Chapter 4.

Verstehen The legalization of same sex marriage in the state of New York and the increase in number of those who support such action can be understood with the concept of Verstehen. Creation of unity Acceptance

Understanding History

There is a high number of first year college dropout nationwide in the US.
n a sur!ey conducted by the "# Census $ureau% findings suggest that the "# had about &' percent of the population who graduated high school and only () percent had a bachelor*s degree +eficit in the preparation and readiness of freshmen attending college and a real disconnect in their ability to connect to college in such a way that they feel they belong to it. Ideal Type The use of perfectly ,modern, society. The term ,modern, is used as an ideal type in certain theories to make large-scale points. .owe!er% it is used to as a standard of comparison to enables us to see aspects of the real world in a clearer% more systematic way. Disenchantment n the /0th century% western societies bear a serious transformation. The history of the 1est has been shaped by a centuries-long process of rationalizing and 2intellectualizing3% which has been send abo!e all by the pride of modern science. a !ery specific form of 2progress34 impro!ement in the sense of the 2progressi!e technical rationality of means3

Catholicism 5ax 1eber6s thought of Catholicism was far from realistic. .e affirm that polytheism and the Catholic cult a form of magic% and that both constituted a sur!i!al of% if not indeed a return to% primiti!e modes of thought and action was a form of Catholic theology The di!ine awareness of 7esus appeared to 1eber as merely a case of self-induced belief in the custody of magical efficiency. Capitalism n an Agricultural entrepreneur they would offer high wage in order that the laborers will see more time spent har!esting as more !aluable and will engage longer. .owe!er% in a precapitalist society the result is that laborers would not spend more time har!esting because they belie!e that it would be the same wage while spending less time and more leisure. 2.eroic 8ntrepreneur3 order9capitalism: and; where they could not be establish new economic

According to 1eber Capitalism could be di!orced by religion because entrepreneurs in his era are passionate capitalist against the church or maybe indifferent in order that a manner of life well adapted to the peculiarities of the capitalist could come to dominate others% Predestination and Bureaucracy 1eber apply his theory in predestination and bureaucracy in a way that The <rotestant sect called Cal!inism 9named for its founder% theologian 7ohn Cal!in: championed the theory of predestination predestination is a belief that =od has already decided who goes to hea!en and who goes to hell% and nothing you do in this life% for good or e!il% will impact this di!ine decision. Cal!inists opted to try to please =od in their lifetime. embracing the !alues of good old-fashioned hard work the accumulation of money. 1hereas 5arx belie!ed that economics moti!ated human thought% 1eber belie!ed the opposite that human ideas brought about particular economic systems. And while 5arx spoke of class struggles and ultimately class warfare% the word 1eber used to describe the di!ision of societies was stratification.

Bureaucracy Addressed the rise of bureaucracies in 8urope 1eber thought they were the ideal organizing principle in the new industrial societies of 8urope. <redictability of a routine% the structural hierarchy% belie!ing that bureaucracies would ultimately le!el the playing field between the classes. TRADITION Patriarchs and their households
1eber deri!es the traditional domination from patriarchs and their households - in other words% from the ancient tradition of family 9the authority of a master o!er his household:. rules of inheritance the willingness of the group members to respect authority.

Patrimonialism
<atrimonial go!ernment occurs when the ruler6s household expands with the household administration gi!ing rise to go!ernmental offices. All officials are personal dependents or fa!ourites of the ruler% appointed by him. Their interactions with the ruler are based on paternal authority and filial dependence. The ruler has complete control o!er the officials >ne of the best examples of almost pure type of patrimonialism is Ancient 8gypt% where the population was entirely dependent upon the control of the waterways 9Nile ?i!er:. the creation of centralised go!ernment

1hen the royal household re@uired it% the indi!idual had to force to perform the public duties

RATIONA IT! 8conomics

Aor example% of a rational allocation of resources% or of a rational corporate strategy. Aor such ,rationality,% the decision maker6s goals are taken as part of the model% and not made subBect to criticism% ethical or otherwise.

Arti"icial Intelligence 1ithin artificial intelligence% a rational agent is one that maximizes its expected utility% gi!en its current knowledge. "tility is the usefulness of the conse@uences of its actions.

A#C$TICI#% ?eligious moti!ation #elf-discipline and abstinence in some form and degree are parts of religious practice within many religious and spiritual traditions. Associated particularly with monks% yogis or priests% but any indi!idual may choose to lead an ascetic life 5any of these men left their families% possessions% and homes to li!e a mendicant life% and in the eyes of their followers demonstrated great spiritual attainment on enlightenment. Hinduism
There are se!eral terms for ascetics in .indu scriptures% amongst one is #adhu. #adhus are known for the extreme forms of self-denial they occasionally practice. These include extreme acts of de!otion to a deity or principle% such as !owing ne!er to use one leg or the other or to hold an arm in the air for a period of months or years.