BIOLOGY 12 PROVINCIAL EXAM MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION GUIDE

This package represents a very powerful learning tool for you. I have, with the help of my student, Parmit Chilana, organized a large collection of multiple choice questions from past Provincial E ams. The questions are organized !y topic in the same chapter order that we will cover in class. "t the end of this package is an answer key. #y recommendations for using this resource are as follows$ 1. DO ALL THE QUESTIONS in this booklet. These are actual Provincial Exam questions! Your own provincial exam will include questions very much like these ones A ! my chapter and unit tests will "eature some o" these very same questions! #. RESIST THE URGE TO LOOK AT THE ANSWER KEY until you have $iven all the questions in the section your best e""ort. !on%t do one question& then look at the key& then do another and look at the key& and so on. Each time you look one answer in the key& your eye will notice other answers around them& and this will reduce the e""ectiveness o" those questions in helpin$ you to learn. '. LEARN FROM YOUR MISTAKES! (" you $et a question wron$& fi !"# $!% &'(! (" you are havin$ di""iculty& %)*+ %$ ($!" ,%!-( .)"%/#"& or maybe .'$/# ,$0#$/# i/ ($!" )*.') "$!. $" P##" T!%$"i/ "$!.. )et to$ether with $roup members or other students "rom class and work on these questions to$ether. Explain how you $ot your answers to tou$h questions to others. (n explainin$ yoursel" to someone else& you will learn the material better yoursel" *try it!!+ Ask your teacher to explain the question to you durin$ tutorial or a"ter school. Your goal should be to get 100% on any Biology 12 multiple choice test , learnin$ "rom your mistakes in this booklet will really help you in your e""orts to meet this $oal! -. T'i, i, REALLY CRUCIAL1 D$ N$% , I repeat , DO NOT& 0)"+ %'# )/,&#" )/(&'#"# $/ %'# 2!#,%i$/, %'#0,#*3#,. .or example& do not circle any o" A / 0 or !%s in the choices. 1hy not2 (" you do& you can never use that question effectively a$ain to study. (nstead& I "#4$00#/- %')% ($! &"i%# ($!" )/,&#", $/ ,#.)")%# ,'##%, $f .).#". That way& you can test yoursel" e""ectively over and over a$ain. 3ust to the le"t o" the question number& there is a box. 4se this box to put an asterisk or small note to yoursel". .or example& an asterisk *556+ mi$ht mean that you $ot that question wron$ and need to come back to it a$ain a"ter reviewin$ the course material a$ain. A check mark mi$ht mean that you have $otten this question ri$ht three times in a row& and you never need to $o over it a$ain. You $et the idea2 TABLE OF CONTENTS /(787)(0A8 978E048E:.................................................................................................................................. 1 ! A ; P<7TE( :Y T=E:(:.............................................................................................................................. ' T=E 0E88.............................................................................................................................................................. 0E88 9E9/<A E ; T<A :P7<T...................................................................................................................... E >Y9E:.............................................................................................................................................................. ? !()E:T(7 ; =49A 7<)A (>AT(7 .............................................................................................................. ? 0(<048AT7<Y :Y:TE9...................................................................................................................................... @ /877!.................................................................................................................................................................. A <E:P(<AT7<Y :Y:TE9.................................................................................................................................... 1B EC0<ET7<Y :Y:TE9....................................................................................................................................... 11 E<D74: :Y:TE9............................................................................................................................................ 1' 0A 0E<.............................................................................................................................................................. 1? <EP<7!40T(DE :Y:TE9................................................................................................................................. 1E A :1E< FEY!!................................................................................................................................................... 1@ BIOLOGIC AL MOLE CULE S
B B C D B A D 1. 2. !. (. -. /. 0. The factor being tested in an experiment is the A. data. B. variable. C. conclusion. D. observation. A possible explanation for an event that occurs in nature is called a(n) A. prediction. B. h pothesis. C. observation. D. anal sis of data. "sing the information belo#$ #hat is the correct order for the steps of scientific in%uir & 1. Theor 2. Conclusion !. ' pothesis (. )xperimentation A. 1$ !$ 2$ ( B. !$ ($ 1$ 2 C. !$ ($ 2$ 1 D. ($ 1$ 2$ ! 1. *tate a theor . 2. Collect data. !. +ormulate a h pothesis. (. )xperiment. ,hich of the follo#ing is the correct order for the scientific method& A. 1$ !$ ($ 2 B. 1$ ($ 2$ ! C. !$ 1$ 2$ ( D. !$ ($ 2$ 1 The part of an experiment that is sub.ected to all of the procedures except the one being tested is called the A. data. B. control. C. test sample. D. dependent variable. An explanation for observed phenomena that is supported b man experiments is called A. a theor . B. a control. C. homeostasis. D. an h pothesis. A group of people #as used to test the effectiveness of a ne# toothpaste compared to their regular toothpaste. ,hich of the follo#ing procedures represents a controlled test& A. 'ave ever one in the group brush #ith the ne# toothpaste. B. 'ave ever one brush #ith both their regular toothpaste and the ne# toothpaste. C. 'ave half the group brush #ith the ne# toothpaste and the other half not brush their teeth. D. 'ave half the group brush #ith the ne# toothpaste and the other half #ith their regular tooth1paste. The gro#th rate in most plants increases #hen #ater suppl is plentiful. A possible explanation #ould be that #ater is a reactant in photos nthesis. This explanation is an example of A. a theor . B. a h pothesis. C. a conclusion. D. an observation. The maintenance of the bod 4s constant internal environment is termed A. s nthesis. B. h drol sis. C. replication. D. homeostasis. #1--G'''1.doc Pa$e 1

B D

2. 3.

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B D C D D A B C A C C C B C D B A B B A B D A C B C D A A A B D D D A A D B C A D A B D D D A B B C C A D

15. 11. 12. 1!. 1(. 1-. 1/. 10. 12. 13. 25. 21. 22. 2!. 2(. 2-. 2/. 20. 22. 23. !5. !1. !2. !!. !(. !-. !/. !0. !2. !3. (5. (1. (2. (!. ((. (-. (/. (0. (2. (3. -5. -1. -2. -!. -(. --. -/. -0. -2. -3. /5. /1. /2.

A role of #ater in cells of the human bod is to A. emulsif fats. B. act as a solvent. C. act as an en6 me. D. denature proteins. A #ater molecule .oins #ith an ad.acent #ater molecule b forming a(n) A. ionic bond. B. peptide bond. C. covalent bond. D. h drogen bond. ,hich of the follo#ing is necessar for h drogen bonding& A. 7eptide bonds. B. ' drogen ions. C. 7olar molecules. D. )%ual sharing of electrons. The polarit of a #ater molecule results from A. more of the protons being in the h drogen nucleus. B. more of the electrons being near the h drogen nucleus. C. the e%ual numbers of protons in h drogen and ox gen. D. the une%ual sharing of electrons bet#een h drogen and ox gen. ,ater molecules are connected to each other b A. buffers. B. h drol sis. C. peptide bonds. D. h drogen bonds. ,ater allo#s chemical reactions in cells to occur because it A. acts as a solvent. B. evaporates readil . C. is less dense as a solid. D. promotes deh dration s nthesis. 8f the p' of a solution changes from 2 to -$ then the solution has A. become a base. B. lost h drogen ions. C. become more acidic. D. gained h drogen ions. A substance that prevents large changes in the p' of a solution is A. D9A. B. #ater. C. a buffer. D. an en6 me. *ubstances that increase the concentration of h drogen ions in a solution are A. acids. B. bases. C. en6 mes. D. polar molecules. Blood has a p' that is slightl basic. A sample of blood containing a buffer is treated #ith a #ea: acid. ,hich p' value #ould result& A. 1.-0 B. /.02 C. 0.!2 D. 1!.21 The p' of blood is slightl basic. ,hich of the follo#ing #ould be the p' of blood& A. 2.5 B. /.2 C. 0.( D. 15.! Acids are defined as compounds that dissociate in #ater to release A. chloride ions Cl1 B. calcium ions Ca;; C. h drogen ions '; D. h droxide ions <'1 ,hich of the follo#ing differences bet#een acids and bases is correct& A. Acids are harmful$ bases are not. B. Acids lo#er the p'$ bases raise the p'. C. Acids release amino groups$ bases release gl cerol. D. Acids release h droxide ions$ bases release h drogen ions. <rganisms maintain p' at a constant level through the use of A. salts. B. #ater. C. buffers. D. carboh drates. The process that .oins amino acids together to ma:e en6 mes is A. oxidation. B. h drol sis. C. denaturation. D. deh dration s nthesis. ,hich of the follo#ing is a unit molecule of h drol sis& A. AD7 #hen it is being converted into AT7. B. Cellulose #hen it is being converted into glucose. C. +att acids #hen the are being converted into lipid. D. Amino acids #hen the are being converted into protein. ,hich of the follo#ing is an amino (amine) group& A. 9'2 B. <'=1 C. 7<(=! D. C<<' The level of protein structure represented b the alpha1helix shape is A. primar . B. secondar . C. tertiar . D. %uaternar . The linear se%uence of amino acids found in an en6 me is called its A. tertiar structure. B. primar structure. C. secondar structure. D. %uaternar structure. 7roteins ma denature #hen A. p' is changed. B. ox gen is present. C. the form en6 mes. D. substrate concentration is increased. ,hen a protein loses its normal three1dimensional configuration$ it is said to be A. saturated. B. denatured. C. neutrali6ed. D. s nthesi6ed. ,hich of the follo#ing is a function of some proteins& A. )mulsif fats. B. >a:e up genes. C. >a:e up cell #alls. D. *peed up chemical reactions. A glucose molecule contains A. six carbon atoms. B. t#o high1energ phosphates. C. three fatt acids and gl cerol. D. a long chain of carboh drate rings. The building bloc:s or monomers that ma:e up carboh drates are A. nucleotides. B. amino acids. C. monosaccharides. D. fatt acids and gl cerol. ,hich of the follo#ing molecules is a carboh drate& A. C! '0<29 B. C/'12</ C. C1!'2/<2 D. C25'(5<2 Carboh drates are composed of A. amino acids. B. nucleic acids. C. monosaccharides. D. gl cerol and fatt acids. The unit molecule of a protein is A. glucose. B. gl cerol. C. a fatt acid. D. an amino acid. ?lucose in cells is used primarily A. as an energ source. B. to produce membranes. C. to store genetic material. D. to produce en6 mes that catal 6e reactions. The brea:do#n of a disaccharide ma produce A. glucose. B. gl cerol. C. fatt acids. D. amino acids. The bending and folding of a protein molecule #ould produce a A. tertiar structure. B. primar structure. C. secondar structure. D. linear se%uence of amino acids. ,hich of the follo#ing is made up of a long chain of glucose molecules& A. D9A. B. *tarch. C. 7epsin. D. 7hospholipid. The bonding of a glucose molecule and a maltose molecule #ould result in a A. trigl ceride. B. disaccharide. C. phospholipid. D. pol saccharide. The h drol sis of #hich of the follo#ing substances #ill produce the greatest number of glucose molecules& A. >altose. B. *ucrose. C. A disaccharide. D. A pol saccharide. The ma.or component of a plant cell #all is a product formed from the deh dration s nthesis of A. fatt acids. B. nucleotides. C. amino acids. D. monosaccharides. The main difference bet#een cellulose and starch molecules is A. the t pe of lin:age bet#een glucose subunits. B. that onl cellulose contains ribose building bloc:s. C. that onl starch is made from glucose building bloc:s. D. the t pe of monosaccharide used to form these pol mers. 15. 'o# man double bonds are there bet#een carbon atoms in a saturated fatt acid& A. 5 B. 1 C. 2 D. more than 2 A characteristic of unsaturated fats is that the A. denature as the cool. B. are made up of glucose and fructose. C. are made up of amino acids and gl cerol. D. have double bonds in their carbon chains. ,hich of the follo#ing are components of a phospholipid& A. cholesterol$ gl cerol$ fatt acids B. fatt acids$ phosphate group$ gl cerol C. gl cerol$ amino acids$ phosphate group D. phosphate group$ cholesterol$ monosaccharides Compared to saturated fats$ unsaturated fats contain less A. ox gen. B. gl cerol. C. h drogen. D. fatt acids. A lipid molecule is produced #hen A. fatt acids bond to gl cerol. B. amino acids bond to gl cerol. C. monosaccharides bond to gl cogen. D. deh dration occurs bet#een fatt acids and gl cogen. @ipids are composed of A. nucleotides. B. amino acids. C. monosaccharides. D. gl cerol and fatt acids. The carbon chain of a saturated fatt acid A. has no double bonds. B. is the basis of the AT7 molecule. C. forms h drogen bonds #ith itself. D. has a repeating bac:bone of sugars and phosphates. An unsaturated fat could be changed into a saturated fat if A. peptide bonds #ere bro:en. B. h drogen atoms #ere added. C. gl cerol molecules #ere added. D. fatt acid chains #ere shortened. +att acids containing double bonds are found in A. proteins. B. saturated lipids. C. pol saccharides. D. unsaturated lipids. ,hich of the follo#ing t pes of bonding occurs during complementar base pairing& A. ionic B. peptide C. covalent D. h drogen 9ucleic acids are composed of A. glucose B. en6 mes C. fatt acids D. nucleotides. )nerg released from the brea:do#n of monosaccharides in the c toplasm is stored in A. AT7. B. A9A. C. D9A. D. AD'. ,hich of the follo#ing is not a part of a nucleotide& A. *ugar. B. ?l cerol. C. 7hosphate. D. 9itrogen base. ,hich of the follo#ing is composed of nucleotides& A. +at. B. A9A. C. *tarch. D. 7rotein. 8n the human bod $ steroid molecules can act as A. buffers. B. vacuoles. C. hormones. D. coen6 mes. ,hich of the follo#ing represents the structure of a nucleotide& A. *alt = lipid = base. B. ?lucose = glucose = glucose. C. 7hosphate = sugar = nitrogenous base. D. Amino acid = amino acid = amino acid. ,hich of the follo#ing disrupts homeostasis& A. 7ositive feedbac:. B. 7ressure filtration. C. Thermoregulation. D. Cellular respiration. ,hich of the follo#ing is an example of negative feedbac:& A. +lipping a s#itch turns on a light. B. Turning on the lights increases the rate of plant gro#th. C. Turning up a dial on the oven increases the temperature. D. The thermostat shuts off the furnace as the room temperature reaches 25 B C. #1--G'''1.doc Pa$e #

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D D D D A D B C C C B C D D A D D

/!. /(. /-. //. /0. /2. /3. 05. 01. 02. 0!. 0(. 0-. 0/. 00. 02. 03.

