Problem

clear all;

no 2 ,

Case

when dz=50 m

L=40000; dz=50;lambda=1.55*10^(-6); %given data n=10^(-6); %this is the difference in the refractive indices of %the slow and fast axes of the fibre Num=L/dz; %number of partitions of length dz into which %the fibre is broken k=2*pi/lambda; %free space wave number for the given lambda theta=k*n*dz/2 W=[exp(-j*theta) 0 0 exp(j*theta)]; %propagation matrix when the wave travels a %distance dz.since we consider a linear %homogenous fibre, this matrix remains the %same for all the N segments of lenth dz. psi=pi/4+(pi/12)*randn(1,Num); %psi is the positive angle measured between %the X-axis(or Y-axis) of the lab frame of %reference and the X-axis (or Y-axis) of %the crystal frame of reference. the value of %psi is not constant but is normally distributed %with mean pi/4 and variance pi/2 in this case.

for m=1:Num R1= [cos(psi(1,m)) sin(psi(1,m)) -sin(psi(1,m)) cos(psi(1,m))] ; %this matrix defines the rotation of the %coordinate system R(psi)

R2=

[cos(psi(1,m)) -sin(psi(1,m)) sin(psi(1,m)) cos(psi(1,m))]; reverses the if m==1

%this is equivalent to R(-psi). this %effect of rotation given by R(psi)

T=R2*W*R1; product of else T=T*R1*W*R2; end end

%T is an intermediate matrix to store the %the matrix multiplication.

V1=.7071* [1;1]; V2=[1;0]; V3=[0;1]; %the above are initial Jones vectors V1L=T*V1 Power1=abs(V1L); Power1(1,1)=Power1(1,1)*Power1(1,1); V2L=T*V2 Power2=abs(V2L); Power2(1,1)=Power2(1,1)*Power2(1,1); V3L=T*V3 Power3=abs(V3L); Power3(1,1)=Power3(1,1)*Power3(1,1);

at z=0 as given in the problem Power1(2,1)=Power1(2,1)*Power1(2,1) Power2(2,1)=Power2(2,1)*Power2(2,1) Power3(2,1)=Power3(2,1)*Power3(2,1)

%V1L, V2L and V3L are the Jones vectors after propagating the distance L in the fibre %in this case L=40km. abs(V) gives the absolute value of the Jones vectors, and %Power2 and Power3 give the power in the x and y modes.

V1L = 0.2251 - 0.0830i 0.6313 - 0.7375i Power1 = 0.0576 0.9424 V2L = 0.6056 + 0.4628i 0.2872 - 0.5802i Power2 = 0.5809 0.4191 V3L = -0.2872 - 0.5802i 0.6056 - 0.4628i Power3 = 0.4191,0.5809

theta = 101.3417 V1L = 0.4201 - 0.3427i 0.6746 - 0.5010i Power1 = 0.2939 0.7061 V2L = 0.7741 + 0.1120i 0.1800 - 0.5966i Power2 = 0.6117 0.3883 V3L = -0.1800 - 0.5966i 0.7741 - 0.1120i Power3 = 0.3883 0.6117 theta = 101.3417 V1L = 0.2862 - 0.1317i -0.6396 + 0.7012i Power1 = 0.0992 0.9007 V2L = -0.2499 - 0.5889i -0.6546 + 0.4027i Power2 = 0.4093 0.5907 V3L = 0.6546 + 0.4027i -0.2499 + 0.5889i Power3 = 0.5907, 0.4093

theta = 101.3417 V1L = -0.8274 - 0.3963i -0.1887 - 0.3504i Power1 = 0.8416 0.1584 V2L = -0.7185 - 0.0325i 0.4516 - 0.5280i Power2 = 0.5173 0.4827 V3L = -0.4516 - 0.5280i -0.7185 + 0.0325i Power3 = 0.4827 0.5173 theta = 101.3417 V1L = 0.6983 + 0.5523i 0.2350 - 0.3901i Power1 = 0.7926 0.2074 V2L = 0.6599 + 0.6664i -0.3276 + 0.1147i Power2 = 0.8795 0.1205 V3L = 0.3276 + 0.1147i 0.6599 - 0.6664i Power3 = 0.1205

