Chemistry Experiment Report

Thermochemistry :

Endothermic and Exothermic Reaction

Class XI Science 4 By Group : Adilan Widyawan ( ) Andika Lusi Ayu ( ) Anna Farhiya l!a ( ) Amran "ha!i!i ( ) Elis #ur Rohma (17) $enokh Lu%o $ ( )

SM !e"eri 1 #em$er
Tahun &ela'aran ())*+(),)

cti%ity 1 Endothermic Reaction 1& 'RE() B *ISC+SSI,! -any chemical reaction that is connected with ener%y. Chemical reactions that a/sor/ ener%y are called endothermic reaction. 0n acti1ity one is shown reaction /etween citric acid solution and /akin% soda. The e2uation !or the reaction is : $3C4$567(a2) 8 3 #a$C63(s) 9 3 C6((%) 8 3 $(6(l) 8 #a3C4$567(a2) -& '+R',SE To study chan%es in temperature associated with chemical reaction: and to learn to identi!y process as endothermic /ased on the temperature chan%e. .& M /ERI )S a. citric acid solution $3C4$567(a2) /. /akin% soda #a$C63(s) c. ,) mL pipet and pump d. /alance e. i%nition tu/e 4& 'R,CE*+RE a. 6/tain and wear %o%%les 'art I Citric cid plus Ba0in" Soda /. &ipet out ,)mL o! citric acid solution into an i%nition tu/e (lar%e test tu/e) and then place the i%nition tu/e in a rin% stand with a clamp . &lace the termometer into the citric acid solution : and record the initial temperature (t,) c. Wei%ht out 3.))) % o! solid /akin% soda on a piece o! wei%hin% paper. d. Add the /akin% soda to the citric acid solution : while lea1in% the thermometer in place . ;ently stir the solution with a stir rod (#6T the thermometer) to ensure %ood mixin% . <on=t worry i! the reaction !oams o1er and out o! the test tu/e . When the reaction /e%in to slow : remo1e the termometer and record the new temperature (t() e. <ispose o! the reaction product down the sink at your la/ station : usin% lots o! water. 1& ,BSER2 /I,! !* * / There are some chemical chan%es happened durin% the reaction o! citric acid and /akin% soda. The chemical chan%es that can /e looked are : a. Color chan%e (color chan%e happen when there is /u/le) /. There is /u//le (when /akin% soda is entered into citric acid solution. c. Temperatur chan%e (/ecome lower)

Temperature Final 0nitial 4& C )C+) /I,!S

&art , (> 3C 3) 3C

0n chemistry and math: the si%n ? means @chan%eA. When calculatin% chan%e: the initial condition is always su/tracted !rom the !inal condition. 0t is expected that you may %et a ne%ati1e answer. <o not chan%e the si%n !rom ne%ati1e to positi1e. ? B Final C 0nitial /emperature chan"e in reaction $et5een citric acid solution and $a0in" soda is : 6/ 7 /89inal: ; /8Initial: 6/ 7 -< 3C ; .= 3C 6/ 7 ( - 3C !S>ER 9R,M *ISC+SSI,! The reaction /etween citric acid solution and /akin% soda is included into endothermic reaction. At endothermic reaction: happened: heat mo1in% !rom en1iroment to system. 0t can /e marked: at that reaction: needed heat (a/sor/ or recei1e heat). The details are $eat mo1e !rom en1iroment to system. 0n endothermic reaction the 1alue o! ?$ ($product + $reactant) is always positi1e (8).
&roduct
Reactant

7&

?$ B $product + $reactant D )

nt The enthalpy o! system increase The en1iroment temperature decrease /89inal: E /8Initial:

<& E!/? )'@ 'R,9I)E $product 3 C6((%) 8 3 $(6(l) 8 #a3C4$567(a2) ?$ B 8 x kFGmol

$reactant

$3C4$567(a2) 8 3 #a$C63(s)