A substance #hich helps maintain a constant p' in a solution is a(n) A. salt. B. acid. C. base. D. buffer. The maintenance of a constant p' of the blood is achieved b A. acids. B. bases. C. #ater. D. buffers. A substance that combines #ith excess h drogen or h droxide ions in a solution is called A. a salt. B. a base. C. an acid. D. a buffer. The chemical reactions in the small intestine ta:e place in a basic (al:aline) environment. ,hich number indicates this basic p'& A. 2.- B. (./ C. /.3 D. 2.*ome biologicall 1important molecules dissolve easil in #ater because the #ater molecule is A. polar. B. organic. C. saturated. D. a pol mer. ,hich of the follo#ing describes h drol sis& A. Ta:ing up excess h droxide ions. B. >a:ing a pol mer b removing #ater. C. >a:ing #ater b combining an acid and a base. D. Adding #ater to brea: a pol mer into unit molecules. ,hich substance is produced in every deh dration s nthesis reaction& A. +at. B. ,ater. C. 7rotein. D. Carboh drate. * nthesis of protein involves the bonding of amino acids to A. glucose. B. gl cerol. C. peptides. D. fatt acids. ,hich of the follo#ing is an example of denaturation& A. ,ater free6ing. B. *ugar dissolving in #ater. C. )gg #hite forming a solid #hen heated. D. Butter changing from a solid to a li%uid. A radioactive element is sometimes used to trace the path#a of chemical reactions in the cell. 8f ne#l s nthesi6ed proteins are radioactive$ the radioactive element used could be A. sodium. B. chlorine. C. nitrogen. D. potassium. 1. Catal sts. 2. Building bloc:s of D9A. !. *tructural components of cell membrane. (. >ain source of energ in cellular respiration. 7roteins act as A. 1 and 2. B. 1 and !. C. 2 and !. D. ! and (. ,hat is the ratio of h drogen to ox gen molecules in a carboh drate& A. 1C1 B. 1C2 C. 2C1 D. !C1 The bonding of unit molecules to produce a pol saccharide is called A. h drol sis. B. translation. C. cellular respiration. D. deh dration s nthesis. ,hich of the follo#ing is made up of glucose molecules& A. +ats. B. D9A. C. 7roteins. D. Cellulose. An increase in th roxin #ill have #hich of the follo#ing effects& A. increased C< 2 production B. increased gl cogen production C. decreased rate of AT7 production D. decreased rate of glucose metabolism (. ,hich of the follo#ing is a pol mer& A. AT7. B. ?lucose. C. ?l cerol. D. Cellulose. 8ncreased levels of th roxin in the blood result in decreased levels of T*'. This is an example of A. diffusion. B. active transport. C. positive feedbac:. D. negative feedbac:

DNA 6 PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

B C D B C C C A C A C D D B D B D A A D C C B A A A D B 1. 2. !. (. -. /. 0. 2. 3. 15. 11. 12. 1!. 1(. 1-. 1/. 10. 12. 13. 25. 21. 22. 2!. 2(. 2-. 2/. 20. 22. <ne of the functions of D9A is to A. secrete vacuoles. B. ma:e copies of itself. C. .oin amino acids to each other. D. carr genetic information out of the nucleus. T#o sugars found in nucleic acids are A. sucrose and ribose. B. glucose and fructose. C. deox ribose and ribose. D. deox ribose and glucose. The number of adenine bases in a D9A molecule e%uals the number of th mine bases because A. D9A contains e%ual numbers of all four bases. B. th mine al#a s follo#s adenine on each D9A strand. C. D9A is made of alternating adenine and th mine bases. D. adenine on one strand bonds to th mine on the other strand. ,hich of the follo#ing #ould not occur during complementar base pairing& A. A1T B. "1? C. C1? D. A1" ,hich of the follo#ing describes a D9A molecule& A. Double helix of glucose sugars and phosphates. B. @adder1li:e structure composed of fats and sugars. C. Double chain of nucleotides .oined b h drogen bonds. D. A chain of alternating phosphates and nitrogenous bases. ,hich of the follo#ing is an example of complementar base pairing& A. Th mine = uracil. B. ?uanine = adenine. C. Adenine = th mine. D. C tosine = th mine. ,hich of the follo#ing is the correct matching of base pairs in D9A& A. Adenine=?uanine and Th mine="racil. B. ?uanine=C tosine and Adenine="racil. C. Adenine=Th mine and ?uanine=C tosine. D. ?uanine=Th mine and Adenine=C tosine. D9A replication involves the brea:ing of bonds bet#een A. bases. B. sugars and bases. C. phosphates and bases. D. sugars and phosphates. ,hich of the follo#ing statements best describes DNA replication& A. tA9A$ b complementar base pairing #ith mA9A$ produces proteins. B. A9A nucleotides$ b complementar base pairing #ith D9A$ produce D9A. C. D9A nucleotides$ b complementar base pairing #ith D9A$ produce D9A. D. A9A nucleotides$ b complementar base pairing #ith D9A$ produce tA9A. The base found in A9A nucleotides but not in D9A nucleotides is A. uracil ("). B. adenine (A). C. guanine (?). D. c tosine (C). The product of transcription is A. D9A. B. protein. C. mA9A. D. a ribosome. A section of D9A has the follo#ing se%uence of nitrogenous basesC CGATTACAG ,hich of the follo#ing se%uences #ould be produced as a result of transcription& A. C?T""TCT? B. ?CTAAT?TC C. C?A""ACA? D. ?C"AA"?"C mA9A is produced in the process called A. respiration. B. translation. C. replication. D. transcription. A function of transfer A9A (tA9A) is to A. sta in the nucleus and be copied b D9A. B. carr amino acids to the gro#ing pol peptide chain. C. cop D9A and carr the information to the ribosome. D. read the codons and provide the site for protein s nthesis. ,hich of the follo#ing best describes the function of mA9A& A. 8t sta s in the nucleus and is copied b D9A. B. 8t carries amino acids to the gro#ing pol peptide chain. C. 8t ma:es up the ribosomes and provides the site for protein s nthesis. D. 8t is transcribed from the D9A and carries the information to the ribosome. The molecule that is responsible for carr ing amino acids to ribosomes is A. D9A. B. tA9A. C. rA9A. D. mA9A. A pol peptide found in the c toplasm of a cell contains 12 amino acids. 'o# man nucleotides #ould be re%uired in the mA9A for this pol peptide to be translated& A. ( B. 12 C. 2( D. !/ 8f the nucleotide se%uence of an anticodon #as A"C$ then the D9A triplet #ould be A. ATC. B. TA?. C. A"C. D. "A?. 8f the code for an amino acid is A?C on the D9A molecule$ the anticodon on the tA9A #ould be A. A?C B. T?C C. "C? D. "?C During protein s nthesis$ peptide bonds are formed at the A. nucleus. B. nucleolus. C. l sosomes. D. ribosomes. Determine the se%uence of amino acids produced b this D9A se%uenceC GGAGTTTTC A. 7roline$ Daline$ @ sine. B. ?l cine$ Daline$ @eucine. C. 7roline$ ?lutamine$ @ sine. D. ?l cine$ ?lutamic acid$ @eucine. Use the following information to answer the question 1. "racil bonds #ith adenine. 2. Complementar bonding bet#een codon and anticodon. !. D9A un6ips. (. mA9A .oins #ith ribosome. The correct order of the above during protein s nthesis is A. 1$ 2$ ($ ! B. 1$ !$ 2$ ( C. !$ 1$ ($ 2 D. !$ 2$ 1$ ( The tA9A anticodon for the D9A se%uence A?T #ould be A. "CA. B. A?". C. TCA. D. A?T. A change in the se%uence of bases in a strand of D9A that occurs as a result of exposure to E1ra s is an example of A. mutation. B. denaturation. C. transcription. D. protein s nthesis. +or a substance to be classified as a mutagen$ it must cause A. a change in D9A. B. en6 mes to denature. C. h drol sis of proteins. D. mA9A to be produced. ,hich of the follo#ing #ould be a result of the substitution of one base pair in D9A b a different base pair during replication& A. A mutation #ould occur. B. tA9A #ould bond to D9A. C. 7hosphate #ould .oin #ith adenine. D. "racil #ould appear in the D9A strand. Aecombinant D9A is defined as D9A produced from A. A9A and a protein. B. D9A and hemoglobin. C. viral D9A and glucose. D. D9A of t#o different organisms. ,hen a foreign gene is incorporated into an organism4s nucleic acid$ the resulting molecule is called A. AT7. B. recombinant D9A. C. transfer A9A (tA9A). D. messenger A9A (mA9A). #1--G'''1.doc Pa$e '

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A C D B D

23. !5. !1. !2. !!.

8f the triplet code on a D9A molecule changes from ACT to A?C$ the result is called A. mutation. B. metastasis. C. translation. D. transcription. Use the following events to answer the question! 1. mA9A is formed. 2. D9A segment opens (un6ips). !. mA9A attaches to ribosomes. (. amino acids form peptide bonds. -. tA9A carries amino acids to mA9A. /. The correct order of events re%uired for protein s nthesis is A. 1$ 2$ !$ ($ -. B. 2$ 1$ !$ ($ -. C. 2$ 1$ !$ -$ (. D. 2$ 1$ ($ -$ !. ,hich of the follo#ing terms describes the process sho#n belo#& DNA m"NA A. "n6ipping. B. Translation. C. Aeplication. D. Transcription. <ne of the functions of D9A is to A. secrete vacuoles. B. ma:e copies of itself. C. .oin amino acids to each other. D. carr genetic information out of the nucleus. A role of mA9A in protein s nthesis is to A. form ribosomes. B. form the protein4s tertiar structure. C. carr appropriate amino acids into place. D. carr genetic information out of the nucleus.

THE CELL
C A C C C D C B D D B C D D D B A B B B C D B A A D D C D D 1. 2. !. (. -. /. 0. 2. 3. 15. 11. 12. 1!. 1(. 1-. 1/. 10. 12. 13. 25. 21. 22. 2!. 2(. 2-. 2/. 20. 22. 23. !5. T#o functions of rough endoplasmic reticulum are to A. detoxif and transport drugs. B. modif and activate hormones. C. s nthesi6e and transport en6 mes. D. .oin #ith and h drol 6e food vacuoles. 8n #hich of the follo#ing is the greatest amount of deox ribonucleic acid (D9A) found& A. nucleus B. ribosome C. nucleolus D. nuclear envelope #ost of the cell membrane is made from A. steroids. B. proteins. C. phospholipids. D. pol saccharides. ,hich organelle contains en6 mes that digest old cells& A. nucleus B. ribosome C. l sosome D. ?olgi bod *peciali6ed vacuoles containing molecules that catal 6e the h drol sis of macromolecules are A. nucleoli. B. ribosomes. C. l sosomes. D. chromosomes. An organelle composed of membranous tubules that s nthesi6e testosterone is the A. vacuole. B. ?olgi apparatus. C. rough endoplasmic reticulum. D. smooth endoplasmic reticulum. The most abundant molecules in the cell membrane are A. steroids. B. proteins. C. phospholipids. D. carboh drates. A function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum is to A. form ribosomes. B. s nthesi6e lipids. C. store nucleic acid. D. brea:do#n carboh drates. ,hich of the follo#ing contains large amounts of h drol tic en6 mes& A. Centriole. B. Aibosome. C. 9ucleolus. D. @ sosome. Cells #hich re%uire large amounts of energ #ould li$ely contain relativel high numbers of A. centrioles. B. chloroplasts. C. ?olgi bodies. D. mitochondria. A function of l sosomes is A. s nthesis. B. h drol sis. C. replication. D. respiration. <ne of the components of a cell4s c tos:eleton is composed of A. plastids. B. c toplasm. C. microtubules. D. chromosomes. ,hich organelle functions as a storage and pac:aging site& A. Aibosome. B. @ sosome. C. >itochondrion. D. ?olgi apparatus. An organelle composed of a stac: of flattened saccules ma function to A. propel the cell. B. replicate D9A. C. produce glucose. D. pac:age proteins. An organelle composed of a stac: of flattened saccules ma function to A. propel the cell. B. replicate D9A. C. produce glucose. D. pac:age proteins. 8n #hich one of the follo#ing organelles is light energ used to produce simple sugars& A. @ sosomes. B. Chloroplasts. C. >itochondria. D. )ndoplasmic reticulum. 1!. A biologist determined the surface area and volume of four cellsC t#o flat cells #ith the same thic:ness and t#o spherical cells. ,hich of the four cells #ould have the greatest surface area to volume ratio& A. The small$ flat cell #ith a volume of - microlitres. B. The small$ spherical cell #ith a volume of - microlitres. C. The large$ flat cell #ith a volume of 15 microlitres. D. The large$ spherical cell #ith a volume of 15 microlitres. During the metamorphosis from tadpole to frog$ #hich of the follo#ing organelles #ould cause the cells of the tail of a tadpole to be bro:en do#n and digested& A. ribosomes B. l sosomes C. ?olgi bodies D. endoplasmic reticulum ,hich of the follo#ing organelles is correctl matched #ith its product& A. nucleolus F D9A B. mitochondria F AT7 C. ?olgi apparatus F lipid D. smooth endoplasmic reticulum F protein ,hich of the follo#ing organelles brea:s do#n dead cells& A. nucleus B. l sosome C. ?olgi apparatus D. rough endoplasmic reticulum +or digestion to occur in a vacuole$ the vacuole must first fuse #ith a A. nucleus. B. ribosome. C. l sosome. D. ?olgi bod . @ sosomes can be expected to be present in large numbers in cells #hich A. have cilia. B. produce centrioles. C. are activel dividing. D. carr out phagoc tosis. ,hich of the follo#ing is found in both pro:ar otic and eu:ar otic cells& A. 9ucleus. B. Aibosome. C. @ sosome. D. >itochondrion. ,hich of the follo#ing is a component of both pro:ar otic and eu:ar otic cells& A. Cell #all. B. Chloroplasts. C. ?olgi bodies. D. >itochondria. Bacteria are pro:ar otic cells. ,hich of the follo#ing structures is found in both bacteria and plant cells& A. Cell #all. B. Chloroplast. C. >itochondrion. D. 9uclear membrane. During da light hours$ green plants carr on A. respiration onl . B. photos nthesis onl . C. respiration and fermentation. D. photos nthesis and respiration. A stac: of saccules that prepares secretor vesicles is :no#n as a A. plastid. B. l sosome. C. nucleolus. D. ?olgi bod . 7ro:ar otic cells are different from eu:ar otic cells in that pro:ar otic cells lac: A. cell #alls. B. ribosomes. C. mitochondria. D. cell membranes. The cells that ma:e up an organ that is active in producing steroid hormones have abundant numbers of #hich of the follo#ing organelles& A. Aibosomes and l sosomes. B. Chloroplasts and mitochondria. C. 9ucleoli and rough endoplasmic reticulum. D. *mooth endoplasmic reticulum and ?olgi bodies. ,hat is the se%uence of organelles that a secreted protein #ould have passed through on its .ourne out of a cell& A. >itochondria$ ?olgi apparatus$ cell membrane. B. Cell membrane$ mitochondria$ ?olgi apparatus. C. ?olgi apparatus$ rough endoplasmic reticulum$ cell membrane. D. Aough endoplasmic reticulum$ ?olgi apparatus$ cell membrane.

CE LL ME MBR ANE 6 TR AN S P ORT

B B A B A C B C A C A 1. 2. !. (. -. /. 0. 2. 3. 15. 11. Carrier molecules that bring materials into cells are A. lipids. B. proteins. C. gl cogen. D. phospholipids. The fluid1mosaic membrane model describes the membrane as having a A. sheet of protein. B. phospholipid bila er. C. sugar1phosphate bac:bone. D. complementar base template. >olecules in the cell membrane that function as receptors are A. proteins. B. gl cerol. C. cholesterol. D. phospholipids. Cell membranes are composed mainl of A. sugars and phosphates. B. phospholipids and proteins. C. carboh drates and cellulose. D. nucleotides and carboh drates. ,hich of these substances cannot pass through cell membranes& A. *tarch. B. ?l cerol. C. Amino acids. D. >onosaccharides. ,hich of the follo#ing conditions is re%uired for diffusion to occur& A. AT7 energ . B. A living cell. C. A concentration difference. D. A selectivel 1permeable membrane. The rate of diffusion across the cell membrane is affected b the A. temperature and pinoc tosis. B. temperature and si6e of the molecule. C. membrane structure and phagoc tosis. D. shape of gl colipids and gl coproteins. +rog eggs placed in an isotonic solution #ill A. burst. B. shrin:. C. remain the same. D. increase in volume. ,hen put in a h potonic environment$ an animal cell #ill A. s#ell. B. shrin:. C. secrete en6 mes. D. remain unchanged. ,hich of the follo#ing conditions #ould cause red blood cells to burst& A. p' of 0.-. B. Temperature of !BC. C. Being placed in distilled #ater. D. Being placed in an 11G salt solution. The c toplasmic concentration of solute in a cell is 5.5-G. This cell is placed in a solution that causes the cell to s#ell and burst. The solute concentration of this #1--G'''1.doc Pa$e -

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solution is A. 5.55-G B. 5.5-G C. 5.-G D. -.5G 8n an experiment$ frog4s eggs #ere placed in a salt solution. After several hours their mass increased significantl . ,e can therefore conclude that$ compared to the frog4s eggs$ the solution #as A. isotonic. B. saturated. C. h potonic. D. h pertonic. A cell #ould tend to gain #ater if it #ere moved from A. an isotonic solution to a h potonic solution. B. an isotonic solution to a h pertonic solution. C. a h potonic solution to an isotonic solution. D. a h potonic solution to a h pertonic solution. 8f the solute concentration of solution A is greater than solution B$ then solution A is said to be A. isotonic to solution B. B. osmotic to solution B. C. h potonic to solution B. D. h pertonic to solution B. ,hich of the follo#ing moves material against a concentration gradient& A. osmosis B. diffusion C. active transport D. facilitated transport ,hich of the follo#ing processes moves molecules using cellular energ & A. <smosis. B. Diffusion. C. 7inoc tosis. D. +acilitated transport. ,hich of the follo#ing processes #ould be directl affected b a lac: of cellular AT7& A. <smosis. B. Diffusion. C. Active transport. D. +acilitated transport. 7inoc tosis is accomplished b the cell using the A. nucleus. B. cell #all. C. c toplasm. D. cell membrane. The process ta:ing #hen a cell engulfs larger protein molecules and internali6es them in vescicles is A. osmosis. B. exoc tosis. C. phagoc tosis. D. facilitated transport 'o# man of the follo#ing factors #ould affect the permeabilit of the cell membrane& H *i6e of molecules H @ipid solubilit of molecules H 7resence of transport channels H 7resence of AT7 inside the cell. A. <ne. B. T#o. C. Three. D. +our. ,hich of the follo#ing aids the movement of glucose across a cell membrane& A. 7rotein. B. 7hosphate. C. ?l colipid. D. Cholesterol. A shortage of available AT7 #ould hinder a cell4s abilit to import A. #ater. B. protein. C. ox gen. D. carbon dioxide. ,hich of the follo#ing #ill be affected directl if the mitochondria in a cell are not functioning properl & A. Absorption of alcohol b the cell. B. The movement of #ater into and out of the cell. C. The movement of ox gen across the cell membrane. D. The movement of sugar from a lo# to a high concentration. A slice of potato placed in distilled #ater becomes firm after several hours because A. salt has passed into the potato cells. B. cellulose s nthesis in the cell #all has been stimulated. C. #ater has passed into the potato cells causing the cells to s#ell. D. #ater has passed out of the potato cells causing the cells to shrin:. ?l cogen is not normall found in the blood because A. free glucose molecules are stored as starch. B. free glucose molecules are converted to amino acids. C. gl cogen can be structurall incorporated directl into the cell #all. D. gl cogen molecules are unable to diffuse through the cell membrane. The cell process #hich uses AT7 to bring substances into the cell is A. osmosis. B. diffusion. C. active transport. D. facilitated transport.

