Network Quality

Technology for executives,

Moscow - 13 Septemer !""#
$uthor% Morten &aaum
'resenter% (ans Myhre

Network Quality,
as perceive) y customer
G
*overage
G
*apacity
G
Speech +uality
G
Services +uality
G
*ustomer care,,

-SM in the fiel)
BTS
BTS
BTS
BTS
To BSC / MSC
To BSC / MSC
To BSC / MSC
To BSC / MSC
Handover
Handover

Some practical experiences,,
G
No network access ./ no 0Telenor1 in the )isplay2
3 4ack of coverage
3 Network overloa) situation .users arre) from access2
3 Network failure,
G
3 eeps53-tone eeps at call setup
3 6locking5error situations somewhere in the network
3 7ser error .e,g, non-existent numer2
G
'oor speech +uality
3 Marginal coverage
3 8nterference etween ase stations
G
9roppe) call
3 'oor +uality of ra)io link
3 6locking in target cell .moving moile, han)over situation2
3 Network failure .transmission2
The mobile is the weakest link in the chain:
Mass production units Internal antenna Increased
software and processing complexity
(WA!"#$!%$&$'!games(features)

-SM in the fiel)
BTS
BTS
BTS
BTS
To BSC / MSC
To BSC / MSC
To BSC / MSC
To BSC / MSC
Handover
Dropped call
Poor speech
quality
Handover to
non-optimal cell
No traffic channels
availale

(ow is Network Quality
monitore) y the operator:
G
*overage
3 Measurements y technical staff, Test telephone ;
laptop,
3 Measurements y remotely controlle) test systems
.installe) in us, taxi etc2,
3 *ustomer complaints an) performance stats as input,
G
*apacity
3 Network Maintenance *enter 5 <perations center
3 The network counts = of events .pos,5neg,2
'ost processing in 'erformance Management tool,
3 Tools for prognosis on capacity nee)s vs, re+uire)
+uality of the network .-ra)e of Service2

(ow is Network Quality
monitore) y the operator:
G
Speech +uality
3 The network counts 9roppe) calls an) to some extent
report on speech +uality
3 Measurements y remotely controlle) test systems 5
tech,staff,
G
Services +uality
3 Services are uilt up y comining e+uipment an)
software
3 >xternal tools nee)e) to ensure +uality of )elivery
? *orrect content 5 &esponse time
? 3
r)
party content )elivery
? 3
r)
party Service 4evel $greements .S4$2

*apacity an) +uality
3 a tra)e off at a given fun)ing

*apacity in the -SM ra)io
network
G
6ase station with antennas connecte) in a mast
3 6TS contains a numer of T&@ ase) on the nee) for capacity,
!P"#N$
D%&N"#N$
T'
('
T'
('
BTS cabinet
TRX TRX
TRX

&a)io network capacity
G
6uil)ing locks for capacity at the ase stations% T&@
3 A channels that are use) for signalling .SMS, suppl,services etc2 an) speech5)ata,
G
*all )uration -B >rlang
3 1 >rlang / 1 hour of speech for 1 user
3 *all )uration C" sec% C"s 5 3D""s / ","!E >rl / !E m>rl
3 8,e, 1 >rlang% #" calls of C" secon)s each, .1 >rl / #" x !E m>rl2
G
Theoretical capacity% >rlang1s mo)el an) chosen -ra)e of Service,
3 -oS .F2 Numer of call attempts that may meet locking in a usy hour,
? Typical values use)% !-EF
3 >xample, -oS/!F
3 1 T&@ G speech channels !,C >rlang #1F
3 ! T&@ 1E speech channels C," >rlang D"F
3 3 T&@ !! speech channels 1#,C >rlang DAF
3 # T&@ 3" speech channels !1,C >rlang G3F

&a)io network capacity
G
6ase station configuration example%
G
3 T&@es, <mni )irectional cell
3 1 cell with 3 T&@, -oS/!F%
? *apacity / 1#,C >rl
? C" sec call )uration .!Em>rl2
? 1#,C 5 ","!E / 596 calls in a usy hour
.theoretical maxH2
G
8f we accept higher locking figures we can carry more
traffic with less customer satisfaction,
EF -oS use) in this example /B 1G,1 >rl capacity /B DA#
calls .;1EF2
BTS
TRX TRX TRX

