Section1BiologicalSafety Chapter8 BiosafetyLevels

BIOSAFETYLEVELSFourbiosafetylevels(BSLs)aresummarizedinthetablebelowforproper
handlingofbiohazardousmaterials.BSLsconsistofcombinationsoflaboratorypracticesand techniques,safetyequipment,andlaboratoryfacilities.Eachcombinationisspecifically appropriatefortheoperationsperformedthedocumentedorsuspectedroutesoftransmission oftheinfectiousagents,andforthelaboratoryfunctiontoractivity. BSL Agents
1

Practices

SafetyEquipment Facilities (PrimaryBarriers) (SecondaryBarriers)

Notknowntoconsistently Standard causediseasesin microbiological immunocompetentadult practices humans Associatedwithhuman disease.Hazard: percutaneousinjury, mucousmembrane exposure,ingestion BSL1practicesplus: limitedaccess biohazardwarning signs sharpsprecautions biosafetymanual definingwaste decontaminationor medicalsurveillance policies BSL2practicesplus: controlledaccess decontaminationof allwastes decontaminationof labclothingbefore laundering baselineserum BSL3practicesplus: clothingchange beforeentering showeronexit allmaterial decontaminatedon exitfromfacility

Primarybarriers:ClassIor IIbiosafetycabinetsor otherphysical containmentdevicesused forallmanipulationsof agentsthatcausesplashes oraerosolsofinfectious materials;PPE:laboratory coats,gloves,face protectionasneeded Primarybarriers:ClassIor IIbiosafetycabinetsor otherphysical containmentdevicesused forallmanipulationsof agents;PPE:laboratory coats,gloves,respiratory protectionasneeded

BSL1plus: nonfabricchairsandother furnitureeasilycleanable autoclaveavailable eyewashreadilyavailable

Indigenousorexoticagents withpotentialforaerosol transmission;diseasemay haveseriousorlethal consequences

BSL2plus: physicalseparationfromaccess corridors handsfreehandwashingsink selfclosingdoubledooraccess exhaustairnotrecirculated negativeairflowintolaboratory eyewashreadilyavailableinlab

Dangerous/exoticagents whichposehighriskoflife threateningdisease, aerosoltransmittedlab infections;orrelated agentswithunknownrisk oftransmission

Primarybarriers:All BSL3plus: proceduresconductedin separatebuildingorisolatedzone ClassIIIbiosafetycabinets dedicatedsupply/exhaust,vacuum orClassIorIIbiosafety anddeconsystem cabinetsincombination withfullbody,airsupplied TherearenoBSL4labsatDuke positivepressuresuit

SummarizedfromBiosafetyinMicrobiologicalandBiomedicalLaboratories,5thEdition,2007.

http://www.cdc.gov/od/ohs/biosfty/bmbl5/bmbl5toc.htm ClassificationofAgentsAccordingtoRisk Biologicalagentsareassignedtobiosafetylevels(BSL)basedontherisktheyposetohuman healthandtheenvironment.Suchfactorsasseverityofdiseasecausedbytheagentroutesof exposure,andvirulenceareusedwhendeterminingthemostappropriateBSL.Thepartiallist belowisprovidedtoassistlaboratoriesinmakingpreliminarydecisionsontheappropriate

Section1BiologicalSafety Chapter8 BiosafetyLevels

biosafetylevelforparticularagents.Ultimately,theOccupationalandEnvironmentalSafety Office(OESO)willmakethefinalBSLassignment.Ifaparticularagentisnotlistedbelow,orif furtherassistanceisneededininterpretingBSLrequirements,contacttheOESOBiological SafetyDivisionat6848822.TherearenoBiosafetyLevel4labsatDuke. BiohazardWarningSignage Asignincorporatingtheuniversalbiohazardsymbolmustbepostedattheentrancetothe laboratorywheninfectiousagentsarepresent. BiosafetyLevel1(BSL1):Thesignmayincludethenameoftheagent(s)inuse,andthename andphonenumberofthelaboratorysupervisororotherresponsiblepersonnel. BSL1issuitableforworkinvolvingwellcharacterizedagentsnotknowntoconsistently causediseaseinimmunocompetentadulthumans,andpresentminimalpotential hazardtolaboratorypersonnelandtheenvironment.Allbacterial,parasitic,fungal, viral,rickettsial,andchlamydialagentswhichhavebeenassessedforriskbutdonot belongtoahigherriskgroupcanbesafelyhandledatBSL1.Beawarethatmanyagents notordinarilyassociatedwithdiseaseareopportunisticpathogensandmaycause infectionintheyoung,theagedandimmunocompromisedindividuals.Examplesof agentshandledatBSL1include:Bacillussubtilis,EschericiacoliK12,Naegleriagruberi, etc. BiosafetyLevel2(BSL2):Postedinformationonthesignmustincludethenameofthe agent(s),laboratorysbiosafetylevel,supervisorsname(orotherresponsiblepersonnel), telephonenumber,andrequiredproceduresforenteringandexitingthelaboratory.

