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Restrained Current Differential Relay Model: ... /3PHEXT - CFG

This document implements a digital relay model in Mathcad to analyze data from a COMTRADE file of a power system fault. It reads in current and voltage measurements from the file, applies scaling and offsets, and performs symmetrical component transformation. It then uses digital filtering to calculate phasors and models current transformer saturation. Operate and restraint currents are determined and compared to relay settings to determine a trip response. The model implements a restrained differential characteristic with two slope settings.

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ramlijavier
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41 views

Restrained Current Differential Relay Model: ... /3PHEXT - CFG

This document implements a digital relay model in Mathcad to analyze data from a COMTRADE file of a power system fault. It reads in current and voltage measurements from the file, applies scaling and offsets, and performs symmetrical component transformation. It then uses digital filtering to calculate phasors and models current transformer saturation. Operate and restraint currents are determined and compared to relay settings to determine a trip response. The model implements a restrained differential characteristic with two slope settings.

Uploaded by

ramlijavier
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 12

ECE 525:

Power Systems Protection and Relaying


Lecture 35; Page 1/12
Fall 2010
Restrained Current Differential Relay Model
The MathCAD sheet below implements some basic relay calculations. The file takes data read from a Comtrade file
and postprocesses it.
Read Comtrade File Data
1. Read Comtrade Configuration File
config
...\3PHEXT.cfg
:=
Right click on the floppy disk icon and select "Choose File" to
open a file browser. Choose the *.cfg file from the contrade file
(you will need to type the extension)
data
...\3PHEXT.dat
:=
Right click on the floppy disk icon and select "Choose File" to
open a file browser. Choose the *.dat file from the contrade file (it
should be an accepted file type)
COMTRADE configuration file format:
The first fow states how the file was created and the version of the standard 1.
The second row gives the total number of inputs (7 for these cases), number of analog inputs (7 here) and number of digital 2.
inputs (0 here)
Rows 3 - 10 are the analog inputs, in the following order: 3.
I1a (feeder one, phase A)
I2a (feeder two, phase A)
I3a (feeder three, phase A)
I4a (feeder four, phase A)
Van
Vbn
Vcn
4. Data sampled 16 times per cycle (960 Hz)
ECE 525:
Power Systems Protection and Relaying
Lecture 35; Page 2/12
Fall 2010
Scaling and Offset Data from Comtrade CFG file
Read individual cells (scale from column 5, offset from column 6) -
Remember row and column indices start at 0: -
I1a
scale
config
2 5 ,
:= I1a
scale
0.5854 = I1a
offset
config
2 6 ,
:= I1a
offset
680.79 =
I2a
scale
config
3 5 ,
:= I2a
scale
0.7806 = I2a
offset
config
3 6 ,
:= I2a
offset
907.73 =
I3a
scale
config
4 5 ,
:= I3a
scale
1.1708 = I3a
offset
config
4 6 ,
:= I3a
offset
1.3616 10
3
=
I4a
scale
config
5 5 ,
:= I4a
scale
2.5368 = I4a
offset
config
5 6 ,
:= I4a
offset
2.9501 10
3
=
Va
scale
config
6 5 ,
:= Va
scale
5.7782 = Va
offset
config
6 6 ,
:= Va
offset
101.2 =
Vb
scale
config
7 5 ,
:= Vb
scale
5.676 = Vb
offset
config
7 6 ,
:= Vb
offset
1.9996 10
3
=
Vc
scale
config
8 5 ,
:= Vc
scale
5.675 = Vc
offset
config
8 6 ,
:= Vc
offset
2.0049 10
3
=
ECE 525:
Power Systems Protection and Relaying
Lecture 35; Page 3/12
Fall 2010
Enter Constants. Note that RS is the sampling rate, and the value of 16 here is assuming that the COMTRADE file was sampled at
that rate.
Phase A symmetrical
components
transform
Phase B symmetrical
components
transform
Phase C symmetrical
components
transform
a 1 e
j 120 deg
:=
A
012
1
1
1
1
a
2
a
1
a
a
2
|

