Scribd
Upload
46 views

Light Questions

Wave-particle duality means that light and other electromagnetic radiation can behave as either a wave or a particle depending on how it is observed. The photoelectric effect occurs when electromagnetic radiation hits a metal surface and emits electrons. Einstein's equation describes this effect by relating the maximum kinetic energy of the emitted electrons to the frequency of the radiation. It explains that photons of a certain minimum frequency are required to emit electrons from the metal surface.

Uploaded by

Sk Balan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
46 views

Light Questions

Wave-particle duality means that light and other electromagnetic radiation can behave as either a wave or a particle depending on how it is observed. The photoelectric effect occurs when electromagnetic radiation hits a metal surface and emits electrons. Einstein's equation describes this effect by relating the maximum kinetic energy of the emitted electrons to the frequency of the radiation. It explains that photons of a certain minimum frequency are required to emit electrons from the metal surface.

Uploaded by

Sk Balan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

Wave-particle duality means:

the ability of something to show both wave-like and particle-like properties, depending on how we look at it (i.e.
what experiment is performed). It is just one aspect of quantum physics.
What is the Photoelectric Effect?
hen !" radiation falls on a metal surface, electrons are emitted so long as the fre#uency of the !" radiation is
above a certain $threshold%value.
&he emitted electrons, called photoelectrons, have kinetic energies ranging from 'ero to a maximum value.
E = hf
E: Photon energy (J)
h: Planck's constant (6.63 10
-34
Js)
f: fre!ence of E" ra#$at$on (%&)
(hoton energy !nergy to free electron from metal surface ) !lectron *!
hf + ) *!max
Einstein's Equation
KEmax = hf W
'Ema(,ma($m!m electron k$net$c energy (J)
hf , )hoton energy (J)
* , metal +ork f!nct$on (J)
Einsteins Equation may be written in any of the following forms,
'Ema( , hf - hf0 (.y f0,*/h)
'Ema( , hc/ - hc/0 (.y c , f)
, hc(1/-1/0)
-ften energies are given in electron-volts (e.).
&o convert e. into joules, multiply by the charge on an electron, /.0/1
-10
2, as l e. + /.0 /1
-10
3.
E.g. 1e2 1 (1.610
-10
) , 3.110
-10
J.
Dependence of Stopping Voltage on Photon !equency
4t the stopping voltage, the most energetic electrons just cannot overcome the potential energy of the electric field
between the plates.
&hus5
"ax. !lectron energy+ !lectrical (otential !nergy
'Ema( , e2s
6ubstituting this in !instein%s !#uation gives,
hf - * , e2s5
Exam "uestion #
(a) !xplain what each of the terms in !instein%s !#uation represents, hf , 'Ema( 3 789
4 metal surface of work function 8.1 e. is illuminated with radiation of wavelength 8:1nm.
(b) 2alculate the threshold fre#uency and wavelength. 789
(c) 2alculate the maximum kinetic energy of the emitted photoelectrons, in 3oules. 789


Exam "uestion $
;ight of wavelength <=1nm with a power of /1m is incident on a metal. (2harge on an electron is /.0 /1-/> 2).
(a) 2alculate the energy of each photon 789
(b) 2alculate the number of photons arriving per second. 7=9
(c) 4ssuming :1? of the incident photons release electrons, what current is produced@ 789


Exam "uestion %
&he photoelectric effect can be simply demonstrated by using an electroscope which is negatively charged, as shown in
the diagram.
(a) !xplain why the gold leaf is initially displaced from the vertical 7=9
(b) !xplain why the gold leaf gradually returns to the vertical when A. is shone on to the metal plate@ 789
(c) Ase the particle theory of light to explain why red light does not have the same effect as ultra-violet light. 7:9
(d) If the metal has a work function of =.8 e., calculate the maximum kinetic energy of the emitted electrons, in 3oules,
when light of =11 nm is used. 789
Exam "uestion &est
Bata, (lankCs 2onstant h + 6.63 10-34 Js
electron mass me + 0.1 10-31 kg
electron charge e, 1.6 10-10 4
6peed of !" in a vacuum c + 8.1 105 ms-1
(/) 2alculate the energy of a photon of,
(i) wavelength /.= m5 (ii) fre#uency =.1/1/DE'.
(=) 2alculate the fre#uency and wavelength of a photon of energy 01 "e..
(8) ;ight of fre#uency 8 /1/:E' is incident on a metal of work function :.1/1-/> 3 causing electrons to be emitted with
maximum kinetic energy /.<0/1-/D3.
(a) 2alculate a value for (lank%s constant.
(b) 2alculate the threshold fre#uency for this metal
(c) 2alculate the minimum fre#uency of radiation re#uired to achieve electron kinetic energies above </1-/D3.
(<) ;aser light of <>1nm with a power of F.:/1-= is incident on a metal of work function = e..
(a) 2alculate the number of photons emitted per second.
(b) If /1? of the photons result in an electron being emitted, what current is produced@
(c) 2alculate the energy of each photon in electron volts.
(d) (i) 2alculate the maximum kinetic energy of the photoelectrons in electron volts.
(ii) hat speed would these electrons have (neglect relativistic effects)@
(e) If the incident power is doubled, what will be the effect on
(i) the maximum energy of the emitted electrons5 and
(ii) the number of electrons emitted per second
(f) 2alculate the threshold wavelength for the metal.
(g) ill light of /.:/1/:E' result in the emission of electrons@
'()*& "+ES&(,-S
GA!6&I-H /
a) (i) !xplain the term Cwave frontC 7/9
(ii) 6tate the relationship between the orientation of a wave front and the direction in which the wave is
travelling 7/9
b) 4 longitudinal wave of fre#uency 81 kE' has a speed of 8<1ms-/ when travelling in air.
Its wavelength when travelling in water is 1.1:m.
(i) 2alculate the minimum distance between two points on the wave that differ in phase by 01
o
when it is
travelling through air. 789
(ii) 2alculate the speed of the wave in water 7=9
GA!6&I-H =
&he refractive index of glass is /.:1.
a) 4 ray of light passes from air to glass. It makes an angle of =1
o
to the normal just before entering the glass.
2alculate the angle the refracted ray makes with the normal.
b) &he speed of light in air is 8I/1
D
ms
-/
. 2alculate the speed of light in glass.
c) 2alculate the critical angle for glass.
GA!6&I-H 8
GA!6&I-H <
GA!6&I-H :
GA!6&I-H 0
W.VES "+ES&(,-S

You might also like