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Problem-1 Unloading of Benzene From A Tanker Into A Storage Tank

1. The document describes a process and instrumentation diagram for unloading benzene from a tanker into a storage tank. 2. Key components include a flexible hose, unloading pump, pressure gauge, filling line, vent line connected to an absorption scrubber, level measurement devices, and alarms for high and low levels. 3. The storage tank is recommended to be an internal floating roof tank sized at 1.5 times shipments and equipped with heating to store benzene as a liquid above 46°F.

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127 views

Problem-1 Unloading of Benzene From A Tanker Into A Storage Tank

1. The document describes a process and instrumentation diagram for unloading benzene from a tanker into a storage tank. 2. Key components include a flexible hose, unloading pump, pressure gauge, filling line, vent line connected to an absorption scrubber, level measurement devices, and alarms for high and low levels. 3. The storage tank is recommended to be an internal floating roof tank sized at 1.5 times shipments and equipped with heating to store benzene as a liquid above 46°F.

Uploaded by

bhaskar5377
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Problem-1

Unloading of Benzene from a tanker into a storage tank



Process and instrumentation Diagram



1 Flexible hose 10 Drain valve
2 Flushing water 11 Bund
3 Unloading pump 12 To end use
3 Transfer pump (to the end use) 13 To waste treatment
4 Pressure gauge 14 Storage tank
5 Filling line 17 Collection sump
6 Tanker 18 Vent-line
7 Level measurement 19 To waste treatment
8 High level alarm 20 Absorption Scrubber
8 Low level alarm 21 Vent line between truck and tank
9 Vent line

Storage tank Description
A rule of thumb commonly used for determining the size of customer storage facilities suggests
that storage facilities be 1 times the size of shipments received. Internal floating roof storage
tanks are recommended for the bulk storage of benzene for decreasing the vapor space above the
liquid level. Benzene is usually stored as a liquid at temperatures above 46 F (8C) to avoid
freezing. Storage tanks for benzene may be equipped with external heating pads or internal coils
and insulation to maintain storage temperatures. Internal steam coils used to maintain benzene at
the proper storage temperature. Coils offer the advantage of faster heat-up time than external pads.
The storage tank should be labelled with the product name, the safety symbol, the tank
identification.
Process and Instrumentation diagram Description
A Flexible hose (1) is installed for conveying the benzene. A valve (2) is available to pump the
flushing water for cleaning the pipe whenever needed. Unloading pump (3) had installed to transfer
the benzene. Pressure gauge (4) had installed to indicate the valve pressure. Filling line (5) with a
clearly labelled coupling point at a maximum of one meter above ground level had installed. Vent
line (9) on top of the storage tank, directed to a gas absorption system i.e. scrubber (20) installed
inside the bund. The scrubber should be designed to absorb the gases, generated during unloading.
These gases in contact with the washing liquid are absorbed. The acid washing liquid (19) has to
be drained and to be neutralized. Tank fluid level measurement device (7) will measure the benzene
level in the tank. High-level alarm (LAH - Level Alarm High) has installed to avoid overflow and
in the case of unloading with pump, to switch off the pump (LSH Level Switch High). Low-level
alarm (LAL - Level Alarm Low) has installed to avoid cavitation and to switch off the transfer
pump (LSL Level Switch Low) to the end-use. A drain valve (10) had installed at the lowest
point in the system so that the pump and all piping can be completely drained and washed before
any maintenance work is done. The storage tank must be placed on an adequate reinforced concrete
foundation to support the tank and must be placed in a bund (11) to prevent leaks and spillage from
tanks and pipes, and to prevent further pollution and contamination.
Valves
Full-bore ball valves are preferred for pigged pipelines because the inside diameter of the ball
valves are same as that of the pipeline. Gate valves, butterfly valves or ball valves may be used for
pipelines that are not pigged. These valves should be made of case steel or other recommended
materials to avoid corrosion.
Pumps
For most benzene handling, centrifugal pumps with mechanical seals perform satisfactorily
because of construction, operation, maintenance, a wide tolerance for moving parts, self-limitation
of pressure, and rotary rather than reciprocating motion.
Pipes
Lined steel pipes can be used for benzene transport to avoid corrosion.

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