16 i t
(b)
16 i t
(c)
8 i t
(d)
2 i t
Soln. ( )
3
2
z
f z
z 5z 6
=
+
Poles:
2
z 5z 6 0 + = Given closed contour:
5
c : 2 z 5 0 z
2
= =
( ) ( ) z 3 z 2 0 =
So, z = 3 point (3, 0)
centre (0, 0), radius 5/2 units
z = 2 point (2, 0)
Only z = 2 i.e. point (2, 0) is within c
( ) ( )
( )( )
3
z 2
z 2
z
Res.f z z 2 8
z 3 z 2
=
=
= =

( ) Given integral: I 2 i sum of the residues 16 i = t = t
Correct option is (a)
49. A function ( ) f x obeys the differential equation ( )
2
2
d f
3 2i f 0
dx
=
and satisfies the conditions ( ) f 0 1 = and
( ) f x 0 as x . The value of ( ) f is t :
(a)
2
e
t
(b)
2
e
t
(c)
2
e
t
(d)
2 i
e
t

Soln. Given differential equation: ( )

2
2
d f
3 4i f 0
dx
=
(where 2 is wrongly printed in place of 4 in the question)
Let,
mx
f c.e =
be trial solution.
2
mx 2 mx
2
df d f
c.me c.m e
dx dx
= =
Substituting in the given equation, we get
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 mx
2 2 2
m 3 4i 0 e 0
m 3 4i 4 1 4i 2 i 2.2.i 2 i 2 i
= =
= = = + = =
Therefore,
( )
( ) ( ) 2 i x 2 i x
f x A e Be

= +
Since, ( ) f 0 1 A B 1 = + =
Since, ( ) f x 0 when x A 0, then B 1 = =
22
( )
( )
( )
( ) 2 i x 2 i 2 i
f x e f e e e
t t t
= t = =
( )
2
f e
t
t =
Correct option is (c).
50. A planet of mass m moves in the gravitational field of the Sun (mass M). If the semi-major and semi-minor
axes of the orbit are a and b respectively, the angular momentum of the planet is:
(a)
( )
2
2GMm a b + (b)
( )
2
2GMm a b
(c)
( )
2
2GMm ab
a b
(d)
( )
2
2GMm ab
a b +
Soln. Consider a circular orbit (a = b =r) for which it is easy to calculate angular momentum L
L = mvr;
2
2
mv Mm
G
r r
= ;
GM
v
r
=
2
GM
L mr GMm r
r
= =
Only option (d) reduces to this form when a = b = r
Correct option is (d)
51. The Hamiltonian of a simple pendulum consisting of a mass m attached to a massless string of length l is
( )
2
2
p
H mg 1 cos
2m
u
= + u

. If L denotes the Lagrangian, the value of

dL
is :
dt
(a)
2g
p sin
u
u

(b)
g
p sin 2
u
u

(c)
g
p cos
u
u

(d)
2
p cos
u
u
Soln. ( )
2
2
p
H mg 1 cos
2m
u
= + u

;
i i
i
L p q H p H
u
= = u

2
p H H
; p mg sin
p m
u
u
u
c c
u = = = = u
c cu

( ) ( )
2 2
2 2 2
p p p
L p mg 1 cos ; L mg 1 cos
m 2m 2m
u u u
u
(
= + u = u
(



( )
dL L L
L L , p , p
dt p
u u
u
c c
= u = + u
c cu

2 2
p p L L
, p mg sin , mg sin ,
p m m
u u
u
u
c c
= = u = u u =
c cu



( )
2 2
p p dL 2g
mg sin mg sin p sin
dt m m
u u
u
= u u = u

Correct option is (a)
23
52. Which of the following set of phase-space trajectories which one is not possible for a particle obeying Hamiltons
equations of motion (for a time-independent Hamiltonian)?
(a)
p
x
(b)
p
x
(c)
p
x
(d)
p
x
Soln. According to Louvilles theorem, phase space trajectories cannot cross.
Correct option is (c)
53. Two bodies of equal mass m are connected by a massless rigid rod of length l lying in the xy-plane with the
centre of the rod at the origin. If this system is rotating about the z-axis with a frequency e, its angular
momentum is
(a)
2
m / 4 e (b)
2
m /2 e (c)
2
m e (d)
2
2m e
Soln.
m m
O
l/2 l/2
z-axis
L = angular momentum = Ie, where I is moment of inertia of the rod about an axis z with centre at O.
2 2
4 2 2
m m m
I m m
2 2 4 4 2
| | | |
= + = + =
| |
\ . \ .