EN7YMES
C D C B B C C B C C B A C B B B B 1. 2. !. (. -. /. 0. 2. 3. 15. 11. 12. 1!. 1(. 1-. 1/. 10. )n6 mes function to increase the rate of a metabolic reaction b A. denaturing the substrate. B. adding energ to the reaction. C. decreasing the energ of activation. D. increasing the concentration of the reactants. An en6 me speeds up a chemical reaction b A. regulating p'. B. acting as a buffer. C. preventing denaturation. D. lo#ering the energ of activation. The role of an en6 me in a chemical reaction is to A. emulsif fats. B. prevent denaturation. C. speed up the reaction. D. buffer an acids or bases. )n6 mes often A. absorb fatt acids. B. help in h drol sis reactions. C. serve as a long term source of energ . D. serve as the structural frame#or: of cell #alls. 8n the cell$ en6 mes act as A. buffers. B. catal sts. C. neurotransmitters. D. emulsif ing agents. )n6 mes consist of chains of A. fatt acids. B. nucleotides. C. amino acids. D. carboh drates. Compounds that are needed for en6 mes to function properl are A. buffers. B. steroids. C. vitamins. D. heav metals. A non1protein molecule that aids the action of an en6 me to #hich it is loosel bound is called a(n) A. initiator. B. coen6 me. C. competitive inhibitor. D. en6 me1 substrate complex. The area of an en6 me into #hich a substrate fits is called the A. catal st. B. product. C. active site. D. activated complex. The molecule that fits into the en6 me4s active site is the A. codon. B. vitamin. C. substrate. D. coen6 me. The active site of an en6 me is A. formed b the substrate. B. altered b heav metals. C. altered b the substrate concentration. D. destro ed during its reaction #ith a substrate. 'igh concentrations of th roxin in the blood #ill cause metabolic reactions in a cell to A. speed up. B. slo# do#n. C. stop occurring. D. remain unchanged. ,h #ould drugs li:e penicillin destro bacteria but have no effect on human cells& A. 'uman en6 mes #ould be denatured b penicillin. B. Bacterial cells #ould use penicillin as a coen6 me. C. 7enicillin #ould fit the active site of bacterial en6 mes. D. )n6 mes in human cells #ould use penicillin to produce excess energ . Th roxin treatment can be used to stimulate #eight loss in some people #ith an endocrine deficienc . This treatment #ill A. cause a loss of appetite. B. increase the metabolic rate. C. prevent the conversion of fatt acids to fat. D. accelerate the conversion of glucose to gl cogen. The pituitar gland secretes a hormone into the bloodstream #hich stimulates the production of th roxin. 8n turn$ production of th roxin is inhibited b A. the effect of th roxin on the adrenal gland. B. the effect of th roxin on the pituitar gland. C. decreasing the amount of calcium in the diet. D. increasing the amount of iodine in the blood. The tertiar structure of an en6 me is A. its helical orientation in space. B. its three1dimensional$ globular shape. C. the particular se%uence of amino acids. D. the arrangement of several proteins to create a functional unit. A reaction catal 6ed b a human en6 me #as carried out at 25IC. 8f there is an excess of substrate$ #hich of the follo#ing #ould cause the greatest increase in the rate of the reaction& A. @o#ering the temperature to 15IC. B. Adding more en6 me and raising the temperature to !5IC. C. Adding more substrate and raising the temperature to !5IC. D. Adding more en6 me and lo#ering the temperature to 15IC.

DIGES TION 6 HUM AN ORGANI 7 ATI ON

C C A D C D D D D 1. 2. !. (. -. /. 0. 2. 3. Tissue lining the esophagus is A. nervous. B. muscular. C. epithelial. D. connective. ,hich of the follo#ing is a connective tissue& A. *:in. B. Brain. C. Blood. D. >uscle. *imilar cells #hich are .oined together form A. a tissue. B. an organ. C. c toplasm. D. an organ s stem. Tissues that hold structures together and provide support and protection are A. nerve tissues. B. epithelial tissues. C. epidermis tissues. D. connective tissues. 1. <rgan 2. Cell !. <rgan s stem (. Tissue +rom left to right$ the se%uence that represents increasing complexit is A. 1$ !$ 2$ ( B. 2$ 1$ !$ ( C. 2$ ($ 1$ ! D. 2$ ($ !$ 1 Blood is a t pe of A. nervous tissue. B. epithelial tissue. C. muscular tissue. D. connective tissue. Digestion is defined as the process #hereb A. glucose is converted to gl cogen. B. carbon dioxide is reduced to carboh drate. C. proteins are absorbed into the bloodstream. D. food is chemicall and ph sicall bro:en do#n. ,hich of the follo#ing describes peristalsis& A. the ph sical brea:do#n of fats B. production of vitamins b E. coli C. release of en6 mes b the pancreas D. muscle contractions of the digestive tract A patient complains of a burning sensation in the chest. This #as found to be caused b gastric .uice in the esophagus. The structure most li$ely not functioning properl is the A. phar nx. B. epiglottis. C. p loric sphincter. D. cardiac sphincter.

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Che#ing food aids digestion b A. stimulating the release of bile. B. increasing the surface area of the food. C. brea:ing up large protein molecules into peptides. D. completing the chemical brea:do#n of carboh drates. The purpose of ph sical digestion is to A. h drol 6e large molecules. B. increase the amount of feces. C. increase the surface area of food. D. slo# the action of digestive en6 mes. The purpose of ph sical digestion is to A. h drol 6e large molecules. B. increase the amount of feces. C. increase the surface area of food. D. slo# the action of digestive en6 mes. ,hich of the follo#ing structures prevents food from entering the trachea& A. @ar nx. B. 7har nx. C. )piglottis. D. Cardiac sphincter. The part of the digestive tract #here starch first undergoes chemical digestion is the A. mouth. B. stomach. C. large intestine. D. small intestine. *aliva contains an en6 me that partiall digests A. fat. B. starch. C. protein. D. nucleic acids. )ating #hich of the follo#ing #ould slo# the rate of chemical digestion in the mouth& A. Cheese. B. 8ce cream. C. 7otato chips. D. Bread #ith butter. ,hich of the follo#ing is re%uired to convert pepsinogen into pepsin& A. >ucus secretions. B. ' drochloric acid. C. *odium bicarbonate. D. @ipid in the stomach. A role of h drochloric acid in the stomach is to A. :ill bacteria. B. h drol 6e fat. C. digest protein. D. activate tr psin. *odium bicarbonate ( 9a'C<! ) in pancreatic .uice A. emulsifies fats. B. activates pepsin. C. neutrali6es acid ch me. D. stimulates the release of insulin. ,hich of the follo#ing #ould inhibit tr psin4s abilit to form an en6 me1substrate complex& A. p' of !. B. Temperature of !JJC. C. 8ncreased bile production. D. Decreased numbers of villi. ,hich of the follo#ing is not a function of pancreatic .uice& A. Aaising p'. B. )mulsif ing. C. *tarch digestion. D. 7rotein digestion. ,hich of the follo#ing is a function of pancreatic .uice& A. lo#ering p'. B. )mulsif ing. C. fat digestion. D. 7rotein absorption. 8f sodium bicarbonate (9a'C<! ) is not released as part of the pancreatic .uice$ the p' of the A. stomach #ill remain basic. B. pancreas #ill become acidic. C. large intestine #ill become basic. D. small intestine #ill remain acidic. 7ancreatic .uices are A. basic. B. acidic. C. the source of secretin. D. unnecessar for the digestion of fat. The chemical digestion of fats is a result of the release of secretions from the A. pancreas. B. gall bladder. C. small intestine. D. salivar glands. Tr psin functions best in #hich of the follo#ing conditions& A. basic B. acidic C. neutral D. lo# p' ,hich organ has a large surface area and has special adaptations for the absorption of fats& A. mouth B. stomach C. esophagus D. small intestine 7eristalsis in the esophagus A. moves food to the stomach. B. opens the p loric sphincter. C. activates the salivar glands. D. causes the secretion of pepsinogen. The function of the p loric sphincter is to prevent the bac:flo# of material from the A. esophagus to the mouth. B. duodenum to the stomach. C. stomach to the esophagus. D. colon to the small intestine. A function of the small intestine is to A. secrete bile. B. filter #astes. C. ma:e vitamins. D. absorb nutrients. ,hich of the follo#ing en6 mes is correctl matched #ith its site of production& A. 7epsin = liver. B. @ipase = stomach. C. Am lase = pancreas. D. Tr psin = salivar glands. The en6 me am lase is produced b #hich organs& A. @iver and duodenum. B. Duodenum and pancreas. C. *alivar glands and liver. D. 7ancreas and salivar glands. ,hich pair of en6 mes have similar substrates& A. 7epsin and tr psin. B. 7epsin and maltase. C. Am lase and lipase. D. >altase and peptidase. ,hich of the follo#ing carries out chemical digestion& A. 8nsulin. B. ?astrin. C. Tr psin. D. *ecretin. An example of absorption is the A. movement of food b peristalsis. B. active transport of glucose into a villus. C. h drol sis of a peptide into amino acids. D. release of secretin in the presence of 'Cl. ,hich of the follo#ing is an example of ph sical digestion& A. ' drol sis. B. Aelease of gastrin. C. Churning in the stomach. D. Action of lipase in the small intestine. The presence of large numbers of mitochondria in the cells lining the small intestine allo#s it to A. release 'Cl. B. produce bile. C. absorb glucose. D. s nthesi6e vitamins. ,hich of the follo#ing en6 mes is correctl matched #ith its source& A. Am lase = stomach. B. 7eptidase = pancreas. C. Tr psin = small intestine. D. >altase = small intestine. *tructures of the small intestine that aid in the absorption of nutrients include A. villi. B. cilia. C. E. Coli. D. sphincters. 'igh levels of toxins in the blood ma indicate a problem #ith the function of the A. liver. B. stomach. C. pancreas. D. small intestine. The liver pla s vital roles in all of the follo#ing s stems except the A. nervous s stem. B. digestive s stem. C. excretor s stem. D. circulator s stem. Ditamins and amino acids are produced in the large intestine b A. feces. B. bacteria. C. the cells of the villi. D. the reabsorption of #ater. A function of the liver is to A. produce glucagon. B. brea: do#n blood cells. C. regulate sodium and potassium levels. D. secrete en6 mes into the small intestine. 7roducts of the liver include A. pepsin$ gastrin and bile. B. bile$ proteases and urea. C. bile$ urea and blood proteins. D. proteases$ am lases and lipase. 8f a person4s liver fails$ #hich process listed belo# #ould stop& A. Digestion of proteins. B. Destruction of red blood cells. C. *torage of starch bet#een meals. D. Aeabsorption of #ater from the digestive tract. The emulsification of fats is a result of the release of secretions from the A. pancreas. B. gall bladder. C. small intestine. D. salivar glands. The emulsification of fat is carried out b A. bile. B. lipase. C. pepsin. D. bicarbonate ions. Bile causes the emulsification of A. lipids. B. proteins. C. nucleic acids. D. carboh drates. 7eople #ho have their gall bladder removed have the most difficult digesting A. butter. B. apples. C. vitamins. D. egg #hites. The gall bladder functions to A. store bile. B. digest fats. C. store urine. D. release sodium bicarbonate. )mulsification of fat is the function of A. bile. B. lipase. C. pepsin. D. sodium bicarbonate (9a'C< !). Aemoval of the gall bladder #ould affect a person4s abilit to digest A. lipids. B. sugars. C. proteins. D. carboh drates. The release of cholec sto:inin (CCK) #ould most li$ely be triggered after a meal of A. fruit. B. meat. C. bread. D. lettuce. <ne function of the l mphatic s stem is to A. deliver ox gen to bod tissues. B. store fluids during deh dration. C. absorb fats from the digestive s stem. D. carr platelets to sites of vessel in.ur . @acteals primarily absorb A. lipids. B. proteins. C. minerals. D. carboh drates. Bile is released as a result of A. gastrin entering the blood. B. s mpathetic nerves being stimulated. C. the duodenum secreting CCK (cholec sto:inin). D. the presence of carboh drates in the digestive tract. ,hich of the follo#ing supports the idea that the secretion of en6 mes from the pancreas is controlled b hormones& A. The sight and smell of food causes the pancreas to secrete en6 mes. B. 8f the nerves leading to the pancreas are cut$ no en6 mes are secreted. C. 8f there is no food in the stomach$ the pancreas #ill not secrete en6 mes. D. 8f the nerves leading to the pancreas are cut and #ea: acid is placed in the intestine$ the pancreas secretes en6 mes. The secretion of cholec sto:inin (CCK) #ill be stimulated b the presence of A. pol peptides and glucose. B. partiall digested protein and fats. C. partiall digested starch and #ater. D. completel digested carboh drates and #ater. ,hat #ould occur if sodium bicarbonate ions #ere removed from pancreatic .uice& A. Decreased amounts of bile #ould be released. B. 8ncreased ' 2 < #1--G'''1.doc Pa$e E

