CHAPTER 1 THE WORLD THROUGH OUR SENSES SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS 1.

1 Sensory Organs 1 Name the sensory organs that we have. (a)

(b) Senses

(b)

(d)

(c)

Complete the chart below by using the words given. Nerves Brain !!ectors "esponse "eceptors

Stimulus

(a)

Nerves impulses

(b) Nerves impulses (c)

(c)

Nerves impulses (c) Nerves Nerves impulses

1.2 Senses o! #ouch $ %denti!y the parts labelled (a) to (!) !or the structure o! human s&in.
(f) (a) (e) (b) (d)

(c)

1.$ Senses o! Smell ' (ill in the blan&s with the suitable words. (a) #he two holes in our nose is called the )))))))))))))))))))))). (b) Nose is a sensory organ o! ))))))))))))))))). (c) #he roo! o! the ))))))))))))))has many sensory cells or receptors to detect smells.

1.' Senses o! #aste * +nderline the correct word in the brac&ets so that each sentence becomes a true statement. (a) #he sensory organ !or taste is the [nose, tongue . (b) Our tongue can detect [!ou", !#$e basic tastes. (c) Our tongue is lined with taste [%e&&s, 'u(s which contain many taste receptors. (d) Our sense o! [tou%), s*e&& improves our sense o! taste.

1.* Senses o! ,earing #ic& P the statements below that are true. (a) #he ear is the sensory organ o! hearing. (b) #he ear has two main parts namely the outer ear and the inner ear. (c) #he !unction o! the oval window is to trans!er vibration o! the ossicles to the cochlea.

/atch the parts o! the ears with their !unction.

P+"ts o! t)e e+"s (a) 0inna (b) ar canal (c) ardrum (d) Ossicles (e) Oval window (!) Cochlea (g) ustachian tube (h) 1uditory nerve (i) Semicircular canals

,un%t#on 1mpli!y vibrations and trans!er them to the oval window 3etects vibrations and converts them into nerve impulses 3irects sounds to the eardrum 4ualises air pressure on both sides o! the eardrum5 preventing it !rom damage Collects and directs sounds into the ear canal 3etect position and movement o! head to help us &eep our balance #rans!er vibrations o! the ossicles to the cochlea 6ibrates when sound waves hit it Carries nerve impulses to the brain

1.- Sense o! Sight 2 Name the parts o! the human eye structure below..

(b) (a) (c)

(d) (g) (e)

(f)

1.. 7ight and Sight 8 (ind the answers in the bo9 below based on the statements given.
F O S F K L D B F A G T H O I O R P B S E S T M E E S I C R R O I A F S L U E I N T P L I T C O N C A V E C C U S S P T T C F O D C U J I A T U N I O D R O T I D V T P L K N L O R E Y I S O S R N S X H C S O O E P S

(a) )))))))))))))))))o! light occurs when it bounces o!! the

sur!ace on which it !alls. (b) 1 short:sighted persons need )))))))))))))lenses to see distant ob;ect clearly (c) 1 long:sighted persons need )))))))))))))))lenses to see near ob;ects clearly. (d) 0redators have ))))))))))))))vision to determine the location o! their prey accurately. (e) 9amples o! )))))))))))))))o! sight are optical illusions and the presence o! the blind spot on our retina. 1.8 Stimuli and "esponses in 0lants 1< Name the types o! tropisms#ypes o! tropisms

(a)

(b)

(c) OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS 1.1 Sensory Organs 1

(d)

Organs that detect changes in the surroundings are &nown as 1 nerves C senses B stimuli 3 sensory organs Cold !ood do not smell as nice as when it is still hot. #his is because cold !ood 1 cannot be smelt

B C 3

releases less chemicals into the air releases more chemicals into the air does not stimulate the smell receptors

1.2 Sense o! #ouch $ =hy are the soles o! our !eet not very sensitive to temperature and touch> 1 #he dermis is thin B #he epidermis is thic& C #here are many receptors 3 #he sole has a thic& !atty layer 3iagram 1 shows the characteristics o! ?. 1 structure o! our body ,as a large number o! heat and cold receptors 3iagram 1 =hich o! these in!erences about ? is correct> 1 ? is the !ront o! the !orearm B ? is only sensitive to temperature C ? is very sensitive to temperature 3 ? can be used to determine temperature 1.$ Sense o! Smell * =hich o! the !ollowing are parts o! the human nose> % Nostril %% Nasal cavity %%% Ciliary muscles 1 % and %% only C %% and %%% only B % and %%% only 3 %5 %% and %%%

'

%n the human nose5 the sensory cells can be !ound at 1 the nostril B near the epiglottis C the roo! o! the nasal cavity 3 the base o! the nasal cavity

