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Gradeability

The document discusses vehicle performance factors including tractive factor, grade ability, and drawbar pull. It provides formulas to calculate these factors and works through examples using specifications from a 1/4-ton 4x4 truck to determine its tractive factor of 0.75 and maximum grade ability of 73.5%.

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Arun Kattuparambil
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282 views2 pages

Gradeability

The document discusses vehicle performance factors including tractive factor, grade ability, and drawbar pull. It provides formulas to calculate these factors and works through examples using specifications from a 1/4-ton 4x4 truck to determine its tractive factor of 0.75 and maximum grade ability of 73.5%.

Uploaded by

Arun Kattuparambil
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Back Figure 29-22. Controlled Differential with Final Drive.

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Next Drawbar Pull.

Up TM-9-8000 Principles of Automotive Vehicles Manual

TM 9-8000

Section V. WHEEL VEHICLE PERFORMANCE

29-14. General. vehicle performance. Miles per gallon of fuel, miles per of weight a vehicle can carry are all commonly considered factors. Other factors of equal importance include tractive factor, grade ability, and drawbar pull. These three factors refer to less-known performance aspects that should be considered further. 29-15. Performance Factors.

There are many different aspects of

factor of the 1/4-ton, 4 x 4 truck at maximum gear reduction and unloaded. Unloaded, the vehicle weighs 2,625 pounds. The engine torque is 79 ft lb. The gear reduction in the transmission in low gear is 2.798:1; in the transfer in low range, 2.43:1; and in the differentials, 5.38:1. Total gear reduction is 36.7:1, in low range, low gear. Tire radius is 1.25 feet, unloaded; and slightly less, loaded. However, use the figure 1.25 feet for ease of figuring. Substituting all this data in the formula gives: 79 x 36.7 x 0.85

hour in first, second, or other gear ratio, and the amount

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a. Tractive Factor.
(1) Tractive factor refers to the pushing effort the wheels can make against the ground as a result of the application of torque to them through the power train from the engine. Actually, the tractive factor is given in pounds-of-push for each pound of vehicle weight. Tractive factor can be determined by the following formula:

Tractive factor = 2.625 x 1.25 (3) This figure means the tires can exert a push against the ground of 0.75 pound for every pound of vehicle weight. If the tires do not slip, the vehicle can be pushed forward 0.75 pound for every pound of vehicle weight.

= 0.75.

b. Grade Ability.
ET x R x 0.85 Tractive factor = GW x TLR where ET and R = = Engine torque from dynamometer tests, with at least distributor water pump operating (ft lb). Gear ratio at reduction under consideration. 0.85 = Efficiency of power transmission (arbitrarily chosen as an average value). GW TLR = = Gross vehicle weight (lb). Tire loaded radius (ft). Grade ability = (Tractive factor - 0.015) x 100 where 0.015 equals rolling resistance per pound of vehicle weight (arbitrarily chosen as an average value). (2) Figure the maximum grade ability of the 1/4-ton, 4 x 4 truck for which calculated the tractive factor (maximum) was 0.75. Substituting in the formula would give: Grade ability = (0.75 - 0.015)x 100 = 0.735 or 73.5 percent. (2) Figure the tractive factor of a 114-ton, 4 x 4 utility truck. This can be determined in any gear, and with the truck loaded or unloaded. The tractive factor will increase with increased gear ratio, and will decrease as the vehicle is loaded. Generally, the tractive factor is figured with maximum payload because this gives an indication of the vehicle performance under the most adverse conditions. However, calculate the tractive 29-24 (3) The truck, unloaded and in low range, low gear, could go up a 73.5-percent grade; that is a grade that rises 73.5 feet every 100 feet. it can be seen that the grade ability of a vehicle will vary with the load and the gear ratio. It will decrease as (1) Grade ability refers to how steep a grade the vehicle can climb. Grade, itself, is referred to in percent: a 10-percent grade, or a 26-percent grade, for example. A 1-percent grade rises 1 foot in every 100 feet. A 26percent grade rises 26 feet in every 100 feet. If the tractive factor is known, the grade ability can be easily figured by use of the formula:

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