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absorption #ould occur in the colon. C. The cells lining the small intestine #ould be damaged. D. Digestion of nutrients in the small intestine #ould increase. The absorption of #ater from the digestive tract occurs mainl in the A. colon. B. :idne s. C. stomach. D. duodenum. 7opulations of E. coli are found in the A. liver. B. colon. C. pancreas. D. gall bladder. The main source of energ for the bod 4s metabolic processes comes from the brea:do#n of A. lipids. B. proteins. C. nucleic acids. D. carboh drates. ,hich of the follo#ing are absorbed into the l mphatic s stem from the small intestine& A. @ipids. B. 9ucleotides. C. Amino acids. D. >onosaccharides. Absorption of most nutrients from the digestive tract occurs in the A. liver. B. stomach. C. pancreas. D. small intestine. An example of absorption is the A. movement of food b peristalsis. B. active transport of glucose into a villus. C. h drol sis of a peptide into amino acids. D. release of secretin in the presence of 'Cl. E. coli are beneficial to humans because the A. convert pepsinogen to pepsin. B. produce vitamins and amino acids. C. absorb #ater from the large intestine. D. s nthesi6e urea from the brea:do#n of amino acids. 8n humans$ the bacteria E. coli are normally found #ithin the A. colon. B. mouth. C. pancreas. D. small intestine. H colon H pancreas H gall bladder H small intestine H salivar glands 'o# man of the structures above produce en6 mes that digest carboh drates& A. t#o B. three C. four D. five ,hich organelles are found in greater amounts in a cell that produces en6 mes for the digestion of starches& A. ?olgi bodies and nuclei B. l sosomes and smooth endoplasmic reticulum C. ?olgi bodies and rough endoplasmic reticulum D. smooth endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria ,hich t#o en6 mes brea: do#n the same substrate& A. tr psin and pepsin B. pepsin and peptidase C. lipase and salivar am lase D. pancreatic am lase and maltase 8ncreasing the secretion of insulin #ould have #hich of the follo#ing effects& A. decreased blood sugar B. decreased metabolic rate C. increased protein s nthesis D. increased digestion of carboh drate ,hen salivar am lase enters the stomach$ it becomes A. basic. B. buffered. C. activated. D. denatured. ,hich of the follo#ing correctl matches a digestive en6 me #ith its source& A. 7epsin L pancreas. B. Bile L gall bladder. C. Tr psin L stomach. D. Am lase L pancreas. *ecretions from the salivar glands catal 6e #hich of the follo#ing reactions& A. protein M ' 2< Mpeptides B. peptides M'2< Mamino acids C. carboh drates M'2< Mmaltose D. fats M'2< Mfatt acids and gl cerol ,hich of the follo#ing #ould prevent maltase from forming an en6 me1substrate complex& A. p' of 2.- B. a competitive inhibitor C. increased production of bile D. an increase in substrate concentration T#o glands that are responsible for secreting protein1digesting en6 mes are A. salivar and gastric. B. gastric and pancreas. C. th roid and pancreas. D. intestinal and th roid. Blood glucose levels are lo#ered b insulin because it stimulates A. gluconeogenesis. B. the upta:e of glucose b cells. C. the conversion of glucose to fatt acids. D. the conversion of glucose to amino acids. Am lase is s nthesi6ed at the A. nucleus. B. ribosome. C. l sosome. D. mitochondrion. The follo#ing events ta:e place after eating a protein1rich meal. 1. The pancreas releases sodium bicarbonate(9a'C<!). 2. 7epsinogen is converted into pepsin. !. ?astrin is released into the bloodstream. (. Acid ch me stimulates the release of secretin. 7lace these events in the correct order for digestion. A. !$ 2$ ($ 1. B. !$ ($ 2$ 1. C. ($ 2$ !$ 1. D! 2$ ($ 1$ !. Difficult in absorbing glucose could indicate malfunctioning of the A. colon. B. stomach. C. gall bladder. D. small intestine. The main source of energ in food is A. proteins. B. vitamins. C. nucleic acids. D. carboh drates. Bread that has been partiall digested b saliva tends to have a s#eet taste. ,hich en6 me and substrate are involved& A. 7epsin and starch. B. 7epsin and protein. C. Am lase and starch. D. Am lase and protein. The digestion of starch is catal 6ed b a pol mer made up of A. fatt acids. B. nucleotides. C. amino acids. D. monosaccharides. 8n a demonstration$ 15 grams of ra# meat #ere suspended in an en6 me solution. After several hours the meat #as #eighed and #as found to have a mass of ! grams. The solution most li$ely contained A. bile. B. pepsin. C. maltase. D. am lase. The role of bile during digestion is to A. stimulate the release of gl cogen. B. h drol 6e neutral fats into fatt acids. C. catal 6e the brea:do#n of peptides into amino acids. D. brea: fat into droplets thereb increasing surface area. Abnormal liver function in humans affects the digestion of A. fats. B. sugars. C. proteins. D. starches. ?lucose levels in the blood are lo#ered b the hormone A. insulin. B. glucagon. C. ox tocin. D. cholec sto:inin (CCK). ,hich of the follo#ing en6 mes is correctl matched #ith its substrate& A. Am lase=fat. B @ipase=starch. C. 7epsin=protein. D. Tr psin=gl cogen. A piece of stomach #all is grafted into the s:in of a mammal. The presence of food in the stomach causes this patch of stomach #all on the s:in to produce gastric .uices. This is evidence that the secretion of gastric .uice is most li:el brought about b A. peristalsis. B. nervous stimulation. C. the secretion of a hormone. D. mechanical stimulation of the stomach #all ,hich of the follo#ing is a function of insulin& A. 8nitiating the Nfight or flight4 response. B. Decreasing glucose concentration in the blood. C. 8ncreasing the calcium ions concentration in the blood. D. Decreasing the sodium ions concentration in the blood

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
B A D D C C A B C C 1. 2. !. (. -. /. 0. 2. 3. 15. ,hich t pe of blood vessel has thic: #alls in order to #ithstand high pressure& A. vein B. arter C. arteriole D. capillar Use the following characteristics to answer the question H one1#a valves H thin elastic la er H near s:eletal muscle These characteristics describe #hich t pe of vessel& A. vein B. arter C. arteriole D. capillar Blood vessels that allo# diffusion of gases through their thin #alls are the A. arteries. B. venules. C. arterioles. D. capillaries. The main function of capillaries is to A. return blood to the heart. B. prevent the bac:flo# of blood. C. ta:e blood a#a from the heart. D. exchange nutrients and #astes #ith tissues. ,hich of the follo#ing blood vessels has a thin elastic la er& A. Aorta. B. 7ulmonar arter . C. 7osterior vena cava. D. >esenteric capillar . Capillar beds are e%uipped #ith sphincter muscles in order to A. prevent the bac:flo# of blood. B. expand and recoil #ith each heart beat. C. divert blood to#ard areas of increased metabolic activit . D. hold blood in the beds until nutrient and #aste exchange is complete. ,hich of the follo#ing best describes a vein& A. Thin1#alled$ elastic$ and e%uipped #ith valves. B. Thic:1#alled$ elastic$ and e%uipped #ith valves. C. Thin1 #alled$ muscular$ and supplied #ith nerves. D. Thic:1#alled$ muscular$ and supplied #ith nerves. The function of an arter is to A. transport blood to#ard the heart. B. transport blood a#a from the heart. C. connect the right and left atria directl . D. carr carbon dioxide to the tissue cells. A blood vessel that transports blood out of a capillar bed is a(n) A. vein. B. arter . C. venule. D. arteriole. The most muscular chamber of the heart is the A. left atrium. B. right atrium. C. left ventricle. D. right ventricle.

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Based on its function$ the heart is often referred to as a Odouble pumpP. ,hich of the follo#ing #ould explain this& A. The heart has t#o sets of valves. B. The heart is controlled b both nerves and hormones. C. The heart moves blood through t#o circulator path#a s. D. The heart moves blood containing both nutrients and #astes. The structures attached to the atrioventricular valves are called A. atria. B. pulmonar veins. C. semilunar valves. D. chordae tendineae. The main function of the valves in the heart is to A. prevent bac:1flo# of blood. B. divide the heart into four chambers. C. control the volume of blood leaving the heart. D. control the volume of blood entering the heart. Blood leaves the right ventricle via the A. aorta. B. pulmonar trun:. C. coronar arteries. D. anterior vena cava. An irregular heartbeat #here contraction of the atria does not al#a s result in contraction of the ventricles$ li:el indicates a problem #ith the A. *A node. B. AD node. C. AD valve. D. semi1lunar valve. A condition called tach cardia exists #hen a person4s heartrate is abnormall high. ,hich of the follo#ing explains ho# tach cardia ma arise& A. The 7ur:in.e fibres are over1stimulating the pacema:er. B. The sinoatrial (*A) node is receiving increased stimulation. C. There is increased stimulation b the paras mpathetic nervous s stem. D. 8mpulses from the sinoatrial (*A) node are not reaching the atrioventricular (AD) node. The atrioventricular (AD) node stimulates the A. aorta. B. 7ur:in.e fibers. C. sinoatrial (*A) node. D. atrioventricular valves. The coordinating structure responsible for an intrinsic heart beat is the A. cerebellum. B. sinoatrial node. C. chordae tendineae. D. s mpathetic nervous s stem. ,hat happens during atrial diastole& A. Atria fill #ith blood. B. *emi1lunar valves close. C. Dentricles fill #ith blood. D. Atrioventricular valves open. Use the following information to answer the question! 1. * stole of the ventricles. 2. <pening of the atrio1ventricular valves. !. )lectrical impulse sent from the *A node. (. Atria fill #ith blood. The order in #hich the events above occur during one heartbeat (the cardiac c cle) is A. 2$ 1$ !$ ( B. 2$ !$ ($ 1 C. ($ 1$ !$ 2 D. ($ !$ 2$ 1 The blood vessels that carr blood to and from the head are the A. iliac arteries and veins. B. subclavian arteries and veins. C. carotid arteries and .ugular veins. D. anterior (superior) and posterior (inferior) vena cavae. The path follo#ed b blood on one circuit through the heart is A. ventricle$ atrioventricular valve$ semilunar valve$ atrium. B. atrium$ atrioventricular valve$ ventricle$ semilunar valve. C. atrium$ ventricle$ atrioventricular valve$ semilunar valve. D. atrium$ semilunar valve$ ventricle$ atrioventricular valve. ,hich of the follo#ing is a characteristic of pulmonar circulation& A. Blood leaves the heart via the aorta. B. Blood in the arteries is deox genated. C. Blood in the veins is travelling to the lungs. D. Blood in capillaries absorbs high levels of carbon dioxide. The blood vessel that carries blood from the lungs to the heart is the A. coronar vein. B. coronar arter . C. pulmonar vein. D. pulmonar arter . Blood leaves the liver b #a of the A. iliac vein. B. renal vein. C. hepatic vein. D. hepatic portal vein. Blood #ith a high ox gen concentration can be found in both the A. renal arter and the pulmonar arter . B. umbilical vein and the pulmonar vein. C. pulmonar vein and the umbilical arter . D. pulmonar arter and the umbilical arter . ,hich of the follo#ing is a characteristic of s stemic circulation& A. 'ighl ox genated arterial blood. B. 'ighl ox genated venous blood. C. 8ncreased blood pressure in the veins. D. Decreased blood pressure in the arteries. A red blood cell leaves the aorta$ ma:es a circuit through the bod and arrives bac: in the capillaries of the alveoli. The correct se%uence of organs through #hich the cell ma have travelled is A. lungs$ heart$ small intestine$ liver. B. small intestine$ heart$ liver$ lungs. C. liver$ lungs$ small intestine$ heart. D. small intestine$ liver$ heart$ lungs. ,hich of the follo#ing #ould describe the path of the blood in the pulmonar circuit& A. Aight ventricle pulmonar trun: pulmonar vein left atrium. B. @eft ventricle pulmonar vein pulmonar trun: right atrium. C. Aight ventricle pulmonar vein pulmonar arter left atrium. D. Aight atrium pulmonar trun: aorta vena cava right atrium. The correct path of blood from the heart to the head and bac: to the heart again is A. right ventricle$ vena cava$ carotid arter $ .ugular vein$ left atrium. B. left ventricle$ aorta$ .ugular vein$ vena cava$ carotid arter $ right atrium. C. left ventricle$ aorta$ carotid arter $ .ugular vein$ vena cava$ right atrium. D. right atrium$ carotid arter $ aorta$ .ugular vein$ vena cava$ left ventricle. The arter that provides ox gen and nutrients to heart tissue is the A. carotid. B. s stemic. C. coronar . D. pulmonar . 8n #hich of the follo#ing vessels #ould blood contain the highest concentration of carbon dioxide& A. Aorta. B. Carotid arter . C. 7ulmonar vein. D. 7ulmonar arter . ,hich of the follo#ing is a characteristic of s stemic circulation& A. 'ighl ox genated arterial blood. B. 8ncreased blood pressure in the veins. C. @o# carbon dioxide concentration in the veins. D. 8ncreased concentration of reduced hemoglobin (''b) in the arterial blood. A red blood cell is located in an arter in our right arm. 'o# man capillar beds must this cell pass through before it is returned to the left ventricle& A. one B. t#o C. three D. four An increase in #hich of the follo#ing #ould cause h potension& A. heart rate B. cardiac output C. arteriole dilation D. reabsorption of #ater b the :idne s ' pertension #ould be indicated b a blood pressure reading of A. 155 L 25 B. 125 L -5 C. 125 L 25 D. 1-5 L 115 ,hich of the follo#ing is normal resting s stolic blood pressure for an adult& A. -5 mm 'g B. 25 mm 'g C. 125 mm 'g D. 125 mm 'g Blood pressure #ill be at its highest #hen A. atria relaxes. B. atria contracts. C. ventricles relax. D. ventricles contract. The highest blood pressure in the aorta occurs #hen the A. atria contract. B. heart muscle is relaxed. C. blood is pushed to the ventricle. D. blood is pumped from the heart. The highest blood pressure in the aorta occurs #hen the A. atria contract. B. heart muscle is relaxed. C. blood is pushed to the ventricle. D. blood is pumped from the heart. Capillar beds are e%uipped #ith sphincter muscles in order to A. prevent the bac:flo# of blood. B. expand and recoil #ith each heart beat. C. divert blood to#ard areas of increased metabolic activit . D. hold blood in the beds until nutrient and #aste exchange is complete. The function of the nodes in the l mphatic s stem is to A. filter debris. B. produce platelets for clotting. C. brea: do#n #orn1out red blood cells. D. help maintain a constant blood pressure. Blood capillaries and l mph capillaries both A. filter bacteria. B. have one1#a valves. C. contain red blood cells. D. have #alls #hich are one1cell thic:. @ mph enters the circulator s stem at the A. .ugular vein. B. umbilical vein. C. subclavian vein. D. pulmonar vein. ,hich of the follo#ing is not found in the l mphatic s stem& A. Deins. B. 9odes. C. Arteries. D. Capillaries. ,hich of the follo#ing #ould occur as a result of the oval opening in the heart remaining open after birth& A. Blood pressure in the lungs #ould increase. B. 8mpulses from the sinoatrial (*A) node #ould stop. C. Blood in the right atrium #ould mix #ith blood in the left atrium. D. A greater amount of blood #ould flo# into the pulmonar s stem. ,hich of the follo#ing structures in fetal circulation functions to deliver blood$ #hich is high in #aste$ to the placenta& A. Denous duct. B. "mbilical vein. C. 7ulmonar veins. D. "mbilical arteries. ,hich of the follo#ing structures in fetal circulation functions to deliver blood$ #hich is high in #aste$ to the placenta& A. Denous duct. B. "mbilical vein. C. 7ulmonar veins. D. "mbilical arteries. 'o# do the ox gen and nutrient levels in the adult vena cava compare to those levels in the fetal vena cava& A. The fetal ox gen and nutrient levels are higher. B. The adult ox gen and nutrient levels are higher. C. The fetal nutrient levels are higher$ #hile the ox gen levels are lo#er. D. The adult nutrient levels are

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higher$ #hile the ox gen levels are lo#er. B D B C A B C B -5. -1. -2. -!. -(. --. -/. -0. The function of the cardiac sphincter is to prevent bac:flo# of acid ch me from the A. esophagus to the mouth. B. stomach to the esophagus. C. duodenum to the stomach. D. colon to the small intestine. The se%uence of structures through #hich the nerve impulse passes to cause contraction of the heart is A. AD node = *A node = 7ur:in.e fibres. B. 7ur:in.e fibres = AD node = *A node. C. 7ur:in.e fibres = *A node = AD node. D. *A node = AD node = 7ur:in.e fibres. Thic: #alls$ elastic tissue and smooth muscle are characteristics of A. veins. B. arteries. C. arterioles. D. capillaries. Bloc:ages in #hich of the follo#ing blood vessels reduces blood flo# to the heart muscle& A. Aorta. B. Carotid arter . C. Coronar arter . D. 7ulmonar arter . A blood vessel #hich has numerous valves is a(n) A. vein. B. arter . C. arteriole. D. capillar . 'igh blood pressure can be the result of A. decreased blood volume. B. increased sodium absorption. C. decreased aldosterone release. D. increased opening of capillar beds. ,hich of the follo#ing blood vessels provides nutrients to the heart tissue& A. Aorta. B. Carotid arter . C. Coronar arter . D. 8nferior vena cava. The *A node (pacema:er) of the heart is located in the #all of the A. left atrium. B. right atrium. C. left ventricle. D. right ventricle.