2
m
L I
2
e
= e=

Correct option is (b)
54. An infinite solenoid with its axis of symmetry along the z-direction carries a steady current I.
R
z
^
The vector potential A

at a distance R from the axis.

(a) Is constant inside and varies as R outside the solenoid.
(b) Varies as R inside and is constant outside the solenoid.
(c) Varies as 1/R inside and as R outside the solenoid.
(d) Varies as R inside and as 1/R outside the solenoid.
Soln. Infinite solenoid carrying a current I. The vector potential A

at a distance R from the axis, then

We know that, ( )
S S
A.d A .dS B.dS = V =
} } }

24
Let radius of solenoid is r.
then inside,
S
B.dS
}

=
2
B. R & A.d A.2 R t = t
}

Hence,
2
A2 R B R t = t
BR
A
2
=
but
0
B nI =
Hence,
0
nIR
A
2

=
in
A R
Outside,
2
A.2 R B. r t = t
2
0
out
nIr
A
2R

=
out
1
A
R

z
R
Correct option is (d).
55. Consider an infinite conducting sheet in the xy-plane with a time dependent current density

Kti , where K is a
constant. The vector potential at (x, y, z) is given by
( )
2
0
K

A ct z i
4c

The magnetic field B

is:
(a)
0
Kt

j
2

(b)
0
Kz

j
2c

(c) ( )
0
K

ct z i
2c

(d) ( )
0
K

ct z j
2c

Soln. Vector potential
( )
2
0
k

A ct z i
4c

We know that, magnetic field

x

i j k
B A
x y z
A 0 0
c c c
= V =
c c c

( )
x x

i 0 0 j 0 A k 0 A
z y
( c c (
= +
(
(
c c

( ) ( ) ( )
2
0 0
k k

j ct z ct z 1 j
z 4c 2c
c (
= + =
(
c

= ( )
0
k

ct z j
2c

Correct option is (d).
56. When a charged particle emits electromagnetic radiation, the electric field E

and the Poynting vector

0
1
S E B =

at a large distance r from the emitter vary as
n m
1 1
and
r r
respectively. Which of the following
choices for n and m are correct?
(a) n 1and m 1 = = (b) n 2 and m 2 = = (c) n 1and m 2 = = (d) n 2 and m 4 = =
Soln. For electromagnetic radiation
1 1
E and B
r r

. Hence, poynting vector 2
0
E B 1
S
r

25
Hence, n 1 m 2 = =
Correct option is (c).
57. The energies in the ground state and first excited state of a particle of mass
1
m
2
=
in a potential V(x) are 4
and 1, respectively, (in units in which
1 =
). If the corresponding wavefunctions are related by
( ) ( )
1 0
x x sinh x = , then the ground state eigenfunction is
(a) ( )
0
x sec hx = (b) ( )
0
x sechx =
(c) ( )
2
0
x sec h x = (d) ( )
3
0
x sec h x =
Soln. The time independent schrodinger equation
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
2
d
V x x E x
2m dx
(
+ =
(

On taking
1
m , 1
2
= =
( ) ( ) ( )
2
2
d
V x x E x
dx
(
+ =
(

For ground state,
( ) ( ) ( )
2
0 0 2
d
V x x 4 x
dx
(
+ =
(

( ) ( ) ( )
2
0
0 0 2
d
V x x 4 x
dx

= ... (1)
For first excited state,
( ) ( ) ( )
2
1 1 2
d
V x x x
dx
(
+ =
(

Since, ( ) ( )
1 0
x x sinh x =

( ) ( ) ( )
2
0 0 2
d
V x x sinh x x sinh x
dx
(
+ =
(

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
0 0 0 2
d
x sinh x V x x sinh x x sinh x
dx
+ =