$3C4$567(a2) 8 3 #a$C63(s) 9 3 C6((%) 8 3 $(6(l) 8 #a3C4$567(a2) H ?$ B 8 x kFGmol !ote : System )imitation $et5een en%iroment and system En%iroment : citric acid and $a0in" soda : test A i"nition tu$e : the air surroundin"s

cti%ity Exothermic Reaction

1& 'RE() B *ISC+SSI,! -any chemical reaction is connected with ener%y. Chemical reactions that release ener%y are called exothermic reaction. Acti1ity two is shown reaction /etween ma%nesium metal and hydrochloric acid. The e2uation !or the reaction is : -%(s) 8 ( $Cl(a2) 9 $((%) 8 -%Cl((a2) -& '+R',SE To study chan%es in temperature associated with chemical reaction: and to learn to identi!y process as exothermic /ased on the temperature chan%e. .& M /ERI )S a. ma%nesium metal -%(s) /. $ydrochloric acid solution $Cl(a2) c. ,) mL pipet and pump d. /alance e. i%nition tu/e 4& 'R,CE*+RE a. -easure out ,) mL o! $Cl solution into a clean i%nition tu/e (lar%e test tu/e). &lace the thermometer into the $Cl solution and record the temperature(t,) /. 6/tain a piece o! ma%nesium metal !rom your instructor. c. Add the ma%nesium ri//on to the $Cl solution while lea1in% the termometer in place. ;ently stir the solution with a stir rod to ensure %ood mixin%. Caution: <o not /reathe the 1apors. When the reaction is nearly complete: remo1e the thermometer and record the new temperature (t(). d. <ispose o! down the sink with lots o! water. Any unreacted ma%nesium should /e returned to your instructor. Thorou%hly wash /oth test tu/es and return them to your drawer. Wipe down your la/ counter with a cloth towel. 1& ,BSER2 /I,! !* * / There are some chemical chan%es happened durin% the reaction o! ma%nesium and hydrochloric acid. The chemical chan%es that can /e looked are : a. Color chan%e (color chan%e happen when there is /u/le) /. There is /u//le (when ma%nesium is entered $Cl solution) c. Temperatur chan%e (/ecome hi%her) Temperature Final 0nitial &art ( I, 3C (* 3C

4& C )C+) /I,!S 0n chemistry and math: the si%n ? means @chan%eA. When calculatin% chan%e: the initial condition is always su/tracted !rom the !inal condition. ? B Final C 0nitial /emperature chan"e in reaction $et5een ma"nesium and hydrochloric acid is : 6/ 7 /89inal: ; /8Initial: 6/ 7 41 3C ; -B 3C

6/ 7 1- 3C !S>ER 9R,M *ISC+SSI,! The reaction /etween ma%nesium and hydrochloric acid is included into exothermic reaction. At exothermic reaction: happened: heat mo1in% !rom system to en1iroment. 0t can /e marked: at that reaction: released heat (produce). The details are $eat mo1e !rom system to en1iroment 0n exothermic reaction the 1alue o! ?$ ($product + $reactant) is always ne%ati1e (+).
Reactant product

7&

?$ B $product + $reactant E )

The enthalpy o! system decrease The en1iroment temperature increase /89inal: D /8Initial:

<& E!/? )'@ 'R,9I)E $reactant -%(s) 8 ( $Cl(a2) ?$ B + x kFGmol

$product

$((%) 8 -%Cl((a2)

-%(s) 8 ( $Cl(a2) 9 $((%) 8 -%Cl((a2) H ?$ B + x kFGmol #ote : System )imitation $et5een en%iroment and system En%iroment : Ma"nesium and hydrochloric acid : test A i"nition tu$e : the air surroundin"s

S@S/EM !* E!2IR,ME!/ Jased on the limitation /etween system and en1iroment: system are distin%uished into isolated systemC closed system: and opened system. An isolated system is a system the heat exchan%e and trans!er o! matter /etween system and en1iroment which are not possi/le to occur. A closed system is a system the heat exchan%e /etween system and en1iroment in which is possi/le occur: /ut in the system the trans!er o! matter does not occur. An opened system is a system the heat exchan%e and trans!er o! matter /etween system and en1iroment which are possi/le to occur. In this termochemistry experimentC 5e use opened system& Trans!er ener%y /etween system and en1iroment as heat (q) or work (w). 6ne kind that o!ten !ollow chemical reaction is pressure and 1olume (decrease or increase).