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Shell Scripting

Shell scripting

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sharmaisha0902
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114 views

Shell Scripting

Shell scripting

Uploaded by

sharmaisha0902
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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UNIX Shell-Scripting UNIX Shell-Scripting

With focus on bash


BINP14 Bjrn Canbck
Outline Outline

What is a shell? A shell script?

Introduction to bash

Running Commands
BINP14 Bjrn Canbck
What is a shell? What is a shell?
BINP14 Bjrn Canbck
A Unix shell is a command-line interpreter or shell that proides a
traditional !ser inter"ace "or the Unix operatin# s$stem and "or
Unix-like s$stems% Users direct the operation o" the comp!ter b$
enterin# commands as text "or a command line interpreter to
exec!te or b$ creatin# text scripts o" one or more s!ch commands%
&o!rce' http'((en%)ikipedia%or#()iki(Unix*shell
What is a shell? What is a shell?
Inp!t +&,-IN.
shell
o!tp!t +&,-/U,. error +&,-011.
Common Shells Common Shells

Bash (/bin/bash) Bourne again shell

C Shell (/bin/csh)

Turbo C Shell (/bin/tcsh)

orn Shell (/bin/!sh)


BINP14 Bjrn Canbck
What is bin ? What is bin ?

/bin

/usr/bin

/usr/local/bin

/home/bjorn/bin
BINP14 Bjrn Canbck
What is a shell script? What is a shell script?

A te"t file

With instructions

#"ecutable
BINP14 Bjrn Canbck
What is a Shell Script? What is a Shell Script?
% cat > hello.sh <<HERE
#!/bin/sh
echo 'Hello world!'
HERE
% chmod +x hello.sh
% ./hello.sh
Hello world!
What is a Shell Script? What is a Shell Script? A Text File A Text File
$ cat % hello&sh ''(#R#
)*/bin/sh
echo +(ello ,orld*+
(#R#
$ chmod -" hello&sh
$ &/hello&sh
(ello ,orld*
BINP14 Bjrn Canbck
What is a Shell Script? What is a Shell Script? o! To "un o! To "un
% cat > hello.sh <<HERE
#!/bin/sh
echo 'Hello world!'
HERE
$ chmod -" hello&sh
$ &/hello&sh
Hello world!
BINP14 Bjrn Canbck
What is a Shell Script? What is a Shell Script? What To #o What To #o
% cat > hello.sh <<HERE
#!/bin/sh
echo 'Hello world!'
HERE
% chmod +x hello.sh
% ./hello.sh
Hello world!
BINP14 Bjrn Canbck
What is a Shell Script? What is a Shell Script? $xecutable $xecutable
% cat > hello.sh <<HERE
#!/bin/sh
echo 'Hello world!'
HERE
% chmod +x hello.sh
% ./hello.sh
Hello world!
BINP14 Bjrn Canbck
What is a Shell Script? What is a Shell Script? "unning it "unning it
% cat > hello.sh <<HERE
#!/bin/sh
echo 'Hello world'
HERE
% chmod +x hello.sh
% ./hello.sh
(ello ,orld*
BINP14 Bjrn Canbck
Fin%ing the program& 'AT Fin%ing the program& 'AT

% ./hello.sh

% echo !"#H
/bin$/usr/bin$/usr/local/bin$
/home/bjorn/bin

% which echo
/usr/bin/echo
BINP14 Bjrn Canbck
(ariables an% the en)ironment (ariables an% the en)ironment
% hello.sh
bash$ hello.sh$ %ommand not &ound
% !"#H'(!"#H$.)
% hello.sh
Hello* world
BINP14 Bjrn Canbck
"e%irection "e%irection
echo he. % test&t"t
echo / he.0 %% test&t"t
#"pert users onl12
cat ' test&t"t
cat ''I345T
Some input
I345T
test&sh 6% m1#rror
te"t&sh% m1#rrorAnd7ut 6%89
BINP14 Bjrn Canbck
#"pert users onl12
error 2
inp!t 3
pro#ram
o!tp!t 1
*uoting *uoting
% echo '+,ER'
+,ER
% echo (+,ER)
bjorn
% echo +,ER
bjorn
% echo -)
)
% echo ->
>
BINP14 Bjrn Canbck
o! to learn o! to learn

man

man bash

man cat

man man

Learning the Bash Shell: 6


nd
#d&

/Bash Reference0 Cards


Continuing lines& + Continuing lines& +
% echo #his -
.s -
" -
/er0 -
1on2 -
%ommand 1ine
#his .s " /er0 1on2 %ommand 1ine
%
BINP14 Bjrn Canbck
,a-e .our /i0e $asier ,a-e .our /i0e $asier

TAB completion

Control-R

Control-S
'ipes 'ipes

;ots of ;ittle Tools


echo (Hello) 3 -
wc 4c
INPUT
echo
OUTPUT ERROR
0
1 2
INPUT
wc
OUTPUT ERROR
0
1 2
A Pipe!