( ) ( ) ( )
0
0 0 0
d d
x cosh x sinh x V x sinh x x sinh x
dx dx
(
+ + =
(

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
0 0 0
0 0 0 2
d d d
x sinh x cosh x cosh x sinh x V x x sinh x x sinh x
dx dx dx

+ =
( ) ( )
2
0 0
0 2
d d
2cosh x sinh x V x x sinh x 0
dx dx

+ =
( ) ( )
2
0 0
0 2
d d 2cosh x
V x x
dx sinh x dx

+ = ... (2)
Substituting the value of ( ) ( )
0
V x x from equation (1) into equation (2)
( )
2 2
0 0 0
0 2 2
d d d 2cosh x
4 x
dx sinh x dx dx

+ =
26

( )
0
0
d sinh x
2 x
dx cosh x

=
;
( )
0
0
d 2sinh x
dx
x cosh x

( )
0 2
1
n x 2 ncosh x n
cosh x
= =
( )
2
0
n x n sech x =
( )
2
0
x sech x =
Correct option is (c).
58. The perturbation
( ) b a x a x a
H'
0 otherwise
< <

acts on a particle of mass m confined in an infinite square well potential

( )
0 a x a
V x
otherwise
< <
=

The first order correction to the ground state energy of the particle is
(a)
ba
2
(b)
ba
2
(c) 2ba (d) ba
Soln. The ground state wavefunction for the given potential ( )
2 x 1 x
x cos cos
2a 2a 2a a
t t | | | |
= =
| |
\ . \ .
The perturbation,
( ) b a x a x a
H'
0 otherwise
< <

The first order correction in energy,

*
E' H dx =
}
( )
a
a
1 x 1 x
cos b a x cos dx
2a 2a a a
+

t t | | | |
=
| |
\ . \ .
} =
( )
a
2
a
b x
cos a x dx
a 2a
+

t | |

|
\ .
}
( )
a
a
x
1 cos
b a
a x dx
a 2
+

t | |
+
|
\ .
=
}
=
( )
a a a
a a a
||
0
b x x
a x dx a cos dx x cos dx
2a a a
+ + +

(
(
t t
+
(
(

} } }
as integral is odd
a
2
2
a
x
a sin
b x b a
ax 2a 0 ab
2a 2 2a
a
+

t ( | |
| (

\ .
( ( + = + =
`

t
( )
(

Correct option is (d)
59. Let 0 and 1 denote the normalized eigenstates corresponding to the ground and the first excited states of
a one-dimensional harmonic oscillator. The uncertainty
x A
in the state
( )
1
0 1 is :
2
+
(a)
x / 2m A = e
(b)
x / m A = e
(c)
x 2 / m A = e
(d)
x / 4m A = e
27
Soln.
( ) ( )
1 1
0 1 , 0 1
2 2
= + = +
1
x x 0 x 0 1 x 1 0 x 1 1 x 0
2
( = = + + +

Now,
0 x 0 1 x 1 0 = = [as the states of LHO have definite parity. So, the expectation value of odd
operator will become zero]
( )

x a a
2m
= +
e

[ where

a &a are lowering and raising operators respectively]

( ) ( )

0 a a 0 0 a 0 0 a 0
2m 2m
+ = +
e e

0 0 0 0 11 0 0| 0 1 0| 1
2m 2m
( = + = (

e e

| | 0 0 0
2m
= + =
e

Similarly,
1 x 1 0 =

0 x 1 0 a 1 0 a 1
2m
(
= +

e

0 1 0 0 2 2
2m
(
= +
(

e

1 0 | 0 2 0 | 2
2m
(
= +

e

[using
mn
n | m = o ]
2m
=
e

( )

1 x 0 0 x 1
2m
= =
e

1 1
x
2 2 2m 2m
| |
= + =
|
e e
\ .

