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Al., 1990) - According To Moriarty (1998), Production of Shrimp in Philippines Decreases

- World aquaculture production of seafood has increased in recent years, however disease remains a major challenge, especially those caused by Vibrio bacteria which can cause high mortality. - While antibiotics have been used to treat bacterial disease, this can lead to increased antibiotic resistance in bacteria. - Probiotics are a promising alternative for disease control and prevention, as certain bacteria isolated from shellfish and crustaceans have shown ability to inhibit pathogens and benefit the host. Further research is needed to develop new probiotic strains from local shellfish species.

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61 views3 pages

Al., 1990) - According To Moriarty (1998), Production of Shrimp in Philippines Decreases

- World aquaculture production of seafood has increased in recent years, however disease remains a major challenge, especially those caused by Vibrio bacteria which can cause high mortality. - While antibiotics have been used to treat bacterial disease, this can lead to increased antibiotic resistance in bacteria. - Probiotics are a promising alternative for disease control and prevention, as certain bacteria isolated from shellfish and crustaceans have shown ability to inhibit pathogens and benefit the host. Further research is needed to develop new probiotic strains from local shellfish species.

Uploaded by

jasumin91
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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INTRODUCTION

World aquaculture production of seafood has reached 62.7 million tonnes in 2011 up by 6.2% from 59 million tonnes in 2010 which made up 0.1% of total seafood production worldwide. !"#$% 2011&. 'n 2011% (2.()% of world aquaculture production are from mollus* and crustacean. +hellfish aquaculture is e,pected to e,pand due to the decrease in its natural resources and also its hi-h demand on shellfish . deri/ed products. 0isease is now a limitin- factor in shrimp culture subsector !"#$%1997&. 1ost of the bacterial diseases are commonly caused by 2ibrio spp. !3stes et al. 200 &. 2ibrio is a -ram ne-ati/e bacteria% ubiquitous in marine and estuarine ecosystem as well as aquaculture farm. 2ibrio is the most common patho-en that cause /ibriosis disease in aquaculture. 't has caused hi-h mortality in aquaculture worldwide. #mon- the /ibrio spp are Vibrio harveyi, Vibrio alginolyticus and Vibrio anguillarium. 4acterial diseases caused by 2ibrio spp has caused hi-h mortalities and ma5or economic loss to some countries. !3stes et al.% 200 &. 6his can be seen when one of 2ibrio species7 V. Harveyi has cause luminescent /ibriosis% which is an important disease that caused mass mortality in shrimp especially P.monodon !8a/illa . 9ito-o et al.% 1990&. #ccordin- to 1oriarty !199)&% production of shrimp in 9hilippines decreases about 55% between 1995 . 1997. 6hailand also e,perience the same when their production drop 0% between year 199 to 1997. 'nfectious bacterial diseases in aquaculture are of ma5or concern to the industry and are typically controlled by *illin- of the patho-en either by doin- treatment with antibiotics or chemotherapeutics7 or /accination. #lthou-h the pre/ention of disease by /accination is increasin-% disease control usin- antibiotics remains the method of choice in many areas. #ntimicrobial dru-s ha/e been one of the solution chosen for treatment. 0espite its ob/ious benefit in treatin- animals infected by bacterial diseases% antimicrobial dru-s has been prophylactic !pre/enti/e& or for -rowth enhancement !2an den 4o-aard and +tobberin-h% 2000&. :owe/er% the use of this dru-s ha/e rise up the emer-ence of #ntibiotic ;esistance 4acteria !+chwar< et al.% 2001& which ma*e this

bacteria immune to the antibiotic -i/en. 6here are certain antibiotic resistant bacteria that could pass on the resistance -enes to human patho-ens which could be a health ris*inproblem to human. !2an den 4o-aard = +tobberin-h 2000& ;esistance mechanism function in two ways7 by chromosome mutation and acquisition of plasmid. >hromosome mutation does not ha/e the ability to transfer the resistance -enes to others. :owe/er% -ene resistance could be pass on with plasmid. 9ast research has found the carryin- -enes for resistance to antimicrobial dru-s in 2ibrio spp. 3n/ironmentally friendly methods for controllin- microbial patho-enesis in aquaculture with probiotic bacteria ha/e -ained considerable research interest and are becomin- increasin-ly preferred as /iable% alternati/e mana-ement practices for disease pre/ention. 'n 1965% 8illy = +tillwell stated the ori-inal probiotic concept which is proto<oans producin- substances that stimulated other proto<oans. 6his concept is then impro/ised by "uller !19)9& when he stated probiotic is a li/e microbial feed supplement which beneficially affects the host animal by impro/in- its intestinal balance. 6he probiotic or-anisms must not be patho-enic to the host and% furthermore% it is considered ad/anta-eous if the probiont is indi-enous to the en/ironment in which it will be used. 't should also be accepted by the host throu-h in-estion and potential coloni<ation and replication within the host di-esti/e system. 6he probiont must also wor* in /itro as well as in /i/o and lastly% they must be free from /irulence resistance -enes or antibiotic resistance -enes. !2erschuere et al.% 2000&. 2erschuere et al stated in his re/iew article on the possible mode of action of the probiotic bacteria7 by the production of certain compound that could inhibit the patho-ens. 9robiotic can also -i/e competition with harmful microor-anism for nutrient and ener-y besides compete for adhesion sites. 6hey increase the immune resistance of the host and impro/e the water quality by their interaction with phytoplan*ton for a better en/ironment condition. 4acteria that ha/e been successfully pro/en to be used as probiotic belon- to the -enus 2ibrio !?riffith% 19957 ?arriques and #re/alo% 1995&% Bacillus spp. !1oriarty% 199)7

;en-pipat et al.% 199)& and Thalassobacter utilis !1aeda and 8iao% 1992&. 6hese bacteria strain were isolated from shrimp culture water !6anasomwan- et al.% 199)& and from the intestine of different penaeid species !;en-pipat et al.% 2000&. ?ome<.?il et al. !199)& stated that there are the a wide di/ersity of 2ibrio species in the hepatopancreas of healthy Penaeus vannamei. :owe/er there are no report so far statin- the use of this bacteria strains as probiotic. 9re/ious research at the 1ilford 8aboratory has shown that naturally.occurrinbacteria isolated from the di-esti/e -lands of adult oysters ! Crassostrea virginica & show promise as potential probiotic additi/es in oyster lar/iculture% based on bench.scale e,periments. 'n other studies% /arious species of Lactobacilli are isolated from $ysters !Crassostrea gigas&. 6his bacteria is pro/en in showin- anta-onism character towards V. Alginolyticus. !'n 8ee et al.% 2010&. 6he administration of probiotics appears to be a /ery promisin- research area for nutrition% biocontrol and disease pre/ention in aquaculture !4alca<ar et al., 2006&. :ence% it is interestin- to find out the potential probiotic bacteria that could be isolated from the shellfish species and try to de/elop new probiotic strains to impro/e sur/i/al and health of shellfish precisely oysters and shrimp.

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