Training Manual

DYNAMICS 8.1

Module 2

Modal Analysis

Module 2

Modal Analysis

Training Manual

July 22, 2004Inventory # July 22, 2004Inventory # July 22, 2004Inventory #

DYNAMICS 8.1

Modal Analysis

A. Definition & Purpose

Training Manual

DYNAMICS 8.1

Natural frequencies Mode shapes Mode participation factors (how much a given mode participates in a given direction)

July 22, 2004Inventory # July 22, 2004Inventory # July 22, 2004Inventory #

Modal Analysis

Definition & Purpose

Training Manual

DYNAMICS 8.1

Recommendation: Because a structures vibration characteristics determine how it responds to any type of dynamic load always perform a modal analysis first before trying any other dynamic analysis!

July 22, 2004Inventory # July 22, 2004Inventory # July 22, 2004Inventory #

Modal Analysis

B. Terminology & oncepts

Training Manual

DYNAMICS 8.1

} + [ C]{ u } + [ K ]{ u} = { F( t )} [ M]{ u
} + [ K ]{ u} = { 0} [ M ]{ u

u = U sin(t )

([ K ] [ M] ){ u} = {0}
2

July 22, 2004Inventory # July 22, 2004Inventory # July 22, 2004Inventory #

Modal Analysis

Terminology & oncepts

Training Manual

July 22, 2004Inventory # July 22, 2004Inventory # July 22, 2004Inventory #

DYNAMICS 8.1

Modal Analysis

Terminology & oncepts !cont."

Training Manual

July 22, 2004Inventory # July 22, 2004Inventory # July 22, 2004Inventory #

DYNAMICS 8.1

Modal Analysis # Terminology & oncepts

Mode $%traction Met&ods

Bloc" #anc$os (default) %ubspace &ower'ynamics (educed )nsymmetric 'amped (full) *( 'amped

Training Manual

July 22, 2004Inventory # July 22, 2004Inventory # July 22, 2004Inventory #

DYNAMICS 8.1

Modal Analysis # Terminology & oncepts

Mode $%traction Met&ods # Bloc' (anc)os

+fficient e,traction of large number of modes (-./) in most models 0ypically used in comple, models with mi,ture of solids1shells1beams etc! +fficient e,traction of modes in a frequency range 2andles rigid3body modes well

Training Manual

July 22, 2004Inventory # July 22, 2004Inventory # July 22, 2004Inventory #

DYNAMICS 8.1

Modal Analysis # Terminology & oncepts

Mode $%traction Met&ods # *ubspace

(equires relatively less memory but large dis"space May have convergence problems when rigid body modes are present! Not recommended when constraint equations are present! 4enerally superseded by Bloc" #anc$os

Training Manual

July 22, 2004Inventory # July 22, 2004Inventory # July 22, 2004Inventory #

DYNAMICS 8.1

Modal Analysis # Terminology & oncepts

Mode $%traction Met&ods # Po+erDynamics

(equires large amount of memory! May not converge with poorly shaped elements or an ill3 conditioned matri,! May miss modes (No %turm sequence chec") (ecommended only as a last resort for large models!

Training Manual

July 22, 2004Inventory # July 22, 2004Inventory # July 22, 2004Inventory #

DYNAMICS 8.1

Modal Analysis # Terminology & oncepts

Mode $%traction Met&ods # Reduced

Training Manual

DYNAMICS 8.1

Memory and dis" requirements are low! 5n general fastest eigen solver +mploys matri% reduction, a technique to reduce the si$e of 678 and 6M8 by selecting a subset of '9: called master '9:! (eduction of 678 is e,act but 6M8 loses some accuracy Accuracy of 6M8 depends on number and location of master '9:! 4enerally not recommended due to +,pertise required in pic"ing master '9: +fficient alternatives such as Bloc" #anc$os reduced cost of hardware

July 22, 2004Inventory # July 22, 2004Inventory # July 22, 2004Inventory #

Modal Analysis # Terminology & oncepts

Mode $%traction Met&ods # -nsymmetric

Training Manual

DYNAMICS 8.1

;alculates comple, eigenvalues and eigenvectors< (eal part is the natural frequency! 5maginary part indicates stability 3 negative means stable positive means unstable!

July 22, 2004Inventory # July 22, 2004Inventory # July 22, 2004Inventory #

Modal Analysis # Terminology & oncepts

Mode $%traction Met&ods # Damped

Training Manual

DYNAMICS 8.1

0ypical application is rotor dynamics where gyroscopic damping effects are important! 0wo AN%=% elements B+AM- and &5&+>? allow gyroscopic effects to be specified in the form of real constant %&5N (rotational speed radians1time)! ;alculates comple, eigenvalues and eigenvectors< 5maginary part is the natural frequency! (eal part indicates stability 3 negative means stable positive means unstable!