Therefore,
2 2 2 2 2 2
1
x x 0 x 0 1 x 1 1 x 0 0 x 1
2
(
= = + + +

( ) ( )
2 2
2
0 a a 0 0 a a aa a a 1
2m 2m
(
+ = + + +
(
e e

( )
2
2
0 a 0 0 a 0 0 2a a 1 1
2m
(
= + + +
(

e

0 0 0 0 1 2 2 1 0 | 0
2m
(
= + +
(

e

0 0| 0 2 0 | 2 1 0| 0
2m 2m
(
= + + =

e e

[Using
mn
n | m = o ]
( ) ( )
2 2
2
||
||
0
0
3
1 a a 1 1 a 1 1 a 1 1 2a a 1 1
2m 2m 2 m
(
(
+ = + + + =
(
e e e
(


2 2
0 x 1 1 x 0 0 = =

2
1 3
x
2 2m 2 m m
(
= + =
(
e e e


;
28
2
2
x x x
m 2m 2m
A = = =
e e e

Correct option is (a)
60. What would be the ground state energy of the Hamiltonian
( )
2 2
2
d
H x
2m dx
= oo

if vibrational principle is used to estimate it with the trial wavefunction

( )
2
bx
x A e

=
with b as the variational
parameter?
[Hint:
( )
1
2
n
2n 2bx
2
1
x e dx 2b n
2

| |
= I +
|
\ .
}
]
(a)
2 2
m /2 o
(b)
2 2
2m / o t
(c)
2 2
m / o t
(d)
2 2
m / o t
Soln. The Hamiltonian, ( )
2 2
2
d
H x
2m dx
= oo

The trial wave function

( )
2
bx
x A e

= with b variational parameter. .

( )
2 2
2 2
2 2
* bx bx
2
* bx bx
d
A e x A e dx
H
2m dx
H
|
A e A e dx
+

| |
o o
|

\ .
= =

}
}

( )
2 2 2
2
2 2
2
bx bx 2bx
2
2
2bx
d
A e e dx e x dx
2m dx
A e dx
+ +


+

| | | |
o o
| |
\ . \ .
=
} }
}

( )
2 2
2
2
bx 2 2 bx
2bx
e 4b x 2b e dx
2m
e dx
+

o
=
}
}

( ) ( ) ( ) by using f x x a dx f a
+

(
o =
(

}
2 2
2
2 2
2 2bx 2 2bx
2bx
4b e x dx 2b e dx
2m 2m

H
e dx
+ +


+

+ o
=
} }
}

2 2
2
2 2 2
2bx 2 2bx dx
0 0
2bx
0
4b 2b
e x dx e
2m 2m 2
e dx

o
+
=
} }
}

( ) ( )
( )
3 1
2 2
1
2
2 2 2
4b 1 / 2 2b
2m 2 2m 2
2 2b 2b
2 2b
t t o
+
=
t

( )
( )
1
2
1
2
2 2 2
2b b 2b b
2b
2m 2m 2m
o o
= + =
t t

29
H
0
b
c
=
c
1
2
2
2 1
0
2m 2b
o
=
t

2
2m 2 b
o
=
t


2 4
2
2 b 4m
o
=
t


2 2
4
2 m
b
o
=
t
The ground state energy,
1
2
2 2 2 2 2
4 4
2 m 2 2 m
E
2m
| | | | o o o
=
| |
t t t
\ . \ .