G
6ase station configuration
example%
G
3 T&@es, Sectorise) 15151,
3 3 cells with 1 T&@ each%
? *apacity / 3 x !,C >rl / A,G >rl
? C" sec call )uration
? A,G 5 ","!E / 348 calls in a usy hour
G
8f we accept higher locking figures we can carry more traffic with
less customer satisfaction,
EF -oS use) in this example /B 11,1 >rl capacity /B ### calls
.;!AF2
BTS
TRX TRX TRX
&a)io network capacity

Ire+uency planning
(e-use of )SM channels is
necessary* #n this e'ample a
frequency is re-used in every
+,
th
cell -. reuse factor +,

&esource% Ire+uency
spectrum
G
Spectrum siJe strongly affect ase station roll out,
G
&e-use of -SM channels is necessary, 1 T&@ use 1 -SM channel
G
>xample, Malaysia%
3 !#,A M(J /B 1!# -SM channels
3 = of T&@ per cell% BD, -oo) capacity per ase station .xx >rlang2,
G
>xample, &ussia%
3 # M(J /B !" -SM channels
3 Maximum K1,E T&@ per cell / a )enser ase station network will e nee)e)
for serving increasing traffic .xx >rlang2
G
-oo) ra)io5fre+uency planning an) use of LsmartM features enales a tight re-
use of -SM channels
3 'ower control
? Moile an) 6TS a)Nust their output power as low as possile, a)Nustment ! times per sec,
3 9iscontinuous Transmission .9T@2
? Moile an) 6TS only transmit when user actually speak, .7ser enefit% less power consumption2
3 Ire+uency hopping
? Moile an) 6TS Nump from -SM channel to -SM channel .#A"ms2, less affecte) y interference,

Area= 50km2
Population= 1 M
Subscribers= 346k
15 mErlsub
Tra!!ic= 51"0 Erl
Spectrum vs, investments
*apacity case
G
Malaysia case,,
3 DT&@5cell/ 3#,D >rl5cell
3 C""T&@, 1E" cells an) E" 6TS nee)e)
G
&ussia case,,
3 1,E T&@5cell/ E,A >rl5cell
3 13#3T&@, ACE cells an) !CC 6TS nee)e)
G
Oe nee) D times as many sites for
capacity reasonH
For illustration purpose only the conclusions and calculations are simplified

Area= 50km2
Population= 1 M
Subscribers= 346k
Tra!!ic= 51"0 Erl
Spectrum vs, investments
-asestation e+uipment cost only
G >+uipment prices, Malaysia
3 6TS 15151 ; ext,ca #!,"""P
3 T&@ D,"""P
G >+uipment prices, &ussia
3 6TS 15151 3","""P
3 T&@ D,"""P
Units Capex Units Capex
BTS 50 2 100 000 300 9 000 000
TRX 750 4 500 000 150 900 000
Sum 6 600 000 9 900 000
50 %
Malaysia case Russia case
For illustration purpose only the conclusions and calculations are highly simplified
Transmission, BSC and software cost left out.

Network Quality,
some Q'8s
G
Minutes per )roppe) call
3 Summary of all traffic minutes )ivi)e) y numer of )roppe) calls
)uring a perio) of time .e,g, Oeek5month2
3 Typical values% E"-1E" minutes,
G
6locking5*ongestion
3 *all attempts that meet locking, all resources are occupie),
3 The network is )imensione) to meet a certain traffic level in the
usy hour,
Typical )imensioning values .-oS2% ! - E F
Typical values measure) in the networks% " - E"; F

Network Quality, some Q'8s
Network 7tilisation
Cell utili/ation
0
20
40
60
!0
100
120
140
160
1

"
4

"
7

"
1
0

"
1
3

"
1
6

"
1
9

"
2
2

"
2
6

"
2
9

"
3
2

"
3
5

"
3
!

"
4
1

"
4
4

"
4
7

"
5
0

"
5
3

"
5
7

"
6
0

"
6
3

"
6
6

"
6
9

"
7
2

"
7
5

"
7
!

"
!
1

"
!
4

"
!
!