July 22, 2004Inventory # July 22, 2004Inventory # July 22, 2004Inventory #

Modal Analysis # Terminology &

oncepts
Training Manual

Mode $%traction Met&ods # .#R damped

DYNAMICS 8.1

:aster and more stable than the e,isting 'amped %olver @or"s with poorly conditioned models All forms of damping allowed including damper elements ;ombines the best features of the real eigensolution method (Bloc" #anc$os) and the ;omple, 2essenberg method (*( Algorithm) 9utputs comple, eigenvalues ( frequency and stability) and damping ratio of each mode %upports the use of a material dependent damping ratio 6M& 'M&(8 in a subsequent mode superposition harmonic analysis

July 22, 2004Inventory # July 22, 2004Inventory # July 22, 2004Inventory #

Modal Analysis # Terminology & oncepts

Mode $%traction Met&ods # .#R damped

Training Manual

DYNAMICS 8.1

M9'9&0 *('AM& NM9'+

July 22, 2004Inventory # July 22, 2004Inventory # July 22, 2004Inventory #

Modal Analysis # Terminology & oncepts

Mode $%traction Met&ods # .#R damped

Training Manual

DYNAMICS 8.1

;omparison 'emonstrating the %uperior %olution &erformance of the *( 'amped Mode +,traction Method
:+A Model ;haracteristics< >>> >2A active dofs >. damped modes Alpha Beta and +lement damping
160000 140000 120000 100000 80000 60000 40000 20000 0 QRDAMP DAMP CPU (sec) ELAPSE (sec)

July 22, 2004Inventory # July 22, 2004Inventory # July 22, 2004Inventory #

Modal Analysis # Terminology & oncepts

*ummary for symmetric, undamped sol/ers

+,traction method Bloc" #anc$os %ubspace #inear %olver )sed Sparse Matrix (r "ta% S %)er (emar"s

Training Manual

DYNAMICS 8.1

&owerdynamics

PC3 s %)er

(educed

(r "ta% S %)er

Rec !!e"#e# $ r ! st app%icati "s& M st sta'%e& Sta'%e '*t s% +& Re,*ires %ar-e #is. space& /as #i$$ic*%t0 +it1 c "strai"t e,*ati "s 2 ri-i# ' #0 ! #es Sa!e as s*'space '*t +it1 PC3 s %)er& Ca" 1a"#%e )er0 %ar-e ! #e%s& L*!pe# !ass "%0& Ma0 !iss ! #es& M #es ca"" t 'e *se# i" s*'se,*e"t spectr*! a"# PSD a"a%0ses 4" -e"era% $astest& Acc*rac0 #epe"#s " Master D5( se%ecti "& Li!itati "s si!i%ar t S*'space& 6 t rec !!e"#e# #*e t expertise re,*ire# i" se%ecti"- Master D5(7

July 22, 2004Inventory # July 22, 2004Inventory # July 22, 2004Inventory #

Modal Analysis

. Procedure

Training Manual

DYNAMICS 8.1

July 22, 2004Inventory # July 22, 2004Inventory # July 22, 2004Inventory #

Modal Analysis Procedure

Build t&e Model

Training Manual

July 22, 2004Inventory # July 22, 2004Inventory # July 22, 2004Inventory #

DYNAMICS 8.1

Modal Analysis Procedure

&oose Analysis Type & 0ptions

Build the model

Training Manual

DYNAMICS 8.1

B'iscussed ne,t

July 22, 2004Inventory # July 22, 2004Inventory # July 22, 2004Inventory #

Modal Analysis Procedure

&oose Analysis Type & 0ptions

Training Manual

DYNAMICS 8.1

Mode e,traction options Met&od: Bloc" #anc$os recommended for most applications! 1umber of modes: Must be specified (e,cept (educed method)! 2re3uency range: 'efaults to entire range but can be limited to a desired range (:(+*B to :(+*+)! *pecification of a fre3uency range re3uires additional factori)ations and it is typically faster to simply re3uest a number of modes +&ic& +ill o/erlap t&e desired range. 1ormali)ation: 'iscussed ne,t!

defaults to >eC

July 22, 2004Inventory # July 22, 2004Inventory # July 22, 2004Inventory #

Modal Analysis Procedure

&oose Analysis Type & 0ptions

Training Manual

DYNAMICS 8.1

Normali$ation to mass matri, is the default and is required for a spectrum analysis or if a subsequent mode superposition analysis is planned! ;hoose normali$ation to unity when you want to easily compare relative values of displacements throughout the structure! Modes normali$ed to unity cannot be used in subsequent mode superposition analyses (transient harmonic spectrum or random vibration)

July 22, 2004Inventory # July 22, 2004Inventory # July 22, 2004Inventory #

Modal Analysis Procedure

&oose Analysis Type & 0ptions

2ave element stresses calculated! 'o a subsequent spectrum or mode superposition analysis!