BLOOD
B A B B C B D C D C A A A D C C C D C A B D C C C C D 1. 2. !. (. -. /. 0. 2. 3. 15. 11. 12. 1!. 1(. 1-. 1/. 10. 12. 13. 25. 21. 22. 2!. 2(. 2-. 2/. 20. ,hich of the follo#ing is a function of red blood cells& A. clot blood B. carr ox gen C. fight infection D. regulate osmotic pressure The ma.or component of human blood is A. plasma. B. platelets. C. red cells. D. #hite cells. Use the following information to answer the question H transport gases H maintain bod temperature H protect the bod against blood loss H produce hormones that stimulate metabolism H carr digestive en6 mes to the small intestine 'o# man of these are functions of the blood& A. t#o B. three C. four D. five A foreign substance that stimulates an immune response is a(n) A. cancer. B. antigen. C. antibod . D. promoter. ,hich of the follo#ing correctl matches structure #ith function& A. platelets F provide immunit B. plasma proteins F carr ox gen C. red blood cells F carr carbon dioxide D. #hite blood cells F initiate blood clotting 7lasma is composed mostly of A. salt. B. #ater. C. protein. D. hormones. All of the follo#ing are components of plasma except A. salts. B. #ater. C. proteins. D. platelets. Aed blood cells originate in the A. liver. B. l mph nodes. C. bone marro#. D. capillar beds. The main function of platelets is to A. fight disease. B. carr ox gen. C. carr nutrients. D. aid in blood clotting. An important function of #hite blood cells is to A. buffer blood. B. carr ox gen. C. fight infection. D. carr carbon dioxide. Blood proteins are made in the A. liver. B. :idne . C. stomach. D. pancreas. Blood #hich lac:s platelets #ould not be able to A. clot. B. carr ox gen. C. fight infections. D. transport nutrients. Blood #hich lac:s platelets #ould not be able to A. clot. B. carr ox gen. C. fight infections. D. transport nutrients. Use the following information to answer the question 1. Calcium activates an en6 me. 2. +ibrin binds platelets to form a Oplug.P !. Thrombin converts fibrinogen to fibrin. (. 7latelets and damaged cells release an activator. The correct se%uence of events leading to the formation of a blood clot is A. 1$ 2$ !$ (. B. 2$ 1$ !$ (. C. !$ ($ 1$ 2. D. ($ 1$ !$ 2. ,hich of the follo#ing is %irectly involved in the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin& A. +ibrin. B. Carbonic anh drase. C. Calcium ions (Ca 2;) D. >agnesium ions (>g2;) Arrange the follo#ing steps in the se%uence #hich occurs during an inflammator reaction. 1. 7us forms at in.ur site. 2. Damaged cells release histamines. !. 8ncreased permeabilit of the capillar #all. (. *#elling and redness at in.ur site. A. 1$ 2$ ($ ! B. 2$ 1$ !$ ( C. 2$ !$ ($ 1 D. !$ ($ 2$ 1 Arrange the follo#ing steps in the se%uence #hich occurs during an inflammator reaction. 1. 7us forms at in.ur site. 2. Damaged cells release histamines. !. 8ncreased permeabilit of the capillar #all. (. *#elling and redness at in.ur site. A. 1$ 2$ ($ ! B. 2$ 1$ !$ ( C. 2$ !$ ($ 1 D. !$ ($ 2$ 1 ,hat occurs #hen an antigen enters the bod & A. There is increased platelet production. B. Aed blood cells phagoc ti6e the antigen. C. Antibodies change shape to fit the antigen. D. *pecific antibodies are produced and released. The presence of bacteria in the blood #ill cause the bod to produce A. mucus. B. antigens. C. antibodies. D. h drochloric acid. Aapid production of l mphoc tes in the l mph nodes #ould indicate the presence of A. an infection. B. h potension. C. h pertension. D. capillar fluid exchange. A foreign substance entering the circulator s stem is called a(n) A. platelet. B. antigen. C. antibod . D. hormone. A person #ith t pe AB blood has A. A antigens and B antibodies. B. both A and B antigens and A and B antibodies. C. no A or B antigens but both A and B antibodies. D. both A and B antigens but no A or B antibodies. ,hich of the follo#ing blood transfusions is compatible& A. Donor t pe A and recipient t pe <. B. Donor t pe A and recipient t pe B. C. Donor t pe < and recipient t pe B. D. Donor t pe AB and recipient t pe <. )r throblastosis could occur #hen a second or third child is born to #hich of the follo#ing couples& A. Ah positive male and Ah positive female. B. Ah negative male and Ah positive female. C. Ah positive male and Ah negative female. D. Ah negative male and Ah negative female. An Ah negative mother is pregnant for the first time #ith an Ah positive fetus. Qust prior to birth some fetal blood cells cross the placenta into the mother. ,hich of the follo#ing #ill occur& A. The fetus #ill die before birth. B. The mother #ill become Ah positive. C. The mother #ill produce Ah antibodies. D. The fetal red blood cells #ill become Ah negative. ,hich chamber of the heart pumps ox genated blood into the aorta& A. left atrium B. right atrium C. left ventricle D. right ventricle "se the follo#ing information to ans#er the %uestion 1. Desicle fuses #ith a l sosome. 2. Bacterium is ta:en into the macrophage. !. Digestion of the bacterium occurs. (. Desicle is formed around the bacterium. ,hich of the follo#ing is the correct se%uence to describe #hat happens to a bacterium after a t pe of #hite blood cell called a macrophage encounters it& A. 1$ !$ 2$ ( B. 1$ ($ 2$ ! C. 2$ !$ ($ 1 D. 2$ ($ 1$ ! ,hich of the follo#ing #ould increase the rate of a metabolic reaction in the mouth& A. Adding lead ions. B. 8ncreasing the p' to 12. C. Decreasing the temperature to 15 RC. D. 8ncreasing the en6 me concentration. ,hich of the follo#ing organs has a portal s stem associated #ith it& A. *:in. B. @ung. C. @iver. D. 'eart. The osmotic return of fluid from the tissues to the blood occurs at the A. arterioles. B. l mph veins. C. capillar bed. D. subclavian vein. The vein carr ing the highest concentration of ox gen is the A. iliac. B. renal. C. hepatic. D. pulmonar . Aed blood cells are formed b A. muscle tissue. B. nervous tissue. C. epithelial tissue. D. connective tissue. ,hen blood enters a vein from a venule$ the blood pressure #ill A. increase because of increased heart rate. B. decrease because of increased vessel diameter. C. increase because of stretch receptor stimulation. D. remain constant due to the stead pumping of the heart. A substance that combines #ith calcium in the blood ma affect the circulator s stem4s abilit to A. fight infection. B. maintain blood pressure. C. transport ox gen to tissues. D. clot blood at damaged sites.

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,hich of the follo#ing are needed to begin blood clotting& A. Aed cells and platelets. B. ,hite cells and red cells. C. 7latelets and plasma proteins. D. ,hite cells and plasma proteins. A person complains of constant fatigue and a lac: of energ . The most li$ely cause of these s mptoms is not enough A. fibrin. B. calcium. C. histamine. D. hemoglobin.

RE S PIR AT OR Y S YS TE M
C A C C D C A C A B C D A D C D B A B C C A A A B C C D B D A B C A A D D A D B 1. 2. !. (. -. /. 0. 2. 3. 15. 11. 12. 1!. 1(. 1-. 1/. 10. 12. 13. 25. 21. 22. 2!. 2(. 2-. 2/. 20. 22. 23. !5. !1. !2. !!. !(. !-. !/. !0. !2. !3. (5. Blood reaches the lungs from the heart through the A. aorta. B. pulmonar vein. C. pulmonar arteries. D. superior vena cava. >ucus is moved along the respirator tract b A. cilia. B. flagella. C. peristalsis. D. active transport. An increase in the rate of contractions of the diaphragm and rib muscles #ould indicate A. decreased h drogen ion concentration. B. decreased reduced hemoglobin in the blood. C. increased concentration of bicarbonate ion in the blood. D. increased concentration of ox hemoglobin in the blood. The diaphragm assists breathing b A. moving the ribs up. B. stimulating the lungs to absorb ox gen. C. changing the volume of the thoracic cavit . D. allo#ing the lungs to move freel in the thoracic cavit . 8nhalation is caused b A. the diaphragm moving up and the ribs moving in. B. the diaphragm moving up and the ribs moving out. C. the diaphragm moving do#n and the ribs moving in. D. the diaphragm moving do#n and the ribs moving out. The destruction of the cilia lining the respirator tract #ould result in A. decreased breathing rate. B. decreased mucus production. C. increased debris in the air#a s. D. increased temperature in the lungs. Alveoli #ould not be characteri6ed as A. muscular. B. thin1#alled. C. vasculari6ed. D. secreting a lipoprotein. Air pressure is reduced inside the thoracic cavit #hen A. the rib muscles relax. B. the diaphragm moves up. C. the rib cage moves up and out. D. the pleural membranes collapse. Cilia in the trachea A. remove debris. B. produce mucus. C. move b peristalsis. D. increase the surface area. The pleural membranes begin to expand and stretch #hen A. both the diaphragm and rib muscles relax. B. both the diaphragm and rib muscles contract. C. the diaphragm contracts and the rib muscles relax. D. the diaphragm relaxes and the rib muscles contract. Cilia are found in the A. lar nx. B. alveoli. C. trachea. D. esophagus. ,hich of the follo#ing is caused b the contraction of the diaphragm& A. )xhalation. B. Aelaxation of the rib muscles. C. Do#n#ard movement of the rib cage. D. 8ncrease in volume of the chest cavit . The vocal chords are found in #hich structure& A. @ar nx. B. Bronchi. C. 7har nx. D. )piglottis. ,hich of the follo#ing occurs during expiration& A. Diaphragm and rib muscles contract. B. Diaphragm contracts and rib cage lifts. C. Diaphragm relaxes and rib muscles contract. D. Diaphragm relaxes and rib cage moves do#n. Use the following information to answer the question 1. Alveoli 2. Bronchi !. Trachea (. Bronchioles ,hat is the order in #hich air passes through these structures during inhalation& A. 2$ 1$ !$ ( B. 2$ ($ 1$ ! C. !$ 2$ ($ 1 D. !$ ($ 2$ 1 The correct se%uence of structures through #hich air passes during inhalation is A. bronchi$ bronchioles$ alveoli$ trachea. B. bronchioles$ bronchi$ trachea$ alveoli. C. trachea$ bronchi$ alveoli$ bronchioles. D. trachea$ bronchi$ bronchioles$ alveoli. The process of inhaling is accomplished in part b A. relaxation of the diaphragm. B. contraction of the rib muscles. C. a decrease in the volume of the thoracic cavit . D. an increase in the pressure of the thoracic cavit . The vocal chords are found in #hich structure& A. @ar nx. B. Bronchi. C. 7har nx. D. )piglottis. 7leural membranes A. line the alveoli. B. surround the lungs. C. prevent the collapse of the trachea. D. collapse the lungs bet#een breaths. Alveoli are #ell1suited to their function because the A. possess cilia. B. have thic:$ muscular #alls. C. are richl supplied #ith capillaries. D. are controlled b the autonomic nervous s stem. The extensive capillar net#or: #hich surrounds each alveolus A. prevents the alveoli from collapsing. B. produces mucus #hich protects the lungs. C. increases surface area for the exchange of gases. D. cools the air so diffusion of gases occurs more %uic:l . <x gen1poor blood becomes ox gen1rich blood at the A. alveoli. B. trachea. C. bronchi. D. bronchioles. A puncture of the pleural membranes could lead to A. increased thoracic cavit pressure. B. decreased stimulation of carotid bodies. C. decreased contractions of the diaphragm. D. increased concentration of ox hemoglobin ('b<2)in the blood. As the blood becomes more acidic in muscle tissues$ hemoglobin #ill carr less A. ox gen. B. h drogen ion. C. carbon dioxide. D. bicarbonate ion. ,hich of the follo#ing is not carried b hemoglobin& A. <x gen. B. *odium ions. C. ' drogen ions. D. Carbon dioxide. 'emoglobin releases ox gen at the tissues if A. temperature decreases and the blood is more acidic. B. temperature decreases and the blood is more basic. C. temperature increases and the blood is more acidic. D. temperature increases and the blood is more basic. The function of the cilia lining the trachea is to A. secrete mucus. B. move air in and out of the lungs. C. move mucus a#a from the lungs. D. increase the surface area for gas exchange. The level of C<2 in the blood is monitored b the A. cerebellum. B. h pothalamus. C. cerebral cortex. D. medulla oblongata. ,hich of the follo#ing is a controlling factor in increasing breathing rate& A. 'igh p' at the medulla oblongata. B. 'igh levels of C< 2 in the carotid arter . C. @o# levels of glucose in the coronar vein. D. @o# concentration of bicarbonate ions 'C< ! 1 in the aorta. 8ncreased concentrations of #hich gas are sensed b the brain and result in increased rate and depth of breathing& A. ,ater. B. <x gen. C. 9itrogen. D. Carbon dioxide. ,here does ox gen diffuse into the blood& A. alveoli B. trachea C. bronchioles D. pleural membranes The exchange of ox gen and carbon dioxide in external respiration occurs b A. osmosis. B. diffusion. C. active transport. D. facilitated diffusion. The product of the reaction bet#een 'b and <2 is A. bicarbonate. B. hemoglobin. C. ox hemoglobin. D. carbaminohemoglobin. ,hich of the follo#ing is the site of external respiration& A. Alveoli. B. Bronchioles. C. >itochondria. D. >uscle tissue. ,hich of the follo#ing reactions #ould be considered a part of external respiration& A. <2 ; 'b M 'b<2 B. C<2 ; 'b M 'bC<2 C. <2 ;'2< M'2<2 D. C<2 ; '2< M'2C<! ,hich of the follo#ing is an example of internal respiration& A. '; ; 'C<! M'2C<! M'2< ; C<2 B. C/'12</ ; /<2 M /'2< ;/C<2 ;!2 AT7. C. Diffusion of ox gen from the alveoli to the pulmonar vein. D. Diffusion of carbon dioxide from the nephron to the renal capillar . The cilia lining the trachea function to A. :eep the tract open. B. move air do#n the tract. C. stop food from entering the tract. D. s#eep debris and mucus from the tract. ,hich of the follo#ing #ould cause a decrease in the p' of the blood during internal respiration& A. running for ten minutes B. digestion of an acidic food C. ta:ing in several deep breaths D. prolonged period of inactivit 8nternal respiration is the exchange of A. glucose and h drogen ions bet#een the air and the blood. B. ox gen and carbon dioxide bet#een the air and the blood. C. glucose and h drogen ions bet#een the blood and tissue fluid. D. ox gen and carbon dioxide bet#een the blood and tissue fluid. Diffusion of carbon dioxide from the intestinal tissues to the mesenteric capillaries is called A. breathing. B. internal respiration. C. cellular respiration. D. external respiration. #1--G'''1.doc Pa$e 1B