"
9
1

"
9
4

"
9
7

"
1
0
0

"
Cell utili/ation distriution
!
t
i
l
i
/
a
t
i
o
n

0
1
2
About 22# o! t$e cells in t$e net%ork are utilise& ' t$eoretical ma( =
customers e(perience more blockin) t$an acceptable in t$ese cells*

Technical Q'8s
PST+
Access net%ork ,SS
-ore net%ork ,SS
Tec$nical
.P/s
0inancial
Market
12
Tec$nical
Benc$markin)
2eport
333333333333333333
333333333333333333
333333333333333333
BTS BS-
MS-
MS-
MS-
MS-
E4ents
5 alarms
E4ents
5 alarms

Network Quality,
challenges
G
(ow to measure customer perceive) +uality:
3
7nmanne) active measurement units,
G
New an) a)vance) services
3
Iast )evelopment an) )eployment of new services,
3
8ncrease) complexity, oth for network an) moile,
G
3,party content provi)ers
3
Timeout,,, Not availale,,,
3
Service 4evel $greements, (ow )o you know what is )elivere):
3
New an) a)vance) measurement systems for testRmonitoring,
G
&oaming
3
(ow well are we ale to keep foreign roamers in our network 3 an) how
are our roamers aroa) )oing:
3
$)vance) measurement systems .signalling2 for testRmonitoring,

>nvironment
Base station location:
Aim to minimise the
effect of masts and
antennas on the local
environment.
Trndelag theatre
Tree-mounted
antenna..
Antenna
Vindern
Tyical antenna-
installation in a
city en!ironment
"ini-BT# mounted
on a ole $y the
%&ord

Thank you for your attentionH
$))itional sli)es
Telenor Moile, <perationsRTechnology
Morten &aaum

6ase stations in Qaliningra)
5003000 in$abitants
1" base stations

Ohich cell covers where in
Qaliningra):

*$'>@ reporting,
>nterprise &eporting input
form
#$%m
MH-C3P45
C$mpany C$&e 'e%i$& T%ansacti$n type'e%i$& Cu%%ency (ate Time
,6+ Bud7et ++, +8*69*,66, +6:68:,;
)43201
)43202
)43203
)43200 0
Cape' !MTS 0<TD2
CAPEX UMTS - RAN )43221
CAPEX UMTS - Core Network )43222
CAPEX UMTS - Transmission )43223
Total Cape' !MTS )43220 0
%ther Cape' related to moile
operations 0<TD2
CAPEX Services )43231
CAPEX IT )43232
CAPEX Misc. oter mo!i"e )43233
Total other Cape' related to moile operations )43230 0
Total Cape' related to moile
operations 0<TD2 )43250 0
Ca#e$ re"ate% to non-mo!i"e !&siness areas '(T)* )43260
Total C3P45 0<TD2 )43240 0
Telenor mHori/on
C3P45
C$mpany *ame
Total Cape' )SM/)P(S
Cape' )SM/)P(S 0<TD2
CAPEX +SM,+PRS - -SS
CAPEX +SM,+PRS - Core Network
CAPEX +SM,+PRS - Transmission

Technical in)icators,
>nterprise &eporting input
form
Telenor m'ori(on Iorm
)et*or+ , Tra%%ic
"'-)-TT.A/012
*ompany *o)e *ompany Name 'erio) Transaction type *urrency 4ast perio)9ate Time
32 Vimel3om 413 Actual 5#6 1117s 414 43.14.4114 22:49:45
GSM CORE NETWORK
Number of MSC cum.!
MSC C"# load $ %& '
()ailability, *N
()ailability, +MS
()ailability, SMSC
GSM RADIO ACCESS NETWORK
Number of Cell Sites cum.!
Total number of cells
Total number of T,-
Call Setup Success ,ate
Congestion, number of cells with $ &' congestion
Call minutes per dropped call M."!
Theoretical capacity of radio networ/
Busy hour traffic, for all cells accumulated
TRANSMISSION
BSC0BTS transmission lines, ' own lines
Core networ/ transmission lines, ' own lines
COVERAGE
&o*erage population "$M!"#$ (+)
&o*erage geography "$M!"#$ (+)
&o*erage population ,MT$(+)
&o*erage geography ,MT$ (+)