4ollo)in# is onl$ i" $o! )ant to learn more
$xit status 1expert users2 $xit status 1expert users2

< is True
% ls /does/not/exist
% echo 5
6
% echo 5
7
BINP14 Bjrn Canbck
$xit status& 1expert users2 $xit status& 1expert users2
% cat > test.sh <<8#E,#8
exit 9
8#E,#8
% chmod +x test.sh
% ./test.sh
% echo 5
9
/ogic& test 1expert users2 /ogic& test 1expert users2
% test 6 4lt 67
% echo 5
7
% test 6 '' 67
% echo 5
6
/ogic& test 1expert users2 /ogic& test 1expert users2

test

: ;

: 6 <lt 67 ;

:: ;;

:: (this strin2) '= (this) ;;

>> ??

>> 6 < 67 ??
/ogic& test 1expert users2 /ogic& test 1expert users2

: 4& /etc/@asswd ;

: ! <& /etc/@asswd ;

: 4& /etc/@asswd <a <& /etc/shadow ;

: 4& /etc/@asswd <o <& /etc/shadow ;


An asi%e& An asi%e& >> ?? >> ?? 0or ,ath 1expert users2 0or ,ath 1expert users2
% echo >> 6 + A ??
9
% echo >> A B 9 ??
C
% echo >> 6 / 9 ??
7
/ogic& i0 1expert users2 /ogic& i0 1expert users2
i& something
then
$
# (eli&) a contraction o& (else i&)$
eli& something-else
then
$
else
then
$
&i
/ogic& i0 1expert users2 /ogic& i0 1expert users2
i& : +,ER <eD (borwicjh) ;
then
$
# (eli&) a contraction o& (else i&)$
eli& ls /etc/oratab
then
$
else
then
$
&i
/ogic& i0 1expert users2 /ogic& i0 1expert users2
# see i& a &ile exists
i& : 4e /etc/@asswd ;
then
echo (/etc/@asswd exists)
else
echo (/etc/@asswd not &ound!)
&i
/ogic& 0or 1expert users2 /ogic& 0or 1expert users2
&or i in 6 A 9
do
echo i
done
/ogic& 0or 1expert users2 /ogic& 0or 1expert users2
&or i in /B
do
echo (1istin2 i$)
ls 4l i
read
done
/ogic& 0or 1expert users2 /ogic& 0or 1expert users2
&or i in /B
do
echo (1istin2 i$)
ls 4l i
read
done
/ogic& 0or 1expert users2 /ogic& 0or 1expert users2
&or i in /B
do
echo (1istin2 i$)
ls 4l i
read
done
/ogic& C-st3le 0or 1expert users2 /ogic& C-st3le 0or 1expert users2
&or >> ex@r6 E
ex@rA E
ex@r9 ??
do
list
done
/ogic& C-st3le 0or 1expert users2 /ogic& C-st3le 0or 1expert users2
1.F.#'67
&or >> a'6 E
a<'1.F.# E
a++ ??
do
echo <n (a )
done
/ogic& !hile /ogic& !hile
while something
do
$
done
/ogic& !hile /ogic& !hile
a'7E 1.F.#'67
while : GaG 4lt G1.F.#G ;
do
echo 4n Ga )
a'>> a + 6 ??
done
Counters Counters
%H+I#ER'7
while : 4e (J.1E.%H+I#ER) ;
do
%H+I#ER'>> %H+I#ER + 6??
done

3ote2 race condition


"eusing Co%e& 4Sourcing5 "eusing Co%e& 4Sourcing5
% cat > /@ath/to/m0/@asswords <<8!K8
J#!8+,ER'(sct)
8!K8
% echo J#!8+,ER
% . /@ath/to/m0/@asswords
% echo J#!8+,ER
sct
%
(ariable ,anipulation (ariable ,anipulation
% J.1E!"#H'/@ath/to/m0/[email protected]
% echo J.1E!"#H
/@ath/to/m0/[email protected]
% echo LJ.1E!"#H%.lisM
/@ath/to/m0/out@ut
% echo LJ.1E!"#H#B/M
@ath/to/m0/[email protected]
% echo LJ.1E!"#H##B/M
[email protected]
"unning 'rograms "unning 'rograms
"easons 0or "unning 'rograms "easons 0or "unning 'rograms

Chec! Return Code

=et >ob 7utput

H+#!+#'Necho (Hello)N

H+#!+#'>echo (Hello)?

Send 7utput Some,here

Redirection2 <: >

4ipes
$mail Noti0ication $mail Noti0ication
% echo (Fessa2e) 3 -
mail <s (HereOs 0our messa2e) -
borwicjhPw&u.edu
#ates #ates
% Q"#E,#R.IR'Ndate +%S%m%dN
% echo Q"#E,#R.IR
A77C76AT
% man date
FT' the ar% Wa3 FT' the ar% Wa3
&t@ <n <u serUer.w&u.edu <<8J#!8
user username password
@ut J.1E
8J#!8
FT' !ith FT' !ith w2et w2et

w2et -
&t@$//[email protected]&u.edu/&ile

w2et <r -
&t@$//[email protected]&u.edu/dir/
FT' !ith FT' !ith curl curl
curl <# u@load4&ile -
4u username$@assword -
&t@$//serUer.w&u.edu/dir/&ile
Searching& Searching& &ind &ind
$ &ind /home/borwicjh -
4name VB.lisO
[all files matching *.lis]
% &ind /home/borwicjh -
4mtime 46 <name VB.lisO
[*.lis, if modified within 24h]
% man &ind

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