2 2 2
2 2 2
m 2 m m o o o
= =
t t t
Correct option is (c)
61. The free energy difference between the superconducting and the normal states of a material is given by
2 4
S N
F F F
2
|
A = = o +
, where is an order parameter and and o | are constants such that
0 o >
in the normal and
0 o <
in the superconducting state, while 0 | > always. The minimum value of
F A
in the
superconducting state is
(a)
2
/ o |
(b)
2
/ 2 o |
(c)
2
3 / 2 o |
(d)
2
5 / 2 o |
Soln.
2 4
F
2
|
A = o +
Let x = ;
2 4
F x x
2
|
A = o +
( )
3
F 2 x 2 x 0
x
c
A = o + | =
c
; ( )
2
2x x 0 o+| =
( ) x 0 trivial solution =
2 2
x 0 x
o
o+| = =
|
( )
2 4
min
2
x
F x x
2
o
=
|
|
A = o +
=
2
2
2
| | o | o
o +
|
| |
\ .
=
2 2 2
1
2 2
o o o
+ =
| | |
Correct option is (b)
62. A given quantity of gas is taken from the state A C reversibly, by two paths, A C directly and
A B C
as shown in the figure below. .
A
B
C
V
P
During the A C the work done by the gas is 100 J and the heat absorbed is 150 J. If during the process
A B C
the work done by the gas is 30 J, the heat absorbed is:
(a) 20J (b) 80J (c) 220 J (d) 280 J
Soln.
1
dQ dU dW = + ,
1
dW 100J =
30
For path AC: 150 J = dU + 100 J
dU = 150 J 100J = 50 J
For path ABC:
2
dQ = dU + dW = 50J + 30J = 80J
Correct option is (b)
63. Consider a one-dimensional Ising model with N spins, at very low temperatures when almost all the spins are
aligned parallel to each other. There will be a few spin flips with each flip costing an energy 2J. In a configura-
tion with r spin flips, the energy of the system is E = NJ + 2rJ and the number of configuration is
N
C
r
; r varies
from 0 to N. The partition function is
(a)
N
B
J
k T
| |
|
\ .
(b)
NJ/ k T
B
e

(c)
N
B
J
sinh
k T
| |
|
\ .
(d)
N
B
J
cosh
k T
| |
|
\ .
Soln. Let us consider only three energy levels, E
r
= 2J + 2rJ
E
0
= 2J, E
1
= 0, E
2
= 2J
( )
2
E E E 2 2 2 2
0 1 2
2 0 1 2 r
r 0
Q C e C e C e / C
| | |
=
= + +

( ) ( )
2
2 2J 0 2J J J
J J
e 2e e e e
e e
4 4 2
| | | |
| |
+ + +
| |
+
= = =
|
\ .
( )
2
2
Q cosh J = |
( )
N
N
N
J
Q cosh J cosh
kT
| |
= | =
|
\ .
Correct option is (d)
64. A magnetic field sensor based on the Hall effect is to be fabricated by implanting. As into a Si film of thickness
1 m. The specifications require a magnetic field sensitivity of 500 mV/Tesla at an excitation current of 1 mA.
The implanation dose is to be adjusted such that the average carrier density, after activation, is
(a)
26 3
1.25 10 m

(b)
22 3
1.25 10 m

(c)
21 3
4.1 10 m

(d)
20 3
4.1 10 m

Soln. Hall voltage to magnetic field ratio

3 H
V
500 10 V/T
B

=
3
6
Current, I 1mA 10 Amp
Thickness of sample, t 1 10 m

= =
=
We know that Hall voltage ,
H
IB
V
tne
=
3
6 19 3
H
IB 10
concentration of dopants, n
t e V 10 1.6 10 500 10

= =

21
21 22 3
100 10 100
10 1.25 10 / m
5 1.6 8

= = =

Correct option is (b).

31
65. Band-pass and band-reject filters can be implemented by combining a low pass and a high pass filter in series
and in parallel, respectively. If the cut-off frequencies of the low pass and high pass filters are
LP HP
0 0
and e e ,
respectively, the condition required to implement the band-pass and band-reject filters are respectively.
(a)
HP LP HP LP
0 0 0 0
and e < e e < e (b)
HP LP HP LP
0 0 0 0
and e < e e > e
(c)
HP LP HP LP
0 0 0 0
and e > e e < e (d)
HP LP HP LP
0 0 0 0
and e > e e > e
Soln. Low pass cut off frequency
LP
0
e
High pass out off frequency
HP
0
e
Low pass response. High pass reponses
e
0
LP
e
0
HP
For band pass filter responses is: For band reject filter response is
e
0
HP
e
0
LP
e
0
HP
e
0
LP
<
e
0
HP
e
0
LP
e
0
HP
e
0
LP
<
Correct option is (b)
66. The output characteristics of a solar panel at a certain level of irradiance is shown in the figure below.
3
2
1
0
0 5 10 15 20
(V)
|I|
If the solar cell is to power a load of 5 O, the power drawn by the load is:
(a) 97W (b) 73 W (c) 50 W (d) 45 W
Soln.
3
2
1
0
0 5 10 15 20
(V)
|I|
1
R
line
For 5O resistance
V
R
I
=
power drawn is P 3 15 45 watt = =
Hence, correct option is (d).
32
67. Consider the energy level diagram shown below, which corresponds to the molecular nitrogen laser.
2
1
0
R
t
21
t
1
If the pump rate R is 10
20
atoms cm
3
s
1
and the decay routes are as shown with
21
20 t = ns and
1
1 s t = ,
the equilibrium populations of states 2 and 1 are, respectively,
(a) 10
14
cm
3
and 210
12
cm
3
(b) 210
12
cm
3
and 10
14
cm
3
(c) 210
12
cm
3
and 210
6
cm
3
(d) zero and 10
20
cm
3
.
Soln.
20 3
9
21
6
1
R 10 atoms/cm sec
20 10 sec
1 10 sec

