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Tit Ration

A titration is a method to determine the precise quantity of a reactant by using a buret to deliver a second reactant to the flask until the endpoint of the reaction is reached, as indicated by a color change in an indicator or a pH change. The key steps are to condition and fill the buret, take an initial volume reading, add the sample and indicator to the flask, slowly deliver the titrant while monitoring for the endpoint color/pH change, and calculate the quantity of reactant using the titrant volume and concentration. Titrations can be done with either an indicator or a pH meter to detect the endpoint.

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92 views5 pages

Tit Ration

A titration is a method to determine the precise quantity of a reactant by using a buret to deliver a second reactant to the flask until the endpoint of the reaction is reached, as indicated by a color change in an indicator or a pH change. The key steps are to condition and fill the buret, take an initial volume reading, add the sample and indicator to the flask, slowly deliver the titrant while monitoring for the endpoint color/pH change, and calculate the quantity of reactant using the titrant volume and concentration. Titrations can be done with either an indicator or a pH meter to detect the endpoint.

Uploaded by

rafera
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Titration

A titration is a method of analysis that will allow you to


determine the precise endpoint of a reaction and
therefore the precise quantity of reactant in the titration
flask. A buret is used to deliver the second reactant to
the flask and an indicator or pH Meter is used to detect
the endpoint of the reaction.
Doing a Titration

Begin by preparing your buret, as described on the buret page. Your buret should be
conditioned and filled with titrant solution. You should check for air bubbles and leaks,
before proceding with the titration.

Take an initial volume reading and record it in your


notebook. Before beginning a titration, you should
always calculate the expected endpoint volume.
Prepare the solution to be analyzed by placing it in a
clean Erlenmeyer flask or beaker. If your sample is a
solid, make sure it is completely dissoloved. Put a
magnetic stirrer in the flask and add indicator.

Use the buret to deliver a stream of titrant to within a


couple of mL of your expected endpoint. You will see the
indicator change color when the titrant hits the solution
in the flask, but the color change disappears upon
stirring.

Approach the endpoint more slowly and watch the color


of your flask carefully. Use a wash bottle to rinse the
sides of the flask and the tip of the buret, to be sure all
titrant is mixed in the flask.
As you approach the endpoint, you may need to add a partial drop of titrant. You can do
this with a rapid spin of a teflon stopcock or by partially opening the stopcock and rinsing
the partial drop into the flask with a wash bottle. Ask your TA to demonstrate these
techniques for you, in the lab.

Make sure you know what the endpoint should look like. For phenolphthalein, the
endpoint is the first permanent pale pink. The pale pink fades in 10 to 20 minutes.

If you think you might have reached the endpoint, you can record the volume reading
and add another partial drop. Sometimes it is easier to tell when you have gone past the
endpoint.
If the flask looks like this, you have gone too far!

When you have reached the endpoint, read the final volume in the buret and record it in
your notebook.

Subtract the initial volume to determine the amount of titrant delivered. Use this, the
concentration of the titrant, and the stoichiometry of the titration reaction to calculate
the number of moles of reactant in your analyte solution.
For more information, see the page on burets.
Titrating with a pH meter

Titration with a pH meter follows the same procedure as a titration with an indicator,
except that the endpoint is detected by a rapid change in pH, rather than the color
change of an indicator.

Arrange the sample, stirrer, buret, and pH meter electrode so that you can read the pH
and operate the buret with ease.

To detect the endpoint accurately, record pH vs. volume of titrant added and plot the
titration curve as you titrate.

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