Case 2 when
clear all;

dz= 100m

L=40000; dz=100;lambda=1.55*10^(-6); %given data here we ahve taken dz =100 n=10^(-6); %this is the difference in the refractive indices of %the slow and fast axes of the fibre Num=L/dz; %number of partitions of length dz into which %the fibre is broken k=2*pi/lambda; %free space wave number for the given lambda theta=k*n*dz/2 W=[exp(-j*theta) 0 0 exp(j*theta)]; %propagation matrix when the wave travels a %distance dz.since we consider a linear %homogenous fibre, this matrix remains the %same for all the N segments of lenth dz. psi=pi/4+(pi/12)*randn(1,Num); %psi is the positive angle measured between %the X-axis(or Y-axis) of the lab frame of %reference and the X-axis (or Y-axis) of %the crystal frame of reference. the value of %psi is not constant but is normally distributed %with mean pi/4 and variance pi/2 in this case.

for m=1:Num R1= [cos(psi(1,m)) sin(psi(1,m)) -sin(psi(1,m)) cos(psi(1,m))] ; %this matrix defines the rotation of the %coordinate system R(psi)

R2=

[cos(psi(1,m)) -sin(psi(1,m)) sin(psi(1,m)) cos(psi(1,m))]; reverses the if m==1 T=R2*W*R1; product of else T=T*R1*W*R2; end end

%this is equivalent to R(-psi). this %effect of rotation given by R(psi)

%T is an intermediate matrix to store the %the matrix multiplication.

V1=.7071* [1;1]; V2=[1;0]; V3=[0;1]; %the above are initial Jones vectors at z=0 as given in the problem V1L=T*V1 Power1=abs(V1L);

Power1(1,1)=Power1(1,1)*Power1(1,1); Power1(2,1)=Power1(2,1)*Power1(2,1) V2L=T*V2 Power2=abs(V2L); Power2(1,1)=Power2(1,1)*Power2(1,1); Power2(2,1)=Power2(2,1)*Power2(2,1) V3L=T*V3 Power3=abs(V3L); Power3(1,1)=Power3(1,1)*Power3(1,1); Power3(2,1)=Power3(2,1)*Power3(2,1) %V1L, V2L and V3L are the Jones vectors after propagating the distance L in the fibre %in this case L=40km. abs(V) gives the absolute value of the Jones vectors, and %Power2 and Power3 give the power in the x and y modes.

Case 3 when
clear all;

dz =200m

L=40000; dz=200;lambda=1.55*10^(-6); %given data n=10^(-6); %this is the difference in the refractive indices of %the slow and fast axes of the fibre Num=L/dz; %number of partitions of length dz into which %the fibre is broken k=2*pi/lambda; %free space wave number for the given lambda theta=k*n*dz/2 W=[exp(-j*theta) 0 0 exp(j*theta)]; %propagation matrix when the wave travels a %distance dz.since we consider a linear %homogenous fibre, this matrix remains the %same for all the N segments of lenth dz. psi=pi/4+(pi/12)*randn(1,Num); %psi is the positive angle measured between %the X-axis(or Y-axis) of the lab frame of %reference and the X-axis (or Y-axis) of %the crystal frame of reference. the value of %psi is not constant but is normally distributed %with mean pi/4 and variance pi/2 in this case.

for m=1:Num R1= [cos(psi(1,m)) sin(psi(1,m)) -sin(psi(1,m)) cos(psi(1,m))] ; %this matrix defines the rotation of the %coordinate system R(psi)

R2=

[cos(psi(1,m)) -sin(psi(1,m)) sin(psi(1,m)) cos(psi(1,m))]; reverses the if m==1 T=R2*W*R1; product of else T=T*R1*W*R2; end end

%this is equivalent to R(-psi). this %effect of rotation given by R(psi)

%T is an intermediate matrix to store the %the matrix multiplication.

V1=.7071* [1;1]; V2=[1;0]; V3=[0;1]; %the above are initial Jones vectors at z=0 as given in the problem V1L=T*V1 Power1=abs(V1L);

Power1(1,1)=Power1(1,1)*Power1(1,1); Power1(2,1)=Power1(2,1)*Power1(2,1) V2L=T*V2 Power2=abs(V2L); Power2(1,1)=Power2(1,1)*Power2(1,1); Power2(2,1)=Power2(2,1)*Power2(2,1) V3L=T*V3 Power3=abs(V3L); Power3(1,1)=Power3(1,1)*Power3(1,1); Power3(2,1)=Power3(2,1)*Power3(2,1) %V1L, V2L and V3L are the Jones vectors after propagating the distance L in the fibre %in this case L=40km. abs(V) gives the absolute value of the Jones vectors, and %Power2 and Power3 give the power in the x and y modes.

