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Method and Time of Manures and Fertilizers Application in Wheat Cultivation

Manures and fertilizers play an important role in wheat cultivation. A liberal quantity of well-rotted farm yard manure or compost should be applied 4-6 weeks before sowing to improve soil conditions. However, manures alone cannot meet the high nutrient requirements of wheat, so chemical fertilizers must be supplemented. The correct doses of nutrients should be applied at the proper times, with nitrogen applied in split doses and phosphorus and potassium placed below seeds at sowing.

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332 views3 pages

Method and Time of Manures and Fertilizers Application in Wheat Cultivation

Manures and fertilizers play an important role in wheat cultivation. A liberal quantity of well-rotted farm yard manure or compost should be applied 4-6 weeks before sowing to improve soil conditions. However, manures alone cannot meet the high nutrient requirements of wheat, so chemical fertilizers must be supplemented. The correct doses of nutrients should be applied at the proper times, with nitrogen applied in split doses and phosphorus and potassium placed below seeds at sowing.

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Samuel Davis
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Method and time of Manures and Fertilizers

application in wheat cultivation


Manures and fertilizers play an important role in wheat cultivation. Use of manures improves
general physical condition of soil and increases its water retaining capacity. A liberal quantity of
bulky manure should be applied. About 10-15 tonnes of well rotten farm yard manure or
compost should be applied 4-6 weeks before sowing. However, manures by themselves can not
meet the high nutrient requirement of the plants which are also in short supply. Therefore, it
becomes necessary to supplement manures with chemical fertilizers to get higher yields. The
high yielding dwarf varieties of wheat fully display their yielding faculty only when they are
supplied with adequate quantities of nutrients at proper time.
Method and time of application
Three main factors are to be considered when applying fertilizers to wheat. These are (i)
application of correct doses of different nutrients after taking into account the requirements of
the crop and soils reserve supply,
(ii) application of these nutrients at the right time, and .' (iii) adopting proper method of
application.
1. Nitrogen: Application of nitrogen in split doses has become a i well established practice as
urea is a highly leaching fertilizer. Two third or half of the quantity should be I applied at the
time of sowing and remaining one third or half quantity should be top dressed at first irrigation in
medium or heavy soils. On sandy soils, top dressing should be made in two or three instalments
if heavy dose of nitrogen is to be applied. Under rainfed conditions full dose of N should be
placed into the soil before sowing.
All nitrogenous fertilizers presently available in the market are equally effective for wheat under
normal soil conditions. In calcareous soils (containing free lime) and in strongly alkaline soils,
10-30 % of applied nitrogen may be lost through ammonia volatilization, if urea or other
ammonical fertilizers are used for top dressing. In such cases CAN (Calcium ammonium nitrate
or Kisan Khad) should be preferred to urea.
2. Phosphorus and potash: For phosphatic and potassic fertilizers, placement below the seed is
the best method in the moist soils. Full dose of phosphorus and potash should be applied at the
time of sowing. If possible, place phosphorus and potash 3-5 cm to the side and 3-5 cm below
the seed with the help of ferti-seed drill or by pora method. In case of phosphatic fertilizers, one
should not be concerned only with total phosphorus but also with water soluble phosphorus
content. For wheat, phosphatic fertilizers must contain at least 50 % of the total phosphorus in
water soluble form and remaining phosphorus in citrate soluble form. This is relatively important
in neutral and alkaline soils. For example, rock phosphate is relatively cheap but it will be of
little use for the crop if applied in the neutral or alkaline soil because of its exceedingly low
solubility.
In acid soils (pH less than 6), use of basic slag or rock phosphate may be more profitable than
superphosphate or diammonium phosphate because cost per unit phosphorus is much less in the
former than in the latter.Water soluble phosphatic fertilizers such as diammomum phosphate and
super phosphate are most effective when applied in granular form, whereas citrate soluble
fertilizers rock phosphate and basic slag are most effective in finely powdered form. Muriate of
potash and potassium sulphate are the only potassic fertilizers presently available in the market.
Both are equally good for wheat.
In addition to the major nutrients (N, P, and K), good responses to micronutrients, especially zinc
have been obtained in many areas. If zinc deficiency has been observed in the locality, it is
advisable to apply zinc sulphate @ 25-30 kg/ha at the time of last ploughing.
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