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Fourier Transform: The Forward and Inverse Are Defined For Signal As

The document defines and discusses the Fourier transform and related concepts. It begins by defining the forward and inverse Fourier transform and discussing their connection to the Laplace transform. It then defines three useful functions - the unit rectangular window function, unit triangle function, and sinc function. The remainder of the document provides examples of applying the Fourier transform to various signals, including a unit impulse, constant signal, exponential, sinusoid, periodic signal, and impulse train. Tables summarizing key Fourier transforms are also included.

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187 views

Fourier Transform: The Forward and Inverse Are Defined For Signal As

The document defines and discusses the Fourier transform and related concepts. It begins by defining the forward and inverse Fourier transform and discussing their connection to the Laplace transform. It then defines three useful functions - the unit rectangular window function, unit triangle function, and sinc function. The remainder of the document provides examples of applying the Fourier transform to various signals, including a unit impulse, constant signal, exponential, sinusoid, periodic signal, and impulse train. Tables summarizing key Fourier transforms are also included.

Uploaded by

gaurav_juneja_4
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Fourier Transform

Definition of Fourier Transform


The forward and inverse Fourier Transform are defined for aperiodic signal as:

Fourier series is used for periodic signals.

L7.1 p678

Connection between Fourier Transform and Laplace Transform


Compare Fourier Transform:

With Laplace Transform: Setting s = j in this equation yield:

Is it true that: ? Yes only if x(t) is absolutely integrable, i.e. has finite energy:

L7.2-1 p697

Define three useful functions


A unit rectangular window (also called a unit gate) function rect(x):

A unit triangle function (x):

Interpolation function sinc(x): or

More about sinc(x) function


sinc(x) is an even function of x. sinc(x) = 0 when sin(x) = 0 except when x=0, i.e. x = , 2, 3.. sinc(0) = 1 (derived with LHpitals rule) sinc(x) is the product of an oscillating signal sin(x) and a monotonically decreasing function 1/x. Therefore it is a damping oscillation with period of 2 with amplitude decreasing as 1/x.

Fourier Transform of

x(t) = rect(t/)

Evaluation:

Since rect(t/) = 1 for -/2 < t < /2 and 0 otherwise

Bandwidth 2/

L7.2 p689

Fourier Transform of unit impulse x(t) = (t)


Using the sampling property of the impulse, we get:

IMPORTANT Unit impulse contains COMPONENT AT EVERY FREQUENCY.

L7.2 p691

Inverse Fourier Transform of ()


Using the sampling property of the impulse, we get:

Spectrum of a constant (i.e. d.c.) signal x(t)=1 is an impulse 2(). or

L7.2 p691

Inverse Fourier Transform of ( - 0)


Using the sampling property of the impulse, we get:

Spectrum of an everlasting exponential ej0t is a single impulse at =0.

or

and

L7.2 p692

Fourier Transform of everlasting sinusoid cos 0t


Remember Euler formula:

Spectrum of cosine signal has two impulses at positive and negative frequencies.

L7.2 p693

Fourier Transform of any periodic signal


Fourier series of a periodic signal x(t) with period T0 is given by:

Take Fourier transform of both sides, we get:

L7.2 p693

Fourier Transform of a unit impulse train


Consider an impulse train

T (t ) = (t nT0 )
0

The Fourier series of this impulse train can be shown to be: 2 1 T0 (t ) = Dn e jn0t where 0 = and Dn = T0 T0 Therefore using results from the last slide (slide 11), we get:

Fourier Transform Table (1)

L7.3 p702

Fourier Transform Table (2)

Fourier Transform Table (3)

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