Case 4
clear all;

when

variance = pi/6

L=40000; dz=50;lambda=1.55*10^(-6); %given data n=10^(-6); %this is the difference in the refractive indices of %the slow and fast axes of the fibre Num=L/dz; %number of partitions of length dz into which %the fibre is broken k=2*pi/lambda; %free space wave number for the given lambda theta=k*n*dz/2 W=[exp(-j*theta) 0 0 exp(j*theta)]; %propagation matrix when the wave travels a %distance dz.since we consider a linear %homogenous fibre, this matrix remains the %same for all the N segments of lenth dz. psi=pi/4+(pi/6)*randn(1,Num); %psi is the positive angle measured between %the X-axis(or Y-axis) of the lab frame of %reference and the X-axis (or Y-axis) of %the crystal frame of reference. the value of %psi is not constant but is normally distributed %with mean pi/4 and variance pi/6 in this case.

for m=1:Num R1= [cos(psi(1,m)) sin(psi(1,m)) -sin(psi(1,m)) cos(psi(1,m))] ; %this matrix defines the rotation of the

%coordinate system R(psi) R2= [cos(psi(1,m)) -sin(psi(1,m)) sin(psi(1,m)) cos(psi(1,m))]; reverses the if m==1 T=R2*W*R1; product of else T=T*R1*W*R2; end end V1=.7071* [1;1]; V2=[1;0]; V3=[0;1]; %the above are initial Jones vectors V1L=T*V1 Power1=abs(V1L); Power1(1,1)=Power1(1,1)*Power1(1,1); V2L=T*V2 Power2=abs(V2L); Power2(1,1)=Power2(1,1)*Power2(1,1); V3L=T*V3 Power3=abs(V3L); Power3(1,1)=Power3(1,1)*Power3(1,1);

%this is equivalent to R(-psi). this %effect of rotation given by R(psi)

%T is an intermediate matrix to store the %the matrix multiplication.

at z=0 as given in the problem Power1(2,1)=Power1(2,1)*Power1(2,1) Power2(2,1)=Power2(2,1)*Power2(2,1) Power3(2,1)=Power3(2,1)*Power3(2,1)

%V1L, V2L and V3L are the Jones vectors after propagating the distance L in the fibre %in this case L=40km. abs(V) gives the absolute value of the Jones vectors, and %Power2 and Power3 give the power in the x and y modes.

Problem

no 3(using 512 point

FFT)

clc clear all T=10*10^(-12); Samples=4096; t=linspace(-4*T,4*T,512); J=[1;0]; for i=1:512 x=t(i)*t(i); y=exp(-x/(T*T)); g(i)=y;

%time period of pulse is 10ps %

end t=linspace(-4*T,4*T,Samples); G=abs(fft(g,Samples)); G1=fftshift(G); F=(6.4*10^12)*[-Samples/2:(Samples/2-1)]/Samples; J=J*G; L=40000; dz=100; n=10^(-6); N=L/dz; psi=pi/4+(pi/12)*randn(1,N); for i=-Samples/2:(Samples/2-1) k=(2*pi*i*6.4*10^12)/(Samples*3*10^8); theta=k*n*dz/2; W=[exp(-j*theta) 0 0 exp(j*theta)]; for m=1:400 R1= [cos(psi(1,m)) sin(psi(1,m)) -sin(psi(1,m)) cos(psi(1,m))] ;

R2=

[cos(psi(1,m)) -sin(psi(1,m)) sin(psi(1,m)) cos(psi(1,m))]; if m==1 p=R2*W*R1 ; else p=p*R1*W*R2; end end Jx(1,1)=J(1,i+(Samples/2+1)); Jx(2,1)=J(2,i+(Samples/2+1)); a=p*Jx; V(1,i+(Samples/2+1))=a(1); V(2,i+(Samples/2+1))=a(2); end V; %Vi=ifft(V); for i=1:Samples Vx(i)=V(1,i);

Vy(i)=V(2,i); end Vxi=ifft(Vx,Samples); Vyi=ifft(Vy,Samples); for i=1:Samples int=Vxi(i)+Vyi(i); int=abs(int); I(i)=int*int; q=Vxi(i)*Vxi(i)+Vyi(i)*Vyi(i); q=sqrt(q); Q(i)=q; end t=linspace(-4*T,4*T,Samples); t1=linspace(-4*T,4*T,512); subplot(4,1,1) plot(t1,g) subplot(4,1,2) plot(t,Q) subplot(4,1,3) plot(t,I) subplot(4,1,4) plot(F,G1,'-.r*')