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8nternal respiration is defined as A. exchange of gases bet#een blood and air. B. production of AT7$ C< 2 and '<2 in cells. C. exchange of gases bet#een blood and tissues. D. entrance and exit of air into and out of the lungs. <x gen and carbon dioxide cross the membranes bet#een the capillaries and alveoli b A. osmosis. B. filtration. C. diffusion. D. active transport. >ost of the carbon dioxide produced b tissues is carried bac: to the lungs as A. bicarbonate ions. B. reduced hemoglobin. C. carbaminohemoglobin. D. a gas dissolved in plasma. ,hich of the follo#ing #ould have the highest concentrations of both bicarbonate ions and reduced hemoglobin& A. an iliac vein B. a carotid arter C. a coronar arter D. a pulmonar vein Consider the follo#ing reactionC C<2 ; '2< '2C<! An en6 me found in red blood cells that catal 6es this reaction is A. nuclease. B. peptidase. C. deh drogenase. D. carbonic anh drase. The formation of carbaminohemoglobin occurs in the A. veins. B. arteries. C. arterioles. D. capillaries. Carbonic anh drase catal 6es a reaction bet#een A. #ater ; h drogen. B. #ater ; hemoglobin. C. #ater ; carbon dioxide. D. h drogen ; hemoglobin. ' drogen ions produced during internal respiration #ill not affect the p' of the blood because the h drogen ions combine #ith A. ammonia to form urea. B. ox gen to form ox hemoglobin. C. hemoglobin to form reduced hemoglobin. D. carbon dioxide (C< 2) to form carbonic acid ('2C<!). A poison that destro s carbonic anh drase #ill cause death from A. destruction of the sino1atrial node. B. a lac: of ox gen entering the cells. C. a bloc:age of excitator transmitters. D. an accumulation of nitrogen in the blood. 8n #hat form is most of the carbon dioxide (C<2) transported in the blood& A. Dissolved gas. B. Bicarbonate ions. C. Aeduced hemoglobin. D. Carbaminohemoglobin. ,here does gas exchange ta:e place in the lungs& A. Alveoli. B. Trachea. C. Bronchi. D. Bronchioles 'igh concentrations of bicarbonate ion ('C<!1) the blood #ill result in A. increased rate of breathing. B. decreased rate of breathing. C. increased pressure in the chest cavit . D. decreased nervous stimulation of the diaphragm. >ost of the carbon dioxide in the blood is carried in the form of A. bicarbonate ions. B carbon dioxide gas. C. carbonic anh drase. D. carbaminohemoglobin. ,hat is the correct se%uence of structures through #hich an ox gen molecule passes from the nostrils to the alveolus& A. lar nx$ right bronchus$ trachea$ bronchioles B. right bronchus$ lar nx$ bronchioles$ trachea C. lar nx$ trachea$ right bronchus$ bronchioles D. trachea$ lar nx$ bronchioles$ right bronchus Blood entering the s stemic circulation carries high concentrations of A. ox hemoglobin. B. bicarbonate ions. C. reduced hemoglobin. D. carbaminohemoglobin. ,hich of the follo#ing reactions occurs in a capillar of the leg& A. 'b ; '; S ''b B. 'bC<2 S 'b ; C<2 C. 'b ; ox gen S 'b<2 D. '; ; 'C<!1 S '2C<! Carbaminohemoglobin is formed in the A. large intestine b E. Coli. B. alveolus #hen excess ox gen is present. C. capillar for the transport of carbon dioxide. D. nephron from the brea:do#n of amino acids. >ost hemoglobin becomes reduced inside a(n) A. arter . B. venule. C. arteriole. D. capillar . ,hich of the follo#ing #ould occur if there #ere a decreased level of hemoglobin in the blood& A. Breathing rate #ould decline. B. Tissues #ould become more acidic. C. Carbonic anh drase #ould be more effective. D. Carbaminohemoglobin levels #ould increase. The cilia found in the respirator s stem function to A bring air into the lungs. B. force air out of the lungs. C. initiate the coughing reflex. D. move mucus to#ards the glottis. The pleural membranes function to A. strengthen the thoracic cavit . B. stimulate the medulla oblongata. C. increase the surface area of the lungs. D. maintain negative pressure in the thoracic cavit . ,hich of the follo#ing is not a h drol tic en6 me& A. @ipase. B. Tr psin. C. Am lase. D. Carbonic anh drase. 8nternal respiration is defined as A. exchange of gases bet#een blood and air. B. production of AT7$ C< 2 and '<2 in cells. C. exchange of gases bet#een blood and tissues. D. entrance and exit of air into and out of the lungs. <x gen1poor blood becomes ox gen1rich blood at the A. alveoli. B. trachea. C. bronchi. D. bronchioles. A build1up of fluid in the lungs #ill result in a reduced amount of ox gen in the blood returning to the heart from the lungs because A. the bronchioles have dilated. B. there is less hemoglobin in the blood. C. the surface area for external respiration has been reduced. D. the permeabilit of the lung capillaries has been increased. A puncture of the pleural membranes could lead to A. increased thoracic cavit pressure. B. decreased stimulation of carotid bodies. C. decreased contractions of the diaphragm. D. increased concentration of ox hemoglobin ('b<2) in the blood. ,hich of the follo#ing is a controlling factor in increasing breathing rate& A. 'igh p' at the medulla oblongata. B. 'igh levels of C< 2 in the carotid arter . C. @o# levels of glucose in the coronar vein. D. @o# concentration of bicarbonate ions 'C< ! in the aorta.

EXCRETORY SYSTEM
B B D C C B B D B B B C B D C D D A 1. 2. !. (. -. /. 0. 2. 3. 15. 11. 12. 1!. 1(. 1-. 1/. 10. 12. ,hich structure carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the bod & A. ureter B. urethra C. renal pelvis D. collecting duct The tube that carries urine out of the bladder is the A. ureter. B. urethra. C. distal tubule. D. collecting duct. "rine is stored in the A. ureter. B. :idne . C. urethra. D. urinar bladder. )xcretion can be defined as the removal of A. toxins from the blood. B. bacteria from the bod . C. metabolic #astes from the bod . D. excess red blood cells from the blood. The function of the ureter is to A. produce urine. B. reabsorb #ater. C. transport urine from the :idne . D. store urine until it can be released. "rine leaves the bladder through the A. ureter. B. urethra. C. loop of 'enle. D. collecting duct. ,hich of the follo#ing is not a function of the :idne s& A. >aintaining a constant blood p'. B. 7roducing urea from protein metabolism. C. Aemoving metabolic #astes from the blood. D. Aegulating the amount of #ater in the bod . ,hich of the follo#ing structures #ould not be considered an organ of excretion& A. *:in. B. @iver. C. Colon. D. *mall intestine. 7roduction of urea occurs in the A. s:in. B. liver. C. lungs. D. :idne s. ,hich of the follo#ing metabolic #astes is excreted b the s:in& A. Bile. B. "rea. C. "ric acid. D. Carbon dioxide. Blood is brought to the glomerulus b the A. renal vein. B. afferent arteriole. C. efferent arteriole. D. peritubular capillaries. 8n a health person$ Bo#man4s capsules are found in the renal A. vein. B. pelvis. C. cortex. D. medulla. ,hich of the follo#ing is not a characteristic of the glomerulus& A. 8t is composed of capillaries. B. 8t surrounds the Bo#man4s capsule. C. 8ts blood pressure promotes filtration. D. 8t is connected to arterioles at both ends. ,hich capillaries are enclosed b Bo#man4s capsule& A. Distal. B. 7roximal. C. 7eritubular. D. ?lomerular. +iltrate enters the Bo#man4s capsule b A. active transport. B. tubular excretion. C. pressure filtration. D. selective reabsorption. The composition of the filtrate in the Bo#man4s capsule is determined b A. p'. B. en6 mes. C. temperature. D. molecular si6e. >ovement of fluids from the glomerulus to Bo#man4s capsule is due to A. osmosis. B. secretion. C. active transport. D. pressure filtration. 7ressure filtration occurs at the A. glomerulus. B. loop of 'enle. C. collecting duct. D. afferent arteriole. #1--G'''1.doc Pa$e 11

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Blood entering the :idne is filtered b the A. glomerulus. B. distal tubule. C. loop of 'enle. D. collecting duct. The glomerulus is located bet#een the A. efferent arteriole and renal vein. B. renal arter and afferent arteriole. C. afferent arteriole and efferent arteriole. D. efferent arteriole and peritubular capillaries. ,here in the nephron does pressure filtration of the blood occur& A. @oop of 'enle. B. Collecting duct. C. 7roximal tubule. D. Bo#man4s capsule. ,here is most of the glucose in the nephron reabsorbed& A. @oop of 'enle. B. Collecting duct. C. Distal convoluted tubule. D. 7roximal convoluted tubule. ,hich of the follo#ing organelles is found in large numbers in the cells #hich line the proximal convoluted tubule& A. Cilia. B. >itochondria. C. ?olgi apparatus. D. Aough endoplasmic reticulum. ,hich of the follo#ing structures re%uires a h pertonic environment to function& A. ?lomerulus. B. @oop of 'enle. C. Afferent arteriole. D. Bo#man4s capsule. (-. The tonicit of the tissue surrounding the loop of 'enle is vital to the maintenance of blood volume because it A. ad.usts the p' of the urine. B. filters the blood going bac: to the heart. C. moves #ater from the urine bac: into the blood. D. moves glucose from the urine bac: into the blood. ,hich of the follo#ing describes the tissues surrounding the loop of 'enle& A. 'igh ' ; concentration$ high K; concentration. B. @o# #ater concentration$ lo# salt concentration. C. 'igh salt concentration$ lo# #ater concentration. D. 'igh #ater concentration$ lo# K ; concentration. The site of tubular excretion is the A. loop of 'enle. B. Bo#man4s capsule. C. distal convoluted tubule. D. proximal convoluted tubule. As filtrate moves through the nephron it becomes increasingl h pertonic because of the A. diffusion of glucose. B. pressure filtration of the blood. C. active transport of sodium ions. D. reabsorption of bicarbonate ions. The composition of the glomerular filtrate in a health person is identical to plasma$ except for the amount of A. salt. B. protein. C. glucose. D. carbon dioxide. The se%uence of structures that urea passes through in the nephron is A. glomerulus$ proximal tubule$ distal tubule$ loop of 'enle. B. glomerulus$ proximal tubule$ capillar net#or:$ renal vein. C. proximal tubule$ loop of 'enle$ distal tubule$ collecting duct. D. proximal tubule$ distal tubule$ loop of 'enle$ collecting duct. >ost of the blood glucose entering the nephron returns to the plasma b the process of A. osmosis in the loop of 'enle. B. tubular excretion in the distal tubule. C. active transport in the proximal tubule. D. facilitated transport in the distal tubule. ,hich substance #ould normall be found in higher concentration in urine than in blood& A. "rea. B. 7rotein. C. <x gen. D. ?lucose. The correct se%uence for the path of urine is 1. "reter. 2. "rethra. !. Kidne . (. "rinar bladder. A. 1$ !$ 2$ ( B. !$ 1$ ($ 2 C. !$ 2$ 1$ ( D. !$ 2$ ($ 1 The process that moves glucose from the proximal convoluted tubule into the peritubular capillaries is A. osmosis. B. tubular excretion. C. pressure filtration. D. selective reabsorption. ,hich of the follo#ing #ould cause the :idne to produce a more concentrated urine& A. 8ncreased blood volume. B. 8ncreased alcohol inta:e. C. Decreased blood pressure. D. Decreased AD' secretion. 1. '2< reabsorption. 2. Tubular excretion. !. 7ressure filtration. (. *elective reabsorption. "sing the above information$ #hich of the follo#ing gives the correct order of urine formation& A. 1$ !$ ($ 2 B. 2$ ($ 1$ ! C. !$ 2$ 1$ ( D. !$ ($ 1$ 2 ,hich of the follo#ing occurs in the distal tubule to return acidic blood bac: to a normal p'& A. Both sodium and h drogen ions are excreted. B. Bicarbonate ions are excreted and h drogen ions are reabsorbed. C. Ammonia and h drogen ions are excreted and sodium ions are reabsorbed. D. Ammonia and h drogen ions are reabsorbed and bicarbonate ions are excreted. 8f the blood becomes acidic$ the :idne s #ill maintain homeostasis b activel excreting A. penicillin. B. histamine. C. calcium ions. D. h drogen ions. The excretor s stem regulates the amount of bicarbonate ion ('C< !) in the blood in order to maintain homeostatic levels of A. #ater. B. glucose. C. ammonia 9'! D. h drogen ions ' 8f the blood is excessivel acidic$ it #ill li$ely lead to urine A. of increased p'. B. of decreased p'. C. #ith increased 9a; concentration. D. #ith decreased 9'! concentration. The source of antidiuretic hormone (AD') is the A. th roid. B. adrenal cortex. C. anterior pituitar . D. posterior pituitar . Antidiuretic hormone (AD') is released b the A. :idne s. B. pancreas. C. anterior pituitar . D. posterior pituitar . ,hich of the follo#ing #ould increase as AD' levels rise& A. Blood volume. B. ?lucose levels in the plasma. C. Amount of urine in the bladder. D. "rea concentration in the plasma. Antidiuretic hormone (AD') has an effect on the A. glomerulus. B. loop of 'enle. C. collecting duct. D. proximal tubule. Alcohol affects the release of AD'. Alcohol causes an increase in the volume and a decrease in the concentration of urine produced. Therefore$ AD' affects the A. @oop of 'enle. B. collecting duct. C. proximal tubule. D. Bo#man4s capsule. @o# levels of sodium ions 9a; in the bod result in the secretion of A. insulin. B. th roxin. C. aldosterone. D. ox tocin. The inabilit to regulate the concentration of sodium ions in the blood could be due to improper functioning of the A. adrenal cortex$ since it produces AD'. B. adrenal cortex$ since it produces aldosterone. C. adrenal medulla$ since it produces AD'. D. adrenal medulla$ since it produces aldosterone. Decreasing the concentration of sodium ions in the blood #ill result in A. increased AD' secretion and increased aldosterone secretion. B. increased AD' secretion and decreased aldosterone secretion. C. decreased AD' secretion and increased aldosterone secretion. D. decreased AD' secretion and decreased aldosterone secretion. Aldosterone is secreted b the A. testes. B. nephron. C. adrenal cortex. D. posterior pituitar . The concentration of sodium in the blood #ould increase #ith increased plasma levels of a hormone from the A. th roid gland B. adrenal gland C. prostate gland D. anterior pituitar gland 8ncreasing the levels of aldosterone in the blood #ould result in A. increased blood volume. B. decreased blood pressure. C. decreased urea production. D. increased urine production. The hormone aldosterone is involved in the regulation of A. the bod 4s metabolic rate. B. #ater excretion b the :idne s. C. sodium and potassium levels in the plasma. D. calcium and phosphorous levels in the plasma. 8ncreased levels of aldosterone cause A. acidic blood. B. h potonic urine. C. lo# blood pressure. D. decreased urine production. ,hich of the follo#ing causes the release of aldosterone& A. 'igh iron levels in the blood. B. @o# sodium levels in the blood. C. 'igh calcium levels in the blood. D. @o# potassium levels in the blood. *odium levels in the blood are regulated b A. insulin. B. cortisol. C. th roxin. D. aldosterone. ,hich of the follo#ing s mptoms might be an indication of :idne failure& A. *alt in the urine. B. "rea in the urine. C. 7rotein in the urine. D. "ric acid in the urine. The concentration of glucose in the glomerular filtrate is greater than in the urine because glucose is A. excreted. B. reabsorbed. C. a large molecule. D. used to provide energ for reabsorption. ,hich substance is found in the glomerulus$ Bo#man4s capsule and efferent arteriole but is not normall found in the collecting duct& A. urea B. glucose C. penicillin D. sodium ions ,hen comparing the blood concentrations of urea and glucose in the hepatic portal vein to those in the renal vein$ one finds that in the hepatic portal vein A. urea is lo#er and glucose is lo#er. B. urea is lo#er and glucose is higher. C. urea is higher and glucose is lo#er. D. urea is higher and glucose is higher. ,hich of the follo#ing is the source of aldosterone& A. 7ancreas. B. Th roid gland. C. Adrenal gland. D. Anterior pituitar .

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,hen the level of AD' (antidiuretic hormone) increases in the blood$ A. less #ater is reabsorbed and urine output increases. B. less #ater is reabsorbed and urine output decreases. C. more #ater is reabsorbed and urine output decreases. D. more #ater is reabsorbed and urine output increases. The part of the nephron having the greatest glucose concentration is the A. loop of 'enle. B. collecting duct. C. Bo#man4s capsule. D. distal convoluted tubule. 'igh blood pressure can be the result of A. decreased blood volume. B. increased sodium absorption. C. decreased aldosterone release. D. increased opening of capillar beds. ,hich of the follo#ing #ould not be found in high concentration in the urine of a health individual& A. *alt. B. ,ater. C. 7rotein. D. "ric acid. ,hich hormone is released #hen the salt concentration in the blood increases& A. ?astrin. B. Th roxin. C. Antidiuretic hormone (AD'). D. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACT'). @o# blood volume #ill result in A. increased secretion of AD' and aldosterone. B. decreased secretion of AD' and aldosterone. C. increased secretion of AD' and a decrease in aldosterone. D. decreased secretion of AD' and an increase in aldosterone. 'igh concentrations of AD' (antidiuretic hormone) in the blood #ill result in A. increased excretion of ' 2<. B. decreased pressure filtration. C. decreased reabsorption of glucose. D. increased solute concentration of the urine. ,hich of the follo#ing is produced in response to a high solute concentration in the blood& A. 8nsulin. B. Adrenalin. C. Aldosterone. D. Antidiuretic hormone (AD').

