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Lab 3

This lab aims to investigate the relationship between field current and speed of a DC motor by controlling the field loop resistance. Students will use a DC motor controller and motor to collect speed and current data as the field resistance is varied. A Simulink model of the system is also provided to simulate speed changes with different resistor values. Students will collect data in both forward and reverse directions, plot field current versus speed curves, and analyze the results in a lab report. Safety procedures and equipment details are outlined.

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jisteele
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182 views

Lab 3

This lab aims to investigate the relationship between field current and speed of a DC motor by controlling the field loop resistance. Students will use a DC motor controller and motor to collect speed and current data as the field resistance is varied. A Simulink model of the system is also provided to simulate speed changes with different resistor values. Students will collect data in both forward and reverse directions, plot field current versus speed curves, and analyze the results in a lab report. Safety procedures and equipment details are outlined.

Uploaded by

jisteele
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EET 3500 Lab 3

Wayne State University

Lab 3 Field Speed Control of DC Motors


1. Objective 1.1. Learn how to control DC motor speed by controlling field loop resistance. 1.2. Investigate the relationship between the speed and the field current. 2. Software Program Required Educational version of MATLAB/Simulink V 7.0.4 (R14 SP2) with SimPowerSystems toolbox. 3. Lab Equipment 3.1. Model H-SCR-104 4-Quadrant DC Motor Speed Controller 3.2. Model DCM-100 or DM-100A DC Motor 3.3. Digital multi-meters M-4500 3.4. Tachometer 4. Safety Read the Instructions Completely Before Starting Lab and the Safe Laboratory Procedure in the Appendix. 5. Backgrounds According to equation (1) discussed in the class, we can vary the speed of a dc motor by varying the field flux . Let us now keep the armature voltage Es constant so that the numerator in the equation is constant. Consequently, the motor speed now changes in inverse proportion to the flux : if we increase the flux the speed will drop, and vice versa.

60 E s Z

(1)

where Es is the applied voltage, Z is total number of armature conductors, and n is the rpm speed. To understand this method of speed control, suppose that the motor in Fig. 1 is initially running at constant speed. The counter-emf E0 is slightly less than the armature supply voltage Es due to the IR drop in the armature. If we suddenly increase the resistance of the rheostat, both the exciting current If and the flux will diminish. This immediately reduces the cemf E0, causing the armature current I to jump to a much higher value. The current changes dramatically because its value depends upon the very small difference between Es and E0. Despite the weaker field, the motor develops a greater torque than before. It will accelerate until E0 is again almost equal to Es. Clearly, to develop the same E0 with a weaker flux, the motor must turn faster. We can therefore raise the motor speed above its nominal value by introducing a resistance in 1

EET 3500 Lab 3

Wayne State University

series with the field. For shunt-wound motors, this method of speed control enables highspeed base-speed ratios as high as 3 to 1. Broader speed ranges tend to produce instability and poor commutation.

Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of field speed control for DC motors. Under certain abnormal conditions, the flux may drop to dangerously low values. For example, if the exciting current of a shunt motor is interrupted accidentally, the only flux remaining is that due to the residual magnetism in the poles. This flux is so small that the motor has to rotate at a dangerously high speed to induce the required cemf. Safety devices are introduced to prevent such runaway conditions. 6. Pre-Lab 6.1. Go to the Blackboard system to download the pre-developed simulink file with name FieldSpeedControlDC.mdl. 6.2. Open the file with MATLAB/Simulink. You will see a simulation as shown in Fig. 2. It is the same motor model used for the DC motor starting simulation study. You still see the starting period of the motor in simulation. When the motor enters its stable operation model with a 3 kW load, a 120 ohm resistor is added into the field loop at 15 s. Run the simulation and observe the motor speed waveform (). 6.3. Change the resistor Rf to 180 and 240 ohm and observe the motor speed and output torque (Te) waveforms respectively. 6.4. Report your simulation results before the lab and in the final lab report.

EET 3500 Lab 3

Wayne State University


Saturation Torque is proportional to speed; TL=Bl*w

3000 Load Power 3 kW Timer


g 2 1 In

Divide

DC_Motor 5 hp; 240V; 16.2 A; 1220rpm


TL m

-KDemux Ia rad/s -> rpm w

3 step
Out A+ F+ + v -

dc

A-

starter Motor Starter


F-

Te

E 240 V

Ideal Switch

10 kohm

m Va

Va

Timer1 @ 15 s

Ef=240 V

Ideal Switch1 Continuous ?


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More Info

2 1

Field Control a 5 HP 240V DC Motor Double click on the Help button (?) for details

Timer2 @ 15 s

Ideal Switch2

Rf

Fig. 2. Simulation System of field speed control a DC motor. 7. Lab Procedure 1. Clamp the DM-100 DC Motor securely to the bedplate. Connect the DM-100 to the H-SCR-104 as shown in Fig. 3. 2. Connect one voltmeter (0-150 volts) across the armature and a DC ammeter in the field circuit (0-10 A) as shown in Fig. 3. 3. Plug in the H-SCR-104. Turn the MAX SPEED knob fully clockwise and the SPEED KNOB fully counterclockwise. Be sure all fault switches are off, the feedback switch is in the ARM position, and the speed control switch is in the LOCAL position. The motor's field rheostat should be fully counterclockwise to its minimum resistance position. Set the IR, DEADBAND (DB), ACCEL/DECEL, RESP and CL knobs to their respective mid-positions.

EET 3500 Lab 3

Wayne State University

Fig. 3. Experimental setup. 4. Turn on the H-SCR-104 by turning on the MAIN and then the two circuit breakers on the right side of the unit. Push START and turn the SPEED CONTROL knob slowly to increase the armature voltage until there is 30 volts. Do not apply any more than 30 volts. Record the motor speed, field current, armature voltage and field voltage in Table I. Keep the armature voltage at 30 volts afterwards. 5. Slowly increase the field rheostat by turning it clockwise. Watch the motor speed and record the motor speed and field current for each 20 rpm increment in the motor speed. 6. Repeat Step 5 until the maximum position of rheostat is reached. However, do not let the motor run over 1600 rpm. 7. Change the direction of rotation and repeat Steps 3, 4, 5 and 6 and record data in Table II. 8. Plot the field current vs. motor speed curves for both rotating directions and report the results in your final lab report.

EET 3500 Lab 3

Wayne State University

Table I Forward Direction Armature Voltage (V) Field Voltage (V) Field Current (A) Motor Speed (rpm)

EET 3500 Lab 3 Table II Reverse Direction Armature Voltage (V) Field Voltage (V) Field Current (A)

Wayne State University

Motor Speed (rpm)

EET 3500 Lab 3

Wayne State University

8. Lab Report
For each Lab, it is expected that all members in a team cooperate to complete the Lab report (rather than taking turns to prepare the Lab report). The Lab report should include the following sections (if applicable): (1) The motivation, (2) Record the specification data of experiment equipment, (3) Experimental procedure, (4) Specific Lab assignments/questions, (5) Organized Data (in tables and plots) and data analysis, and (6) Your conclusions. Clear presentation of the information is essential. The Lab report should be a complete description of what you did in the Lab and what you learned from it. Explain clearly what you have done, and at the same time, do not write long essays. Technical reports are an essential element of an engineer life. That is how you communicate with your peers and people working above you. Each team must prepare its own lab report. Copied Lab reports and experimental/simulation are unacceptable.

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