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Momentum

Momentum is defined as mass in motion, and is calculated as momentum (p) equals mass (m) multiplied by velocity (v). An object's momentum can change if an impulse (a force applied over time) is exerted on it. In an inelastic collision between objects, the total momentum before the collision equals the total momentum after collision. This principle can be used to calculate unknown velocities if the masses and one velocity are known.

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Alyssa Marie L. Palamiano
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120 views13 pages

Momentum

Momentum is defined as mass in motion, and is calculated as momentum (p) equals mass (m) multiplied by velocity (v). An object's momentum can change if an impulse (a force applied over time) is exerted on it. In an inelastic collision between objects, the total momentum before the collision equals the total momentum after collision. This principle can be used to calculate unknown velocities if the masses and one velocity are known.

Uploaded by

Alyssa Marie L. Palamiano
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Momentum

All objects have mass; so if an object is moving, then it has momentum - it has its mass in motion. The amount of momentum which an object has is dependent upon two variables: how much matter is moving? how fast the matter is moving?

Momentum: "mass in motion Equation: p = m x v Unit: kg*m/s

Momentum Questions
1. Determine the momentum of a ... a.) 60 kg halfback moving eastward at 9 m/s.
p = 540 kg*m/s, east

b.) 1000 kg car moving northward at 20 m/s.


p = 20,000 kg*m/s, north

c.) 40 kg man moving southward at 2 m/s.


p = 80 kg*m/s, south

IMPULSE A force applied for a period of time which results in a change of momentum.
Impulse = change in momentum

Ft = p = pf - pi
Ft = mvf - mvi Ft = m (vf vi)

Impulse
A 57 gram tennis ball falls on a tile floor. The ball changes velocity from -1.2 m/s to +1.2 m/s in 0.02 s. What is the change in momentum of the ball? What is the average force on the ball? Mass = 57 g = 0.057 kg Pi = m*vi = 0.057 kg (-1.2 m/s) = -0.0684 kg*m/s Pf = m*vf = 0.057 kg (1.2 m/s) = 0.0684 kg*m/s P = Pf Pi = (0.0684 kg*m/s) - (-0.0684 kg*m/s) Pf Pi = 0.1368 kg*m/s using Ft = P F x (0.02 s) = 0.1368 kg*m/s F= 6.84 N

Applications of the Conservation of Momentum

Inelastic collisions
A train car moving to the right at 10 m/s collides with a parked train car. They stick together and roll along the track. If the moving car has a mass of 8,000 kg and the parked car has a mass of 2,000 kg, what is their combined velocity after the collision?

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

You are asked for the final velocity. You are given masses, and initial velocity of the moving train car. Diagram the problem m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1 + m2) V Solve for V = (merged velocity) m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1 + m2) V (8,000 kg)(10 m/s) + (2,000 kg)(0 m/s)= (8,000 + 2,000 kg)V (80,000 kg*m/s) + (0kg*m/s)= (10,000 kg) V

V = (80,000 kg*m/s) / 10,000 kg V = 8 m/s The train cars moving together to right at 8 m/s.

Inelastic collisions (Head-on collisions)


A 6 kg fish swimming at 1 m/sec swallows a 2 kg fish that is swimming towards it at 2 m/sec. Find the velocity of the fish immediately after lunch. You are asked for the final velocity. You are given masses, and initial velocity of the fishes. Diagram the problem m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1 + m2) V Solve for V = (merged velocity) momentum
before

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

= momentum

after

(m big fishv big fish) + (msmall fishvsmall fish) = (m big fish + msmall fish) V
(6 kg)(1 m/s) + (2 kg)( -2 m/s) = (6 kg + 2 kg) V 6 kg.m/sec + -4 kg.m/sec = (8 kg) V 2 kg.m/sec = (8 kg) V V = m/sec

Inelastic collisions (The chase)


A 6 kg fish is chasing and eventually swallows a 2 kg fish that is swimming away from it at 2 m/sec (to the right). After lunch, the two fishes (after the big one swallowed the small one) moves 3 m/s to the right. Find the initial velocity of the big fish. Diagram the problem m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1 + m2) V Solve for v big fish momentum
before

1. 2. 3.

= momentum

after

(m big fishv big fish) + (msmall fishvsmall fish) = (m big fish + msmall fish) V (6 kg)(v big fish) + (2 kg)( 2 m/s) = (6 kg + 2 kg) 3m/s 6 kg. (v big fish) + 4 kg.m/sec = (8 kg) 3 m/s 6 kg (v big fish) + 4 kg.m/sec = 24 kg m/s 6 kg (v big fish) = 20 kg m/s v big fish = 20/6 m/s or 3.33 m/s

Inelastic collisions (The recoil)


One of those Civil War cannons is fired. It fires a cannon ball at a velocity of 150 m/s. The cannon has a mass of 1200 kg and a recoil velocity of -2 m/s. What is the mass of the cannon ball Find the mass of the canon ball. Diagram the problem (m1 + m2) V = m1v1 + m2v2 Solve for m ball momentum before = momentum after (m cannon + mcannon ball) V = m cannon v cannon + m cannonball v cannonball (1200 + m)(0) = 1200 kg (-2 m/s) + m (150 m/s) 0 = -2400 kg*m/s + m (150 m/s) 2400 kg*m/s = m (150 m/s) m = (2400 kg*m/s) (150 m/s) m = 16 kg

1. 2. 3.

Inelastic collisions (Fireworks - explosion)


A 1 kg fireworks rocket is moving at a speed of v = 50 m/s. The rocket suddenly breaks into two pieces (mass1 = 600 grams, mass2 = 400 grams). If the velocity of the bigger mass is 60 m/s, what is the velocity of the other mass? Find the velocity of the smaller mass. 1. Diagram the problem 2. (m1 + m2) V = m1v1 + m2v2 3. Solve for m 2 momentum before = momentum after (m 1 + m2) V = m1 v1 + m2 v2 (0.60 kg + 0.40 kg)(50 m/s) = (0.60 kg * 60 m/s) + (0.40 kg (v2)) 50 kg*m/s = 36 kg*m/s + (0.40 kg (v2)) 14 kg*m/s = 0.40 kg (v2) v2 = (14 kg*m/s) (0.40 kg) v2 = 35 m/s

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