NERVOUS SYSTEM
B B A D D C B A A D B C D C D C B B C C B B A D D 1. 2. !. (. -. /. 0. 2. 3. 15. 11. 12. 1!. 1(. 1-. 1/. 10. 12. 13. 25. 21. 22. 2!. 2(. 2-. ,hich of the follo#ing is controlled b the somatic nervous s stem& A. rate of heartbeat B. contraction of s:eletal muscles C. increased blood flo# to muscle tissue D. movement of food through the intestines ,hich of the components of the nervous s stem has both autonomic and somatic divisions& A. Central. B. 7eripheral. C. * mpathetic. D. 7aras mpathetic. The central nervous s stem includes the A. brain and spinal cord. B. somatic nervous s stem. C. cranial and spinal nerves. D. paras mpathetic nervous s stem. The somatic nervous s stem controls A. peristalsis. B. cardiac muscles. C. smooth muscles. D. s:eletal muscles. ,hich of the follo#ing is involved in the initiation of a Ofight or flightP response& A. Th roid gland. B. 7rostate gland. C. Adrenal cortex. D. Adrenal medulla. The part of a sensor neuron that transmits nerve impulses from a receptor to the cell bod is the A. axon. B. s napse. C. dendrite. D. neurotransmitter. ,hat t pe of neuron transmits an impulse to the central nervous s stem& A. >otor. B. *ensor . C. )fferent. D. 8nterneuron. The t pe of neuron that can only be found in the central nervous s stem (C9*) is a(n) A. interneuron. B. motor neuron. C. mixed neuron. D. sensor neuron. The t pe of neuron that is found only in the central nervous s stem is the A. interneuron. B. motor neuron. C. mixed neuron. D. sensor neuron. ,hich of the follo#ing is responsible for transmitting impulses to the central nervous s stem (C9*)& A. )ffectors. B. 8nterneurons. C. >otor neurons. D. *ensor neurons. *ensor neurons carr messages to A. glands. B. interneurons. C. sense organs. D. muscle fibres. *ensor receptors initiate nerve impulses in A. long axons. B. short axons. C. long dendrites. D. short dendrites. ,hich of the follo#ing is a characteristic of a resting potential& A. secretion of calcium ions B. neurotransmitters move into the axon C. depolari6ation of the post1s naptic membrane D. a net negative charge on the inside of the axon During #hich stage of a nerve impulse does the opening of the sodium gates pla an important role& A. Aecover . B. Aepolari6ation. C. Depolari6ation. D. Aesting potential. Aesting potential in a neuron is maintained b A. osmosis. B. diffusion. C. pinoc tosis. D. active transport. ,hich organelle #ould be re%uired in large numbers b a cell #hose membrane is often depolari6ed& A. Aibosome. B. @ sosome. C. >itochondrion. D. )ndoplasmic reticulum. ,ithin an axon$ an increased concentration of sodium ions and a decreased concentration of potassium ions is observed during A. ups#ing. B. do#ns#ing. C. resting potential. D. s naptic transmission. The resting potential in a neuron is maintained b A. exoc tosis. B. active transport. C. passive diffusion. D. facilitated transport. The correct se%uence for the transmission of a nerve impulse along a neuron is 1. 7otassium gates open. 2. *odium ions diffuse into neuron. !. Aesting potential. (. Aecover . A. 1$ 2$ !$ ( B. 2$ !$ ($ 1 C. !$ 2$ 1$ ( D. ($ !$ 1$ 2 The correct se%uence for the transmission of a nerve impulse along a neuron is 1. 7otassium gates open. 2. *odium ions diffuse into neuron. !. Aesting potential. (. Aecover . A. 1$ 2$ !$ ( B. 2$ !$ ($ 1 C. !$ 2$ 1$ ( D. ($ !$ 1$ 2 9erve cells are called A. axons. B. neurons. C. dendrites. D. meninges. Depolari6ation of a nerve cell is caused b A. the sodium potassium pump. B. sodium ions entering the cell. C. the opening of the potassium gates. D. a return of membrane potential to 1/5mD. Depolari6ation of an axon results from the movement of A. sodium ions. B h drogen ions. C. potassium ions. D. bicarbonate ions. The distribution of sodium and potassium ions across the membrane of an axon is maintained b A. diffusion. B. exoc tosis. C. phagoc tosis. D. active transport. ,hich of the follo#ing best describes the location of ions during resting potential& A. A lo# concentration of sodium ions on the outside$ and a high concentration of potassium ions on the inside of the neuron. B. A lo# concentration of sodium ions on the outside$ and a lo# concentration of potassium ions on the inside of the neuron. C. A high concentration of sodium ions on the outside$ and a lo# concentration of potassium ions on the inside of the neuron. D. A high concentration of sodium ions on the outside$ and a high concentration of potassium ions on the inside of the neuron. The distribution of sodium and potassium ions during resting potential is maintained b A. osmosis. B. diffusion. C. active transport. D. facilitated transport. Use the following information to answer the question! 1. *odium ions move into the axon. 2. 7otassium ions move out of the axon. !. Depolari6ation of the membrane occurs. (. Aepolari6ation of the membrane occurs. *elect the correct order of the above events to describe an action potential. A. 1$ !$ 2$ ( B. 2$ !$ ($ 1 C. !$ 2$ ($ 1 D. 1$ ($ !$ 2 The speed of a nerve impulse along a sensor neuron depends on the A. dendrites. B. cell bodies. C. m elin sheath. D. sensor receptors. The m elin sheath is a protective covering that surrounds A. onl motor neurons. B. all t pes of neurons. C. onl sensor neurons. D. both motor and sensor neurons. ,hich of the follo#ing most accuratel describes the function of the nodes of Aanvier& A. Aelease neurotransmitters. B. 9ourish and protect the neuron. C. Cause the Nall or none4 response. D. *peed the transmission of nerve impulses. 8n order for a nerve impulse to pass from one neuron to the next$ #hich of the follo#ing ions must be present at the pre1s naptic ending& A. Calcium (Ca 2;) . B. Chloride (Cl1 ) . C. 7hosphate (7<(!1) . D. >agnesium (>g2;) . "sing the information belo#$ #hat is the correct order for the transmission of an impulse across a s napse& 1. Calcium interacts #ith proteins. 2. Desicles fuse #ith s naptic membrane. !. 9eurotransmitter diffuses into s naptic cleft. (. Aeceptor sites are occupied. A! 1$ 2$ !$ ( B. 2$ !$ 1$ ( C. !$ 2$ 1$ ( D. ($ 1$ !$ 2 #1--G'''1.doc Pa$e 1'

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At a s napse$ the neurotransmitters move to the receptor sites b A. osmosis. B. diffusion. C. active transport. D. facilitated transport. At a s napse$ the neurotransmitters move to the receptor sites b A. osmosis. B. diffusion. C. active transport. D. facilitated transport. !(. The function of en6 mes in the s naptic cleft is to ensure that A. neurotransmitters are released. B. neurotransmitters are destro ed. C. nerve impulses reach receptor sites. D. nerve impulses travel in both directions. The neurotransmitter used b the s mpathetic nervous s stem is A. gastrin. B. noradrenalin. C. acet lcholine. D. acet lcholinesterase. <nce a neurotransmitter has been released$ it has onl a short time to act because A. en6 mes inactivate it. B. receptor sites brea: do#n. C. calcium ions flo# into the cleft. D. the posts naptic membrane closes. 9erve impulses are not continuousl generated at a s napse because A. there are insufficient calcium ions. B. the pres naptic membrane is depolari6ed. C. the s naptic membranes become impermeable. D. neurotransmitters are bro:en do#n b en6 mes. 8n an axon$ the nerve impulses normall travel A. in both directions. B. to#ard the cell bod . C. a#a from the cell bod . D. faster as the are unm elinated. ,hich of the follo#ing substances #ould not be found in s naptic clefts& A. 9oradrenalin. B. Acet lcholine. C. Cholinesterase. D. Carbonic anh drase. Use the following information to answer the question 1. Axon 2. Dendrite !. Cell bod (. Aeceptor The correct order for the transmission of an impulse along a sensor neuron is A. !$ 1$ ($ 2 B. !$ 2$ 1$ ( C. ($ 1$ !$ 2 D. ($ 2$ !$ 1 9erve impulses travel in onl one direction because of the location of the A. effectors. B. m elin sheath. C. s naptic vesicles. D. nodes of Aanvier. The speed of nerve impulse conduction is increased b the presence of A. axons. B. m elin. C. dendrites. D. cell bodies. Transmission across a s napse is one1#a because A. the axon is m elinated. B. the potassium gates are open. C. the interior of the axon contains negative ions. D. the receptor sites are on the posts naptic membrane. 9eurotransmitters ma create an action potential #hen the A. fit into receptor sites. B. move through protein pores. C. are bro:en do#n in the s napse. D. excite the pres naptic membrane. A pesticide that destro s an en6 me found in the s naptic cleft ma cause A. denaturation of the pres naptic contractile proteins. B. an increased rate of diffusion across the s naptic cleft. C. continued depolari6ation of the posts naptic membrane. D. alteration of the receptors on the pres naptic membrane. ,hich of the follo#ing #ould be contained #ithin the central nervous s stem& A. A neuron connecting the sensor and motor neurons. B. A sensor nerve running from a hand to the spinal cord. C. A motor nerve going from the brain to a s:eletal muscle. D. A nerve running from the spinal cord to the stomach #all. 8n a reflex arc$ interneurons initiate nerve impulses in A. effectors. B. motor neurons. C. sensor neurons. D. sensor receptors. 8n a reflex arc$ the nerve impulse is initiated b A. the brain. B. an effector. C. a sensor neuron. D. a sensor receptor. The s mpathetic nervous s stem is responsible for A. decreasing breathing rate. B. increasing blood glucose levels. C. increasing blood flo# to the intestines. D. decreasing blood flo# to the s:eletal muscles. 8n a reflex arc$ the nerve impulse is initiated b A. the brain. B. an effector. C. a sensor neuron. D. a sensor receptor. 8n a reflex arc$ the A. brain is stimulated b the effector. B. effector is stimulated before the brain. C. sensor receptor directl stimulates the effector. D. brain is stimulated at the same time as the receptor. Aeflexes involve the A. autonomic nervous s stem and the brain. B. s mpathetic and central nervous s stems. C. peripheral nervous s stem and the spinal cord. D. paras mpathetic nervous s stem and the cerebrum. The t pe of sensation a person experiences depends on the A. speed of the impulse. B. length of the dendrites. C. part of the brain stimulated. D. amount of m elin on the neuron. The paras mpathetic nervous s stem A. controls the central nervous s stem. B. lo#ers blood pressure and promotes digestion. C. uses noradrenalin as the neurotransmitter at s napses. D. initiates the Ofight or flightP response in times of stress. The secretion of noradrenalin into the s naptic cleft occurs b #hich of the follo#ing processes& A. exoc tosis B. pinoc tosis C. endoc tosis D. active transport ,hich of the follo#ing is correctl paired& A. s mpathetic nervous s stem stimulation and acet lcholine B. s mpathetic nervous s stem stimulation and a relaxed state C. paras mpathetic nervous s stem stimulation and noradrenalin D. paras mpathetic nervous s stem stimulation and a relaxed state ,hich of the follo#ing is a true statement about the s mpathetic and paras mpathetic nervous s stems& A. * mpathetic s stem causes increased rates of digestion #hile the paras mpathetic s stem causes decreased rates of digestion. B. * mpathetic s stem causes decreased breathing rate #hile the paras mpathetic s stem causes increased breathing rate. C. * mpathetic s stem causes constriction of the iris #hile the paras mpathetic s stem causes dilation of the iris. D. * mpathetic s stem causes increased heart rate #hile the paras mpathetic s stem decreases heart rate. ,hich of the follo#ing #ould result from stimulation b the s mpathetic nervous s stem& A. ' potension. B. Constricted pupils. C. Decreased digestive rate. D. Aeduced blood flo# to s:eletal muscles. The hormone that initiates the Ofight or flightP response is produced b the A. adrenal gland. B. h pothalamus. C. pituitar gland. D. medulla oblongata. ,hich of the follo#ing neurons #ould be found in the autonomic nervous s stem& A. *ensor neurons in the s:in. B. *ensor neurons in the spinal cord. C. >otor neurons ending in the intestines. D. >otor neurons ending in s:eletal muscle. The s mpathetic nervous s stem #ould be most active #hile a person is A. digesting a large meal. B. in an athletic competition. C recovering from an illness. D. #riting biolog definitions. ,hich of the follo#ing explains #h most organs are supplied b t#o separate autonomic nerves& A. <ne acts as a reserve neuron. B. <ne is sensor and one is motor. C. Both are needed in emergenc situations. D. <ne stimulates the organ and one inhibits it. 8ncreased paras mpathetic stimulation of the *A node #ill result in A. decreased heart rate. B. decreased heart volume. C. increased diastolic pressure. D. increased ventricular contraction rate. ,hich of the follo#ing are imme%iately involved #hen a person is in a Ofight or flightP situation& 1. Adrenal glands (. Th roid glands 2. 7ancreas -. * mpathetic s stem !. 7ituitar glands /. 7aras mpathetic s stem A. 1$ ! B. 1$ - C. 2$ ( D. 2$ / The s mpathetic nervous s stem is responsible for A. decreasing breathing rate. B. increasing blood glucose levels. C. increasing blood flo# to the intestines. D. decreasing blood flo# to the s:eletal muscles. The bod 4s response to immediate danger includes A. increased brea:do#n of protein in the stomach. B. decreased gas exchange during internal respiration. C. increased nervous stimulation of the adrenal medulla. D. decreased number of open capillar beds in s:eletal muscle. ,hich of the follo#ing #ill occur as a result of paras mpathetic nervous s stem stimulation& A. 8ncreased heart rate. B. *ecretion of adrenalin. C. 8ncreased breathing rate. D. *ecretion of digestive en6 mes. ,hich of the follo#ing statements about the autonomic nervous s stem is false& A. 8t controls the internal organs. B. 8t functions in a voluntar manner. C. 8t is responsible for the Ofight or flightP response. D. )ach impulse travels through t#o motor neurons and one ganglion. A nerve to the heart is severed$ resulting in a decreased heart rate. The severed nerve #as li:el a A. cranial nerve. B. somatic nerve. C. s mpathetic nerve. D. paras mpathetic nerve. #1--G'''1.doc Pa$e 1-