=
t =
t =
2
1
0
R
t
21
t
1
Rate equations for level (1) and (2) are given by
2 2
21
dN N
R
dt
=
t
... (1)
1 2 1
21 1
dN N N
dt
=
t t
... (2)
Under equilibrium,
2 1
dN dN
0
dt dt
= =
20 9 12 3
2 21
N R 10 20 10 2 10 cm

= t = =
6 12
14 3 1 2
1
9
21
N 10 10 2
N 10 cm
20 10

t
= = =
t
Correct option is (b).
68. Consider a hydrogen atom undergoing a
2P 1S
transition. The lifetime t
sp
of the 2P state for spontaneous
emission is 1.6 ns and the energy difference between the levels is 10.2 eV. Assuming that the refractive index of
the medium n
0
= 1, the ratio of the Einstein coefficients for stimulated emission ( ) ( )
21 21
B / A e e is given by
(a)
12 3 1 1
0.683 10 m J s

(b)
12 3
0.146 10 J s m

(c)
12 3 1 1
6.83 10 m J s

(d)
12 3
1.463 10 J s m

Soln.
0
n 1 E 10.2 eV = A =
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 3 2
24 68 2 3 2 2 3
21
3 3 3 3 3 3 2
3 57
21 0
0
3.14 3 10 6.6 10 B c c
A n
E n 10.2 1.6 10 1 3.14 4

t t
= = =
e
A

=
13 12
0.0676 10 0.676 10 =
Correct option is (a)
33
69. Consider a He-Ne laser cavity consisting of two mirrors of reflectivities R
1
= 1 and R
2
= 0.98. The mirrors are
separated by a distance d = 20 cm and the medium in between has a refractive index n
0
= 1 and absorption
coefficient o = 0. The values of the separation between the modes
v o
and the width
p
v A of each mode of the
laser cavity are:
(a)
p
v 75 kHz, v 24 kHz o = A = (b)
p
v 100 kHz, v 100 kHz o = A =
(c)
p
v 750 MHz, v 2.4 MHz o = A = (d)
p
v 2.4 MHz, v 750 MHz o = A =
Soln. Laser mode separation,
0
c
2dn
ov =
but
8 2
c 3 10 m/ sec, d 20 cm 20 10 m

= = =
0
n 1 =
8
8 8
2
3 10 30
10 Hz 7.5 10 Hz 750 MHz
4 2 20 10 1

ov = = = =

Width of each mode, p
c
1
2 t
Av =
t
where t
c
= cavity lifetime
2 d 0 c
1 2
2n d
and x 1 R R e
1
c n
1 x
o
= =
| |
|

\ .

1 2
R 1, R 0.98 = =
c
0 , x 1 1 0.98 0.02 o = = =
2 2
7
c
8
8
2 1 20 10 2 20 10 2
t 10 sec
1 3 3 10 0.020
3 10 n
0.98

= = =
| |

|
\ .