\
|
|
|
|
.
:= B
012
1
1
1
a
1
a
2
a
2
1
a
|

\
|
|
|
|
.
:= C
012
1
1
1
a
2
a
1
a
a
2
1
|

\
|
|
|
|
.
:=
RS 16 :=
Enter vector indices for filter and relay calculations (do not change these)
i 0 rows data ( ) 1 .. :=
v
RS
4
rows data ( ) 1 .. := Offset samples by 1/4 cycles for phasor calculation
d 5 RS rows data ( ) 1 .. := Offset samples by 5 cycles for trip calculation
If RS 1 rows data ( ) 1 .. :=
User Entered Parameters:
I am entering typical values the current transformer ration (CTR) and voltage transformer ratio (PTR). You need to change these -
to match your calculations.
CTR
1000
5
:= VTR
230kV
120V
:=
ECE 525:
Power Systems Protection and Relaying
Lecture 35; Page 4/12
Fall 2010
Read Data From Comtrade File:
The data from the COMTRADE file is now read into vectors for MathCAD to use. -
Note that these vectors are assuming that IA, IB, etc are in certain columns in the table. The numbers below assume that the -
data is assigned as described in the other handout. Columns 0 and 1 of the COMTRADE file do not store data, so Column 2 is
the first one of interest.
Since the neutral current I
N
was measured, that will be used for the residual current (IR =3I0). -
I1A
data
2
( )
CTR
|

\
|
|
.
I1a
scale

I1a
offset
CTR
+ :=
VA
data
6
( )
VTR
|

\
|
|
.
Va
scale

Va
offset
VTR
+ :=
I2A
data
3
( )
CTR
|

\
|
|
.
I2a
scale

I2a
offset
CTR
+ :=
VB
data
7
( )
VTR
|

\
|
|
.
Vb
scale

Vb
offset
VTR
+ :=
I3A
data
4
( )
CTR
|

\
|
|
.
I3a
scale

I3a
offset
CTR
+ :=
VC
data
8
( )
VTR
|

\
|
|
.
Vc
scale

Vc
offset
VTR
+ :=
I4A
data
5
( )
CTR
|

\
|
|
.
I4a
scale

I4a
offset
CTR
+ :=
ECE 525:
Power Systems Protection and Relaying
Lecture 35; Page 5/12
Fall 2010
Now plot the currents and voltages. These should be sinusoidal. Note that the horizontal axis is in the number of cycles since the
i/RS is sample number divided by sampling rate.
As a check, the prefault data should be balanced three phase -
Phase currents
0 2 4 6 8 10
600
400
200
0
200
400
600
I1A
i
I2A
i
I3A
i
I4A
i
i
RS
ECE 525:
Power Systems Protection and Relaying
Lecture 35; Page 6/12
Fall 2010
Line to ground voltages:
0 2 4 6 8 10
100
50
0
50
100
VA
i
VB
i
VC
i
i
RS
ECE 525:
Power Systems Protection and Relaying
Lecture 35; Page 7/12
Fall 2010
Digital Filter Stages:
Now the data is run through a digital cosine filter as a first step in calculating magnitude and phase. Normally the first step -
would be to perform a low pass filtering operation on the data, but since ATP Analyzer already did this, we can skip that step.
I1a
If
2
RS
0
RS 1
k
cos
2 k
RS
|