Technical information as
)efine) in
>nterprise &eporting .12
GSM CORE NETWORK
+umber o! MS- 6cum37 +o3 o! mobile s%itc$es in t$e net%ork
MS- -P8 loa& ' 65 # # o! MS-s in t$e net%ork %it$ -P8 loa& ' 65# in Bus9 1our3 6-entral
Processin) 8nit7
A4ailabilit9: /+ # 8p;time 4s ma( possible time pr perio& 6/ntelli)ent +et%ork no&es7
A4ailabilit9: <MS # 8p;time 4s ma( possible time pr perio& 6<oice Mail S9stem7
A4ailabilit9: SMS- # 8p;time 4s ma( possible time pr perio& 6SMS -entre7
TRANSMISSION
BS-;BTS transmission lines:
# o%n lines
2elations$ip bet%een= +umber o! o%n transmission linksle)s use& !or
BS-;BTS connections 4s3 total no o! transmission links BS-;BTS 6o%n
>lease& lines73
-ore net%ork transmission lines:
# o%n lines
2elations$ip bet%een= +umber o! o%n transmission linksle)s use& !or core
net%ork connections 4s3 total no o! transmission links in t$e core net%ork
6o%n >lease& lines73
-ore net%ork transmission links=
BS- ; -ore: /nter;-ore: -ore ? P,/ 6Point o! /nterconnect7
COVERAGE
-o4era)e population @SM@P2S
6#7
Percenta)e o! population in t$e license& area t$at is co4ere& b9 t$e carrierAs
net%ork
-o4era)e )eo)rap$9 @SM@P2S
6#7
@eo)rap$ical area co4ere& b9 t$e net%ork as a percenta)e o! t$e license&
area
-o4era)e population 8MTS6#7 Percenta)e o! population in t$e license& area t$at is co4ere& b9 t$e carrierAs
net%ork
-o4era)e )eo)rap$9 8MTS 6#7 @eo)rap$ical area co4ere& b9 t$e net%ork as a percenta)e o! t$e license&
area


Technical information as
)efine) in
>nterprise &eporting .!2
GSM RADIO ACCESS NETWORK
+umber o! -ell Sites 6cum37 Total number o! sites %it$ @SM ra&io eBuipment at t$e en& o! t$e perio&3 A
site location %it$ "00 an& 1C00 eBuipment counts as one3
Total number o! cells Total number o! cells in t$e @SM net%ork3

Total number o! T2D Total number o! T2D in t$e @SM net%ork
-all Setup Success 2ate 8sin) &ata !or 3 busiest $ours o! last %eek o! perio& 6as !or .412407=
6-all setup attempts ? 8nsuccess!ul setups7 -all setup attempts3
-alculation base& on counters !rom t$e BSS net%ork 6i3e3 Success!ul call
setup = T-1 seiEure3 T-1;'T-1 $an&o4ers e(clu&e&73 8nsuccess!ul
setups =' 20;!ailures: net%ork !ailures: blockin)F
-on)estion: number o! cells %it$ '
5# con)estion
+umber o! cells reportin) '5# con)estion on tra!!ic c$annels &urin) last
%eek o! perio&3
-all minutes per &roppe& call
6MGP7
8sin) &ata !or %$ole last %eek o! perio&=
= 6Accumulate& Erlan) tra!!ic per cell7H60 +o3 o! &roppe& calls
,2 = 6Accumulate& call minutes !or all cells7+o3 o! &roppe& calls
T$eoretical capacit9 o! ra&io
net%ork
8sin) Erlan) B !ormula=
-alculate t$e t$eoretical capacit9 o! t$e total ra&io net%ork b9 summin)
Erlan) !i)ures 6t$eoretical capacit9 at planne& @oS7 o! eac$ cell3 -apacit9
!i)ure to be calculate& at en& o! last %eek o! perio&3 6E3)3 1 cell %it$ 2 T2D
= 14 T-1 at 3#@oS=' C3C Erlan)7
Bus9 $our tra!!ic: !or all cells
accumulate&
8sin) last %eek o! perio&=
Sum o! in&i4i&ual Bus9 1our tra!!ic 6Erlan)7 !or eac$ cell in t$e ra&io
net%ork3
8se mean 4alue o! 3 busiest $ours as Bus9 1our tra!!ic per cell 63 &i!!erent
&a9s in t$e %eek73


-SM network overview
PSTN
BSC
BSC
BSC
BSC
P%#
)SM Core net=or>
)SM
3ccess
net=or>
?i'ed
net=or>
BTS
BTS
BTS
BTS
BTS
TRX
TRX
TRX
TRX
TRX
TRX
TRX
TRX
TRX
TRX
TRX
TRX
TRX
M+
,,
R#
C+
MSC MSC
MSC
H"(
@"(
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@"(
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