6
p
7
3
2.38 10 Hz 2.4 MHz
2 3.14 2 10

Av = = ~

Correct option is (c)
70. Non-interacting bosons undergo Bose-Einstein Condensation (BEC) when trapped in a three-dimensional
isotropic simple harmonic potential. For BEC to occur, the chemical potential must be equal to
(a)
/2 e
(b)
e
(c)
3 / 2 e
(d) 0
Soln. For 3-D isotropic harmonic potential
n 0
3 3
E n ; E
2 2
| |
= + e = e
|
\ .

is the energy of the ground state. When BEC occurs, all the non-interacting
bosons go to the ground state. The chemical potential = ground state of the bosonic system =
3
2
e
Correct option is (c)
34
71. In a band structure calculation, the dispersion relation for electrons is found to be
( )
k x y z
cos k a cos k a cos k a c = | + +
where | is a constant and a is the lattice constant. The effective mass at the boundary of the first Brilliouin zone
is
(a)
2
2
2
5 a |

(b)
2
2
4
5 a |

(c)
2
2
2 a |

(d)
2
2
3 a |

Soln. ( )
k x y z
cos k a cos k a cos k a c = | + +
This is tight-binding energy expression for simple cubic solid with lattice parameter a. The expression for
effective mass (m*) is given by
2
*
2
k
2
m
d
dk
=
| |
c
|
\ .

Brilliouin zone boundary is at

x y z
k , k , k
a a a
t t t
= = =
Hence,
2
2 k
2
, ,
a a a
d
3 a
dk t t t
| |
c
= |
|
\ .
Hence,
2
*
2
m
3 a
=
|

Correct option is (d)

72. The radius of the Fermi sphere of free electrons in a monovalent metal with an fcc structure, in which the
volume of the unit cell is a
3
, is
(a)
1
2 3
3
12
a
| |
t
|
\ .
(b)
1
2 3
3
3
a
| |
t
|
\ .
(c)
1
2 3
3
a
| |
t
|
\ .
(d)
1
a
Soln. Radius of fermi sphere is
1
2 3
F
3 N
k
V
| |
t
=
|
\ .
for fcc solid
3
N 4
V a
=
1
2 3
F
3
12
k
a
| |
t
=
|
\ .
Correct option is (a)
73. The muon has mass 105 MeV/c
2
and mean lifetime 2.2 s in its rest frame. The mean distance traversed by
muon of energy 315 MeV/c
2
before decaying is approximately
(a)
5
3 10 km
(b) 2.2 cm (c) 6.6 m (d) 1.98 km
Soln.
2 2
0
m 105 MeV/c , m 315 MeV/c = =
0
m 315
3
m 105
= = =
( )
0
T dilated T 3 2.2 6.6 s = = =
35
2
2 2
1 1 1 8 8
, 3 , 1 ,
9 9 3
1 1
= = | = = | =
| |
;
8 8
8
v 3 10 m/s 8 10 m/s
3
= =
Distance traversed = (speed) (time) =
( )( ) ( )
8 6 2
8 10 m/s 6.6 10 s 6.6 2 2 10 m 1.86 km

= =
Correct option is (d).
74. Consider the following particles: the proton p, the neutron n, the neutral pion t
0
and the delta resonance A
+
.
When ordered in terms of decreasing lifetime, the correct arrangement is as follows:
(a)
0
, n, p,
+
t A
(b)
0
p, n, ,
+
A t
(c)
0
p, n, ,
+
t A
(d)
0
, n, , p
+
A t
Soln. The lifetime of ( )
26
p infinite 10 years ~
3
n ~1.01 10 sec
0 8
~10 sec

t
10
~10 sec
+
A
Correct option is (c)
75. The single particle enertgy difference between the p-orbitals (i.e. 3 1
2 2
p and p
) of the nucleus
114
50
Sn is 3
MeV. The energy difference between the states in its 1f orbital is
(a) 7 MeV (b) 7 MeV (c) 5 MeV (d) 5 MeV
Soln. The single particle energy difference
2
1 1
2 2
1
E E
2
+
| |
= +
|
\ .


where C is constant.
For p-orbitals, the energy difference,
3 1
2 2
2
3
E E C 3 MeV
2
= =
2
2
C MeV =

... (1)
The energy difference between the states in 1f orbital.
7 5
2 2
2
7
E E c
2
=
... (2)
On substituting the value of cfrom equation (1) into (2)
7 5
2 2
2
2
2 7
E E MeV 7 MeV
2
= =

Correct option is (b)