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*haring of information bet#een the t#o cerebral hemispheres is possible because of the A. cerebellum. B. h pothalamus. C. corpus callosum. D. medulla oblongata. A drug #as observed to have the follo#ing effects on an individualC 1 increased breathing rate 1 increased blood pressure 1 increased heart rate The part of the brain affected b this drug is the A. thalamus. B. cerebellum. C. corpus callosum. D. medulla oblongata. ,hich of the follo#ing #ould increase the heart rate& A. Corpus callosum. B. *omatic nervous s stem. C. * mpathetic nervous s stem. D. 7aras mpathetic nervous s stem. *timuli coming to the brain are sorted and channelled b the A. thalamus. B. cerebrum. C. cerebellum. D. h pothalamus. A person #ith a damaged medulla oblongata #ould have difficult A. reading. B. breathing. C. tasting food. D. problem solving. A person recovering from a head in.ur finds that she has difficult maintaining balance. ,hich part of the brain has been in.ured& A. Thalamus. B. Cerebellum. C. ' pothalamus. D. >edulla oblongata. Damage to the corpus callosum could A. stimulate the paras mpathetic s stem. B. increase the heart rate but decrease the breathing rate. C. inhibit the h pothalamus and stimulate the th roid gland. D. inhibit the sharing of information bet#een cerebral hemispheres. Damage to the corpus callosum could A. stimulate the paras mpathetic s stem. B. increase the heart rate but decrease the breathing rate. C. inhibit the h pothalamus and stimulate the th roid gland. D. inhibit the sharing of information bet#een cerebral hemispheres. T#o functions of the medulla oblongata are to control A. bod position and vision. B. heart beat and breathing rate. C. sensor areas and motor areas. D. involuntar muscle contractions and metabolic rate. The part of the brain responsible for muscle coordination is the A. cerebellum. B. h pothalamus. C. corpus callosum. D. medulla oblongata. ,hat part of the brain is malfunctioning if nerve impulses are unable to travel from the right to the left hemisphere& A. Cerebrum. B. Cerebellum. C. ' pothalamus. D. Corpus callosum. Damage to the occipital lobe could affect A. sight. B. hearing. C. heartbeat. D. #ater balance. The occipital lobe of the cerebral cortex has association areas for A. taste. B. smell. C. vision. D. hearing The cerebral lobe of the brain that contains areas responsible for the sensations of touch$ temperature$ pressure and pain$ and for the understanding of speech is the A frontal. B. parietal. C. occipital. D. temporal. The part of the brain that #ould help ou to concentrate on this examination even #hen other sensor stimuli are present is the A. thalamus. B. cerebellum. C. h pothalamus. D. medulla oblongata. The part of the brain responsible for consciousness is the A. cerebrum. B. cerebellum. C. h pothalamus. D. pituitar gland. ,hich of the follo#ing lobes of the cerebrum is responsible for vision& A. +rontal. B. 7arietal. C. <ccipital. D. Temporal. ,hich of the follo#ing is not a part of the cerebrum& A. Cortex. B. Cerebellum. C. <ccipital lobe. D. Temporal lobe. 8n #hich lobe of the brain are sensor areas for hearing and smelling located& A. +rontal. B. 7arietal. C. <ccipital. D. Temporal. 'o# does the h pothalamus increase the metabolic rate of cells in the bod & A. 8t produces and releases th roxin. B. 8t secretes a specific releasing hormone. C. 8t increases autonomic nerve stimulation. D. 8t causes cells to become permeable to blood glucose. A function of en6 mes is to A. emulsif fats. B. carr information to nerves. C. catal 6e chemical reactions. D. maintain constant blood p'. The source gland for adrenalin is the A. pancreas. B. adrenal cortex. C. adrenal medulla. D. posterior pituitar . ,hich of the follo#ing is a function of the hormone th roxin& A. 8t decreases blood volume. B. 8t increases metabolic rate. C. 8t slo#s the release of insulin. D. 8t increases blood sodium levels. A nerve impulse passes through the follo#ing structures #hen the heart contracts. The correct se%uence is A. AD node$ 7ur:in.e fibres$ *A node. B. *A node$ 7ur:in.e fibres$ AD node. C! 7ur:in.e fibres$ *A node$ AD node. D. *A node$ AD node$ 7ur:in.e fibres. ,hich of the follo#ing interacts #ith the pituitar gland as the neuroendocrine control centre& A. Thalamus. B. Cerebellum. C. ' pothalamus. D. >edulla oblongata. A chemical produced b the puffer fish prevents the opening of sodium gates in neurons but has no effect on chemical s napses. 8n #hich location on a sensor neuron #ould impulse transmission initiall be stopped #hen this chemical is in.ected into the foot& A. Cell bod . B. > elin sheath. C. 9ode of Aanvier. D. Terminal :nob of an axon. ,hich of the follo#ing #ould be a homeostatic response to a blood pressure reading of 25L-5& A. Dilation of the arteries. B. * mpathetic stimulation. C. 8nhibited ACT' secretion. D. Decreased AD' secretion. A hormone released b the posterior pituitar gland is A. gastrin. B. glucagon. C. parath roid hormone (7T'). D. antidiuretic hormone (AD'). ,hich of the follo#ing is not a h drol tic en6 me& A. @ipase. B. Tr psin. C. Am lase. D. Carbonic anh drase. ,hich of the follo#ing are found only in the central nervous s stem& A. 8nterneurons. B. >otor neurons. C. *ensor neurons. D. *ensor receptors. The speed of nerve impulse conduction is increased b the presence of A. axons. B. m elin. C. dendrites. D. cell bodies. ,hich of the follo#ing are found only in the central nervous s stem& A. 8nterneurons. B. >otor neurons. C. *ensor neurons. D. *ensor receptors. A person recovering from a head in.ur finds that she has difficult maintaining balance. ,hich part of the brain has been in.ured& A. Thalamus. B. Cerebellum. C. ' pothalamus. D. >edulla oblongata. 7eristalsis ma refer to the A. capillar beds of the digestive tract. B. closing of the glottis upon s#allo#ing. C. activit of the s mpathetic nervous s stem. D. rh thmic contraction of the #all of the esophagus. The somatic nervous s stem includes nerves that serve the A. heart. B. intestines. C. salivar glands. D. s:eletal muscles. ,hich of the follo#ing #ould occur if an impulse from the *A node #ere bloc:ed before it reaches the AD node& A. The heart #ould not contract. B. <nl the atria #ould contract. C. <nl the ventricles #ould contract. D. Blood #ould travel onl to the pulmonar s stem. The posterior pituitar gland releases A. adrenalin. B. aldosterone. C. th roxin. D. antidiuretic hormone (AD'). Due to a head in.ur $ a patient4s abilit to breathe has been impaired. ,here has the damage li:el occurred& A. The cerebrum. B. The cerebellum. C. The h pothalamus. D. The medulla oblongata. 8n an experiment$ a hormone is in.ected into the heart muscle of a rat. The response is an increased heart rate. ,hich of the follo#ing glands #as the source of the hormone& A. 7ancreas. B. Th mus. C. Adrenal medulla. D. Anterior pituitar . Damage to the medulla oblongata ma result in A. hearing loss. B. impaired gro#th. C. breathing difficult . D. loss of coordination.

C AN CE R
B D D D B 1. 2. !. (. -. >ovement of cancer cells to a ne# site #here a secondar tumour begins is called A. anaplasia. B. metastasis. C. promotion. D. vasculari6ation. 8ncreased blood flo# to a cancerous tumour is called A. anaplasia. B. metastasis. C. malignanc . D. vasculari6ation. ,hich of the follo#ing is a characteristic of cancer cells& A. Differentiated. B. Contact inhibition. C. 7oor blood suppl . D. Disorgani6ed gro#th. The process b #hich ne# blood vessels suppl a gro#ing tumour is A. metastasis. B. promotion. C. malignanc . D. vasculari6ation. ,hich of the follo#ing is a characteristic of cancer cells& A. Cellular differentiation. B. @oss of contact inhibition. C. Decreased ox gen upta:e. D. 8nabilit to #1--G'''1.doc Pa$e 1?

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activel transport molecules. A proto1oncogene is described as D9A that A. causes cancer. B. causes the vasculari6ation of a tumour. C. can be mutated into cancer1causing D9A. D. directl causes uncontrolled cellular gro#th. A cancer1causing gene is called a(n) A. initiator. B. promoter. C. oncogene. D. proto=oncogene. <ne difference bet#een proto1oncogenes and oncogenes is that oncogenes have the potential to A. infect viruses. B. inhibit cancer cells. C. produce more hormones. D. induce cancerous transformations. Use the following information to answer question 1. 7romotion 2. >etastasis !. Anaplasia (. 8nitiation ,hich of the follo#ing is the correct se%uence for the development of cancer& A. 1$ ($ !$ 2 B. !$ ($ 2$ 1 C. ($ 1$ !$ 2 D. ($ !$ 2$ 1 ,hich of the follo#ing is capable of changing a proto1oncogene into an oncogene& A. virus B. antibod C. bacterium D. l mphoc te Use the following information to answer the question 1. promotion 2. metastasis !. vasculari6ation (. anaplasia ,hich of the follo#ing is the correct se%uence to describe the order of development of a cancerous tumor& A. 1$ ($ !$ 2 B. 2$ 1$ !$ ( C. !$ 2$ 1$ ( D. !$ ($ 1$ 2 ,hich of the follo#ing might indicate the presence of a developing s:in cancer& A. 7ersistent coughing. B. Change in bo#el habits. C. Difficult in s#allo#ing. D. A sore that does not heal.

REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
B A C A C D D C B C C 1. 2. !. (. -. /. 0. 2. 3. 15. 11. The duct that is used b both the reproductive and excretor s stems in males is the A. ureter. B. urethra. C. renal pelvis. D. vas deferens. *torage and maturation of sperm occurs in the A. epidid mis. B. corpus luteum. C. seminal vesicle. D. Co#per4s gland. A function of the interstitial cells of the testes is the A. storage of semen. B. maturation of sperm cells. C. production of testosterone. D. production of seminal fluid. ,hich of the follo#ing store sperm cells and eliminate those that have ma.or genetic defects& A. )pidid mis. B. 8nterstitial cells. C. *eminal vesicles. D. *eminiferous tubules. The part of the sperm that contains h drol tic en6 mes is the A. tail. B. nucleus. C. acrosome. D. mid1piece. ,hich of the follo#ing is not a function of seminal fluid& A. provides a suitable 7h B. supplies an energ source C. causes the uterus to contract D. constricts the urethra during e.aculation The part of a sperm cell containing the greatest number of mitochondria is the A. head. B. flagellum. C. acrosome. D. mid1piece. The sperm penetrates the egg b means of en6 mes that are found in the A. tail. B. head. C. acrosome. D. mid1piece. ,hich of the follo#ing #ould be affected b removal of the prostate gland& A. "rine formation. B. >otilit of sperm. C. *perm maturation. D. +ollicle development. ,hich part of a mature sperm contains mitochondria& A. Tail. B. 'ead. C. >idpiece. D. Acrosome. ,hen sperm is e.aculated$ it comes into contact #ith or passes near each of the follo#ing structures. ,hich se%uence correctl describes the passage of sperm out of the bod & A. seminiferous tubules prostate vas deferens urethra B. seminiferous tubules vas deferens urethra prostate C. seminiferous tubules vas deferens prostate urethra D. prostate seminiferous tubules vas deferens urethra *permatogenesis occurs in the A. epidid mis. B. interstitial cells. C. seminiferous tubules. D. ductus (vas) deferens. Testosterone is produced in the A. epidid mis. B. prostate gland. C. interstitial cells. D. seminiferous tubules. Testosterone is produced in the A. epidid mis. B. interstitial cells. C. seminal vesicles. D. seminiferous tubules. ,hen testosterone levels in a man4s bloodstream decrease$ A. the h pothalamus shuts do#n. B. more progesterone is secreted. C. luteini6ing hormone (@') secretion is increased. D. follicle1stimulating hormone (+*') secretion is bloc:ed. The production of testosterone is regulated b A. ox tocin. B. progesterone. C. luteini6ing hormone (@'). D. follicle1stimulating hormone (+*'). Testosterone levels in males are regulated b A. aldosterone. B. progesterone. C. luteini6ing hormone. D. follicle stimulating hormone. The function of the endometrium is to A. carr the egg to the uterus. B. release an egg once a month. C. produce hormones for the uterine c cle. D. provide nourishment for the developing embr o. >enstruation is the discharge of A. a follicle. B. the uterine lining. C. the corpus luteum. D. the cells lining the vagina. A rise in blood levels of +*' at the beginning of the ovarian c cle causes A.. menopause. B. the release of the egg. C. the maturation of the follicle. D. the brea:do#n of the endometrium. @o# levels of estrogen and progesterone in the blood #ill result in A. fertili6ation. B. no ovulation. C. menstruation. D. destruction of the corpus luteum. ,hich of the follo#ing statements is correct regarding the se%uence of events during the ovarian and uterine c cles& A. <vulation occurs #hen progesterone levels decrease. B. The endometrium is shed as estrogen levels increase. C. As the corpus luteum degenerates$ progesterone levels decrease. D. ,hen implantation occurs$ 'C? (human chorionic gonadotropic) hormone levels decrease. ,hich hormone triggers the release of the egg from the developing follicle& A. )strogen. B. 7rogesterone. C. @uteini6ing hormone (@'). D. +ollicle stimulating hormone (+*'). A #oman #ho exhibits male secondar sexual characteristics ma have a tumor in her A. ovar . B. pancreas. C. th roid gland. D. adrenal gland. +ertili6ation of the egg almost al#a s occurs in the A. uterus. B. cervix. C. ovaries. D. oviducts. Use the following information to answer the question! 1. "rethra 2. )pidid mis !. Dagina (. <viduct -. Ductus vas deferens ,hich of the follo#ing #ould be the correct path of a sperm on its #a to fertili6e an egg& A. 1$ 2$ !$ -$ ( B. 1$ !$ ($ -$ 2 C. 2$ 1$ !$ ($ - D. 2$ -$ 1$ !$ ( ,hich of the follo#ing$ if present in urine samples$ #ould indicate pregnanc & A. estrogen B. progesterone C. luteini6ing hormone (@') D. human chorionic gonadotropin ('C?) The hormone produced as a result of implantation is called A. testosterone. B. luteini6ing hormone (@'). C. follicle stimulating hormone (+*'). D. human chorionic gonadotropic hormone ('C?). The carbon dioxide produced b a developing fetus is removed b the A. cervix. B. placenta. C. oviducts. D. corpus luteum. 7ositive feedbac: controls the secretion of #hich of the follo#ing hormones& A. <x tocin. B. Calcitonin. C. Antidiuretic hormone. D. ?ro#th hormone (?'). The presence of human chorionic gonadotropin ('C?) in a #oman4s urine indicates that she A. is pregnant. B. has .ust ovulated. C. is about to menstruate. D. has decreased estrogen levels. >ost birth1control pills #or: b preventing egg maturation. These pills contain #hich of the follo#ing hormones& A. estrogen B. testosterone C. luteini6ing hormone (@') D. follicle1stimulating hormone (+*') 8ncreased secretion of +*' (follicle1stimulating hormone) #ill result in increased production of A. sperm. B. progesterone. C. seminal fluid. D. human chorionic gonadotropin ('C?). The site of testosterone production in the c toplasm of an interstitial cell is the A. l sosome. B. mitochondrion. C. rough endoplasmic reticulum. D. smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Testosterone is produced in the A. epidid mis. B. interstitial cells. C. seminal vesicles. D. seminiferous tubules.

C C B C C C D B C C C C D D D D D B A A A A D B

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,hich of the follo#ing hormones is controlled b positive feedbac:& A. <x tocin. B. Testosterone. C. 7rogesterone. D. +ollicle1stimulating hormone (+*'). ,hich of the follo#ing hormones does not promote homeostasis& A. 8nsulin. B. <x tocin. C. Calcitonin. D. Antidiuretic hormone (AD').

AN S W E R KE Y!!
BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES 1. / #. / '. 0 -. ! ?. / E. A @. ! G. / A. ! 1B. / 11. ! 1#. 0 1'. ! 1-. ! 1?. A 1E. / 1@. 0 1G. A 1A. 0 #B. 0 #1. 0 ##. / #'. 0 #-. ! #?. / #E. A #@. / #G. / #A. A 'B. / '1. ! '#. A ''. 0 '-. / '?. 0 'E. ! '@. A 'G. A 'A. A -B. / -1. ! -#. ! -'. ! --. A -?. A -E. ! -@. / -G. 0 -A. A ?B. ! ?1. A ?#. / ?'. ! ?-. ! ??. ! ?E. A ?@. / ?G. / ?A. 0 EB. 0 E1. A E#. ! E'. ! E-. ! E?. ! <aycro"t EE. E@. EG. EA. @B. @1. @#. @'. @-. @?. @E. @@. @G. @A. ! A ! / 0 0 0 / 0 ! ! A ! ! 1E. 1@. 1G. 1A. #B. #1. ##. #'. #-. #?. #E. #@. #G. #A. 'B. / A / / / 0 ! / A A ! ! 0 ! ! #. '. -. ?. E. @. G. A. 1B. 11. 1#. 1'. 1-. 1?. 1E. 1@. 1G. 1A. #B. #1. ##. #'. #-. #?. #E. #@. #G. #A. 'B. '1. '#. ''. '-. '?. 'E. '@. 'G. 'A. -B. -1. -#. -'. --. -?. -E. -@. -G. -A. ?B. ?1. ?#. ?'. ?-. ??. ?E. ?@. ?G. ?A. EB. E1. E#. E'. E-. E?. EE. E@. EG. 0 A ! 0 ! ! ! ! / 0 0 0 A / / / A 0 A / ! ! A A A ! A / ! 0 ! A 0 / 0 0 ! A A A / / 0 / / A A A A A A / 0 A 0 ! / 0 A / ! A ! / / A / EA. @B. @1. @#. @'. @-. @?. @E. @@. @G. @A. GB. G1. G#. G'. G-. G?. GE. G@. GG. GA. AB. 0 A A ! ! 0 / / / / A ! ! 0 0 / ! A A 0 0 /

DNA 6 PROTEIN SYNTHESIS 1. / #. 0 '. ! -. / ?. 0 E. 0 @. 0 G. A A. 0 1B. A 11. 0 1#. ! 1'. ! 1-. / 1?. ! 1E. / 1@. ! 1G. A 1A. A #B. ! #1. 0 ##. 0 #'. / #-. A #?. A #E. A #@. ! #G. / #A. A 'B. 0 '1. ! '#. / ''. ! THE CELL 1. 0 #. A '. 0 -. 0 ?. 0 E. ! @. 0 G. / A. ! 1B. ! 11. / 1#. 0 1'. ! 1-. ! 1?. !

CELL MEMBRANE AND TRANSPORT 1. / #. / '. A -. / ?. A E. 0 @. / G. 0 A. A 1B. 0 11. A 1#. ! 1'. A 1-. ! 1?. 0 1E. 0 1@. 0 1G. ! 1A. 0 #B. ! #1. A ##. / #'. ! #-. 0 #?. ! #E. 0 EN7YMES 1. 0 #. ! '. 0 -. / ?. / E. 0 @. 0 G. / A. 0 1B. 0 11. / 1#. A 1'. 0 1-. / 1?. / 1E. / 1@. / DIGESTION 6 HUMAN ORGANI7ATION 1. 0 #1--G'''1.doc

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM 1. / #. A '. ! -. ! ?. 0 E. 0 @. A G. / A. 0 1B. 0 11. 0 1#. ! 1'. A 1-. / 1?. / 1E. / 1@. / 1G. / 1A. A #B. ! #1. 0 ##. / #'. / #-. 0 #?. 0 #E. / #@. A #G. ! #A. A 'B. 0 '1. 0 '#. ! ''. A '-. / '?. 0 'E. ! '@. 0 'G. ! 'A. ! -B. ! -1. 0 -#. A Pa$e 1@

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