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1 Make Sense of Problems and Persevere in Solving Them

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191 views

1 Make Sense of Problems and Persevere in Solving Them

Uploaded by

api-234024772
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Coreformathematicalpractices COMMONCORESTATESTANDARDSFORMATHEMATICS StandardsforMathematicalPractice 1 Make sense of problems and persevere in solving them.

Mathematically proficient students: Explain to themselves the meaning of a problem and determine how to solve it. Consider similar problems, and try special cases and simpler forms of the original problem. Monitor and evaluate their progress and change course if necessary. Explain similarities between equations, verbal descriptions, tables and graphs. Draw diagrams of important features and relationships, graph data, and search for regularity or trends. Use concrete objects or pictures to help conceptualize and solve a problem. Check their answers to problems using a different method. Ask themselves, Does this make sense? Understand the approaches of others to solving complex problems.

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2 Reason abstractly and quantitatively.

Mathematically proficient students: Make sense of quantities and their relationships in problem situations. Decontextualize (take a given situation and represent it symbolically and manipulate the representing symbols) Contextualize (pause as needed during the manipulation process in order to understand representing symbols) Demonstrate an understanding of number sense, not just how to compute numbers. Know and flexibly use different properties of operations and objects.

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3 Construct viable arguments and critique the reasoning of others.

Mathematically proficient students: Provide explanations and justifications as part of their solution process Attempt to make sense of their classmates solutions by asking questions for clarification Communicate when they dont understand or agree with solution others present, spurring healthy debate between and among students Distinguish correct logic or reasoning from that which is flawed elementary students construct arguments using objects, drawings, diagrams, and actions later students learn to determine domains to which an argument applies.

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4 Model with mathematics.


Mathematically proficient students: Apply the mathematics they know to solve problems arising in everyday life, society, and the workplace. In early grades, this might be as simple as writing an addition equation to describe a situation. In middle grades, a student might apply proportional reasoning to plan a school event or analyze a problem in the community. By high school, a student might use geometry to solve a design problem or use a function to describe how one quantity of interest depends on another. Provide opportunities for students to solve real-world problems Focus students attention on sense making and reasonableness of results Have students develop real-life contexts to support mathematical expressions

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5 Use appropriate tools strategically.


Mathematically proficient students: Consider available tools when solving a mathematical problem. Are familiar with tools appropriate for their grade or course to make sound decisions about when each of these tools should be used. Detect possible errors by using estimations and other mathematical knowledge. Technology can enable the students to visualize the results of varying assumptions, and explore consequences. Identify relevant mathematical resources and use them to pose or solve problems. Use technological tools to explore and deepen their understanding of concepts.

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6 Attend to precision.
Mathematically proficient students: Try to communicate precisely to others. Use clear definitions in discussion with others and in their own reasoning. State the meaning of the symbols they choose, including using the equal sign consistently and appropriately. Specify units of measure and label axes. Calculate accurately and efficiently, express numerical answers with precision appropriate for the context. In the elementary grades, students give carefully formulated explanations to each other. In high school, students have learned to examine claims and make explicit use of definitions.

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7 Look for and make use of structure.


Mathematically proficient students: Look closely to recognize a pattern or structure. Young students might notice that three and seven more is the same amount as seven and three more. Later, students will see 7x8 equals the well-remembered 7x5+7x3, in preparation for the distributive property. In the expression x2 + 9x + 14 , older students can see the 14 as 2x7 and the 9 as 2+7. Can observe problems from a different perspective. See complicated things, such as some algebraic expressions, as a whole composed of multiple parts.

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8 Look for and express regularity in repeated reasoning.


Mathematically proficient students: Notice if calculations are repeated. Look both for general methods and for shortcuts. Maintain the big picture, while attending to the details. Continually evaluate the reasonableness of results throughout the process.

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