BSL2buildsuponBSL1.BSL2issuitableforworkinvolvingagentsthatposemoderate hazardstopersonnelandtheenvironment.ItdiffersfromBSL1inthat:1)laboratory personnelhavespecifictraininginhandlingpathogenicagentsandaresupervisedby scientistscompetentinhandlinginfectiousagentsandassociatedprocedures;2)access tothelaboratoryisrestrictedwhenworkisbeingconducted;and3)allproceduresin whichinfectiousaerosolsorsplashesmaybecreatedareconductedinBSCsorother physicalcontainmentequipment. BSL2ViralAgents: Adenovirus HTLVtypesIandII CreutzfeldJacobagent HumanBlood&BloodProducts Cytomegalovirus Kuru Easternequineencephalitis Monkeypoxvirus EpsteinBarrvirus SIV Spongiformencephalopathies HepatitisA,B,C,D,E Herpessimplexviruses Vacciniavirus

Section1BiologicalSafety Chapter8 BiosafetyLevels

HIV BSL2Bacterial/RickettsialAgents: Campylocacterfetus,coli,jejuni Chlamydiapsittaci,trachomatis Clostridiumbotulinum,tetani Corynebacteriumdiphtheriae Legionellaspp Neisseriagonorrhoeae Neisseriameningitidis Pseudomonaspseudomallei Salmonellaspp BSL2FungalAgents: Blastomycesdermatitidis Cryptococcusneoformans Microsporumspp Exophialadermatitidis(wangiella) BSL2ParasiticAgents: Entomeoebahistolytia Crytosporidiumspp Giardiaspp Naegleriafowleri Plasmodiumspp

VSV(labadaptedstrains)

Shigellaboydii,dysenteriae, flexneri,sonnei Treponemapallidum Vibriocholera (includingElTor) Vibrioparahemolyticus Vibriovulnificus Yersiniapestis

Fonsecaeapedrosoi Sporothrixschenkii Trichophytonspp

Strongyloidesspp Taniasolium Toxoplasmaspp Trypanosomaspp

BiosafetyLevel3(BSL3):Postedinformationonthesignmustincludethenameofthe agent(s),laboratorysbiosafetylevel,supervisorsname(orotherresponsiblepersonnel), telephonenumber(s),andrequiredproceduresforenteringandexitingthelaboratory.

BSL3isapplicabletoclinical,diagnostic,teaching,research,orproductionfacilitieswherework isperformedwithindigenousorexoticagentsthatmaycauseseriousorpotentiallylethal diseasethroughtheinhalationrouteofexposure.Laboratorypersonnelmustreceivespecific traininginhandlingpathogenicandpotentiallylethalagents,andmustbesupervisedby scientistscompetentinhandlinginfectiousagentsandassociatedprocedures.Allprocedures involvingthemanipulationofinfectiousmaterialsmustbeconductedwithinBSCsorother physicalcontainmentdevices.ABSL3laboratoryhasspecialengineeringanddesignfeatures.

Section1BiologicalSafety Chapter8 BiosafetyLevels

BSL3ViralAgents: Valley VSVexoticstrains(Piry) RiftValleyFever(Zinga) Yellowfever(wildtype) BSL3Bacterial/RickettsialAgents: Bacillusanthracis Mycobacteriumbovis Francisellatularensis Rickettsiarickettsii Mycobacteriumtuberculosis Yerseniapestis(resistantstrains) BSL3FungalAgents: Coccidioidesimmitis Histoplasmacapsulatum