1.' Sense o! #aste . 3iagram 2 shows the structure o! the human tongue.
A B C

Diagram 2

=hich o! the !ollowing mar&ed regions would be stimulated when eating pineapple> 1.* Sense o! ,earing 2 3iagram $ shows the structure o! a human ear.
B D C A

Diagram 3

=hich o! the parts mar&ed 15 B5 C and 3 ampli!ies vibrations and trans!ers them to the oval window> 8 =hich o! the !ollowing pairs o! structure and !unction is correct>

St"u%tu"e o! E+" 1 1uditory nerves B Cochlea C Ossicles 3 ustachian tube 1<

,un%t#on Controls the body@s balance Balances the air pressure in both ears 1mpli!ies sound vibrations Converts vibrations to nerve impulses

=hich o! the !ollowing parts o! the ear is correctly matched with its !unction> % Oval window : magni!ies vibrations %% ardrum : vibrates when sound waves hit it %%% Ossicles : change vibration into nerve impulses 1 % only C %% and %%% only B %% only 3 %5 %% and %%%

1.- Sense o! Sight 11 =hich o! the !ollowing shows the correct path o! light as it travels through the eye> % 0upil 7ens 6itreous humour %% Cornea 7ens "etina %%% Con;unctiva Sclera Optic nerve 1 % and %% only C %% and %%% only B % and %%% only 3 %5 %% and %%% 12 3iagram ' shows the !ront view o! a human eye.

W Z Diagram 4 Y

#he siAe o! pupil is controlled by 1 = C B B C 3 D 1.. 7ight and Sight 1$ 1n individual with one blind eye will have di!!iculty in 1 seeing red ob;ects B seeing blac& ob;ects C recognising colours o! ob;ects 3 estimating the distance between ob;ects 3iagram * shows a deer-

1'

Diagram 5

=hich o! the !ollowing statements are true about its vision> % %t has a wide scope o! vision %% %t has a similar vision as a rabbit or rat %%% %t is unable to estimate distance accurately 1 % and %% only C %% and %%% only B % and %%% only 3 %5 %% and %%%

1*

3iagram - shows the possible image positions in the eye.

x Ax

Diagram 6

=hich o! the !ollowing positions labelled 15 B5 C and 3 belongs to a long:sighted person without glasses> 1=hich o! the !ollowing diagrams shows the correct path ta&en by light travelling through a glass prism> 1 C

1.2 Sound and ,earing 1. =hich o! the !ollowing statements is not true about sound> 1 Sounds needs a medium to travel B Sounds are produced by vibrations C Sound can be re!lected or absorbed 3 ,ard and smooth sur!aces are good absorbers o! sound

1.8 Stimuli and "esponses in 0lants 12 =hat response in plants that helps the roots to !unction well> 1 0ositive geotropisme only

B C 3 18

Negative phototropisme only 0ositive geotropism and hydrotropism 0ositive thigmotropism and hydrotropism

=hich o! the !ollowing plants show responses to nastic movements> 1 Cucumber C /imosa pudica B ,ibiscus plant 3 3urian plants

REVISION 1 3iagram 1 shows a !low chart o! sound waves entering a human ear. 0 ar Canal E " Cochlea S

#he structure labelled 05 E5 " and S represent 1 B C 3 2 P Ossicles 0inna 1uditory nerve ardrum Q ardrum ardrum 0inna R S 1uditory nerve 0inna Ossicles 1uditory nerve ardrum Ossicles 0inna

1uditory nerve Ossicles

#he in!ormation describes a vision. #hree F dimensional view Small !ield o! vision Gudges a distance accurately =hich o! the !ollowing represent the in!ormation above> 1 %llusion optic C /onocular vision

B $

7ong:sightedness

Stereoscopic vision

3iagram 2 shows an accident ray !rom medium C to medium B.

Medium X Medium Y Diagram 2

=hich o! the !ollowing pairs represent medium C and B>

Air Water Glass Air

Air Air Air Glass

'

3iagram $ shows the areas o! a human tongue.

(a) 05 E5 " and S as shown in 3iagram $ are di!!erent areas on our tongue. =hat type o! tastes does each o! the areas respond to>

(b) (c)

0 H )))))))))))) E H ))))))))))) " H )))))))))))) S H ))))))))))) #he sur!ace o! our tongue is covered with little bumps. Name these bumps. ))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))) =hy does dry !ood have no taste> ))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))) )))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))

3iagram ' shows a person having short:sightedness.

Diagram 4

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

Complete the diagram to show where the image is !ocused. "ecommend type o! lenses to correct this problem. ))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))) 9plain your answer in (b). ))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))) ))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))) State a problem !aced by a person who has short: sightedness. ))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))) Name the spots that are !ound in our eyes. ))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))) )))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))