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OilPalm NutrientDefSymptoms

The document discusses deficiency symptoms for various nutrients in oil palm plants. It lists symptoms for nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, copper, iron, sulfur, and boron deficiencies. Symptoms include yellowing or discoloration of leaves, reduced growth, and stunting. The document also identifies likely environments for deficiencies, such as waterlogged or compacted soils, sandy soils, and soils with extreme pH levels.

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7K views1 page

OilPalm NutrientDefSymptoms

The document discusses deficiency symptoms for various nutrients in oil palm plants. It lists symptoms for nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, copper, iron, sulfur, and boron deficiencies. Symptoms include yellowing or discoloration of leaves, reduced growth, and stunting. The document also identifies likely environments for deficiencies, such as waterlogged or compacted soils, sandy soils, and soils with extreme pH levels.

Uploaded by

shaharuddin_yahaya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Leaf symptoms

Plant symptoms

Likely environments
= Small, pale green or yellow, occurring first at the lower fronds. = Degree of yellowing indicates severity of deficiency. = Yellow rachis and midribs with narrow leaflets that roll inwards. = Tips of affected leaflets may turn purplish brown. = Reduced frond production and plant growth rate. = Reduced petiole cross section (PCS) in mature palms. = Delay in onset of first harvest = Reduction in yield. = Waterlogged conditions (pH <4). = Shallow or compacted soils. = After application of organic residues with wide C:N ratio.

N
Nitrogen

Drainage

Deficiency Symptoms in Oil Palm

= Yellowing of entire foliage.

= Clusters of affected palms next to healthy palms on welldrained soils. = Low-lying areas or basins that are difficult or uneconomic to drain. = Blocked drain outlets. = Compacted soils (hardpan).

Cover Plants

= P: Reduced leaf size. = P: Lusterless dark green leaves. = K: Marginal yellowing; necrosis starting at tips of older leaves. = K: Leaf base and midrib remain green. = Mg: Yellowing of older leaves particularly at interveins. = Mg: Yellow mottles on leaf tips which become necrotic and desiccated. = P: Very dark green or dark redpurple bines. = P: Poor establishment. = P: Stunted, reduced growth. = P: Leaves progressively smaller along the bine. = P: Defoliation.

Mg Mg

P
Phosphorus

= Short fronds. = Stunted; reduced vegetative growth. = Trunk diameter decreases with increasing height (pyramid shape). = Eroded topsoils. = P-fixing sedimentary soils. = Soils from volcanic ash.

Cu
Copper

= Small chlorotic streaks in leaflet tip that gradually turn yellow. = Pale green to yellow-orange streaks along leaf interveins, but pinnae remain green. = Necrotic, desiccated leaf tips. = Midcrown chlorosis. = Retarded growth and reduced palm length. = Stunting and palm death. = Peat soils. = Very sandy soils (>90% sand). = After large applications of P and N fertilizer without sufficient K. = After large applications of Mg fertilizer.

K
Potassium

= Confluent orange spotting, diffused midcrown yellowing or white stripe Yellowing or white stripe. = Chlorotic or necrotic spots on older fronds. = Flat-topped appearance in young palms. = Reduced frond size and delayed development of entire crown. = = = = Peat soils. Shallow or compacted soils. Low pH sandy soils. Ex-forest or savannah grasslands where intensive cropping was practiced.

Fe

= Pale green to yellowish-green interveins. = Chlorosis of the youngest 3-4 fronds. = Yellow, desiccated older fronds. = Frond snapping in middle or upper crowns. = Collapse of spear and leaf cabbage.

Iron

Mg
Magnesium

= Olive green to ochre patches on leaflets exposed to light, but shaded pinnae remains green. = Ochre to bright yellow fronds that turn necrotic. = Sandy soils with shallow or eroded topsoils. = High rainfall areas (>3,500 mm/yr). = Over-fertilization of other nutrients causing imbalance with Mg.

= Very calcareous soils (pH >7.5). = Deep peat soils. = After large applications of P fertilizer. = Deep organic soils over sandy soils.

S
Sulfur

= Bright yellow color. = Orange necrotic spots. = Reddish discoloration on leaf margins starting from leaflet tip. = Ex-grassland savannah soils.

B
Boron

= Brittle with dark-green color. = Abnormal leaf shape (crinkle leaf, hooked leaf). = Pale, transparent spots aligned on either side of secondary veins in very young palms. = Reduced frond length leading to flat-topped appearance. = Truncation of frond tip (blind leaf). = Fish-bone appearance of severely affected fronds. = Palm death due to necrosis of palm growing point. = Poor kernel formation (partly parthenocarpic fruits). = Peat soils and very sandy soils = Acid soils (pH <4.5) or very alkaline soils (pH 7.5). = After large application of N, K, and Ca fertilizers.

POTASH & PHOSPHATE INSTITUTE

INTERNATIONAL POTASH INSTITUTE

Southeast Asia Program

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