Training Manual

July 22, 2004Inventory # July 22, 2004Inventory # July 22, 2004Inventory #

DYNAMICS 8.1

Modal Analysis Procedure

&oose Analysis Type & 0ptions

Training Manual

July 22, 2004Inventory # July 22, 2004Inventory # July 22, 2004Inventory #

DYNAMICS 8.1

Modal Analysis Procedure

&oose Analysis Type & 0ptions

Mainly used for slender beams and thin shells or for wave propagation problems! Automatically chosen for &ower'ynamics method! :or &re3stressed modal analysis (discussed later)!

Training Manual

DYNAMICS 8.1

)sed only if 'amped mode e,traction method is chosen! 'amping ratio alpha damping and beta damping are allowed! B+AM- and &5&+>? also allow gyroscopic damping! All types of damping are allowed!

July 22, 2004Inventory # July 22, 2004Inventory # July 22, 2004Inventory #

Modal Analysis Procedure

Apply B 4s and *ol/e

Build the model ;hoose analysis type and options

Training Manual

July 22, 2004Inventory # July 22, 2004Inventory # July 22, 2004Inventory #

DYNAMICS 8.1

Modal Analysis Procedure

Apply B 4s and *ol/e

Training Manual

July 22, 2004Inventory # July 22, 2004Inventory # July 22, 2004Inventory #

DYNAMICS 8.1

Modal Analysis Procedure

... Apply B 4s and *ol/e

Training Manual

DYNAMICS 8.1

:ull Model

%ymmetry B;

Anti3%ymmetry B;

July 22, 2004Inventory # July 22, 2004Inventory # July 22, 2004Inventory #

Modal Analysis Procedure

Apply B 4s and *ol/e

Training Manual

DYNAMICS 8.1

:or the plate3with3hole model the lowest non3$ero mode for the full and the quarter3symmetry case is shown below! 0he DE32$ mode was missed by the anti3symmetry case because (90F is non3$ero along the symmetry boundaries!

July 22, 2004Inventory # July 22, 2004Inventory # July 22, 2004Inventory #

Modal Analysis Procedure

Apply B 4s and *ol/e

Training Manual

July 22, 2004Inventory # July 22, 2004Inventory # July 22, 2004Inventory #

DYNAMICS 8.1

Modal Analysis Procedure

Re/ie+ Results
Build the model ;hoose analysis type and options Apply boundary conditions and solve

Training Manual

DYNAMICS 8.1

July 22, 2004Inventory # July 22, 2004Inventory # July 22, 2004Inventory #

Modal Analysis Procedure

Re/ie+ Results

Training Manual

July 22, 2004Inventory # July 22, 2004Inventory # July 22, 2004Inventory #

DYNAMICS 8.1

Modal Analysis Procedure

Re/ie+ Results

Training Manual

July 22, 2004Inventory # July 22, 2004Inventory # July 22, 2004Inventory #

DYNAMICS 8.1

Modal Analysis Procedure

Re/ie+ Results

Training Manual

July 22, 2004Inventory # July 22, 2004Inventory # July 22, 2004Inventory #

DYNAMICS 8.1

Modal Analysis Procedure

Re/ie+ Results

Training Manual

July 22, 2004Inventory # July 22, 2004Inventory # July 22, 2004Inventory #

DYNAMICS 8.1

Modal Analysis Procedure

Re/ie+ Results

Training Manual

DYNAMICS 8.1

Modal stresses< Available if element stress calculation is activated when choosing analysis options! %tress values have no real meaning however these can be used to highlight hot spots 5f mode shapes are normali$ed to unity you can compare stresses at different points for a given mode shape

July 22, 2004Inventory # July 22, 2004Inventory # July 22, 2004Inventory #

Modal Analysis Procedure

Re/ie+ Results

Training Manual

DYNAMICS 8.1

Mode shapes normali$ed to unity

July 22, 2004Inventory # July 22, 2004Inventory # July 22, 2004Inventory #

Modal Analysis

Procedure

Training Manual

July 22, 2004Inventory # July 22, 2004Inventory # July 22, 2004Inventory #

DYNAMICS 8.1

D. 5or's&op # Modal Analysis

Training Manual

DYNAMICS 8.1

A step3by3step description of how to do the analysis! =ou may choose to run this problem yourself or your instructor may show it as a demonstration! :ollow the instructions in your Dynamics 5or's&op supplement ( 5*2: Modal Analysis # Plate +it& a 6ole, Page 5*#78 )! 0his is left as an e,ercise to you! :ollow the instructions in your Dynamics 5or's&op supplement ( 5*9: Modal Analysis # Model Airplane 5ing, Page 5*#29 )!

July 22, 2004Inventory # July 22, 2004Inventory # July 22, 2004Inventory #