\
|
|
.
I1A
If RS 1 ( ) [ ] k +

(
(

=
:=
Va
If
2
RS
0
RS 1
k
cos
2 k
RS
|

\
|
|
.
VA
If RS 1 ( ) [ ] k +

(
(

=
:=
I2a
If
2
RS
0
RS 1
k
cos
2 k
RS
|

\
|
|
.
I2A
If RS 1 ( ) [ ] k +

(
(

=
:=
Vb
If
2
RS
0
RS 1
k
cos
2 k
RS
|

\
|
|
.
VB
If RS 1 ( ) [ ] k +

(
(

=
:=
I3a
If
2
RS
0
RS 1
k
cos
2 k
RS
|

\
|
|
.
I3A
If RS 1 ( ) [ ] k +

(
(

=
:=
Vc
If
2
RS
0
RS 1
k
cos
2 k
RS
|

\
|
|
.
VC
If RS 1 ( ) [ ] k +

(
(

=
:=
I4a
If
2
RS
0
RS 1
k
cos
2 k
RS
|

\
|
|
.
I4A
If RS 1 ( ) [ ] k +

(
(

=
:=
ECE 525:
Power Systems Protection and Relaying
Lecture 35; Page 8/12
Fall 2010
Now create phasors.
To create a phasor we need a real and an imaginary part. If one uses Euler's identity, we need: cos(A) +j sin(A). The cosine filter -
output gives us the cosine part. Rather than implementing a sine filter (which doesn't reject decaying DC offsets), create the sine
term by delaying the cosine terms by 90 degress (1/4 cycle-- or 4 samples when sampling at 16 samples per cycle). Also divide
by SQRT(2) to get RMS phasors
VAcpx
v
1
2
Va
v
j Va
v
RS
4

+
|

\
|
|
.
:=
I1Acpx
v
1
2
I1a
v
j I1a
v
RS
4

+
|

\
|
|
.
:=
I2Acpx
v
1
2
I2a
v
j I2a
v
RS
4

+
|

\
|
|
.
:= VBcpx
v
1
2
Vb
v
j Vb
v
RS
4

+
|

\
|
|
.
:=
I3Acpx
v
1
2
I3a
v
j I3a
v
RS
4

+
|

\
|
|
.
:=
VCcpx
v
1
2
Vc
v
j Vc
v
RS
4

+
|

\
|
|
.
:=
I4Acpx
v
1
2
I4a
v
j I4a
v
RS
4

+
|

\
|
|
.
:=
Model CT Saturation (%): CT1sat 0% := CT3sat 0% :=
CT2sat 0% := CT4sat 0% :=
ECE 525:
Power Systems Protection and Relaying
Lecture 35; Page 9/12
Fall 2010
I1Asat
v
1 CT1sat ( ) I1Acpx
v
:= I3Asat
v
1 CT3sat ( ) I3Acpx
v
:=
I2Asat
v
1 CT2sat ( ) I2Acpx
v
:= I4Asat
v
1 CT4sat ( ) I4Acpx
v
:=
Each of these terms is a phasor with magnitude and phase (we are only uses magnitude for now). -
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
0
100
200
300
I1Asat
v
I2Asat
v
I3Asat
v
I4Asat
v
v
RS
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
0
16
32
48
64
80
VAcpx
v
VBcpx
v
VCcpx
v
v
RS
IOPA
v
I1Asat
v
I2Asat
v
+ I3Asat
v
+ I4Asat
v
+ :=
Operate Current
IRTA
v
I1Asat
v
I2Asat
v
+ I3Asat
v
+ I4Asat
v
+ :=
Restraint Current
ECE 525:
Power Systems Protection and Relaying
Lecture 35; Page 10/12
Fall 2010
0 2 4 6 8 10
0
200
400
600
IOPA
v
IRTA
v
v
RS
Relay Model:
Relay Settings -
Instantaneous Overcurrent Elements (secondary Amps, again leave off units) for zero sequence (ground) and negative
sequence (designated with a Q). elements. These numbers are just made up so don't base your answers on these. Use
magnitudes from the phase A components.
Enable the relay elements you want to use (1 means enabled, 0 means disabled)
E871 1 := E872 1 :=
ECE 525:
Power Systems Protection and Relaying
Lecture 35; Page 11/12
Fall 2010
Relay restaint slopes
1 0.3 := Sensitive restraint slope I
axis
0 1 , 300 .. :=
2 0.75 := More secure slope
0 10 20 30 40 50
0
10
20
30
40
50
1 I
axis

2 I
axis

I
axis
Relay Element Pick Up Logic -
Negative sequence element (modified to latch and stay one, no drop out for now)
Tr1
v
1 IOPA
v
1IRTA
v
> if
0 otherwise
:= Tr2
v
1 IOPA
v
2IRTA
v
> if
0 otherwise
:=
ECE 525:
Power Systems Protection and Relaying
Lecture 35; Page 12/12
Fall 2010
0 2 4 6 8
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
1.1 Tr1
v

Tr2
v
v
RS
Relay Response -

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