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Cal163 Triple Integrals

The document discusses triple integrals and their use in calculating the volume of solid regions in three-dimensional space. Triple integrals extend the concept of double integrals to integration over a solid region or volume. The region is partitioned into boxes, and the integral is defined as the limit of Riemann sums as the size of boxes approaches zero. Examples are provided to demonstrate setting up triple integrals to calculate volumes of various solid shapes.

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48 views5 pages

Cal163 Triple Integrals

The document discusses triple integrals and their use in calculating the volume of solid regions in three-dimensional space. Triple integrals extend the concept of double integrals to integration over a solid region or volume. The region is partitioned into boxes, and the integral is defined as the limit of Riemann sums as the size of boxes approaches zero. Examples are provided to demonstrate setting up triple integrals to calculate volumes of various solid shapes.

Uploaded by

marchelo_chelo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Arkansas Tech University

MATH 2934: Calculus III


Dr. Marcel B. Finan
24 Triple Integrals
In the previous lecture we showed how a function of two variables can be
integrated over a region in 2-space i.e. an area and how integration over
a region is equivalent to an iterated or double integral over two intervals.
This concept can be extended to integration over a solid region or volume of
3-space using triple integrals.
Let f(x, y, z) be a continuous function on R : a x b, c y d, e z
f. Partition the interval a x b into n equal subintervals using the mesh
points a = x
0
< x
2
< x
2
< < x
n1
< x
n
= b with x =
ba
n
denoting the
length of each subinterval. Similarly, partition c y d into m subintervals
using the mesh points c = y
0
< y
1
< y
2
< < y
m1
< y
m
= d with y =
dc
m
denoting the length of each subinterval. Finally, partition e z f into
l subintervals using the mesh points e = z
0
< z
1
< z
2
< < z
l1
< z
l
= f
with z =
fe
l
. This way, the box R is partitioned into mnl smaller boxes
each of volume equals to xyz as shown in Figure 24.1.
Figure 24.1
Let R
ijk
be a typical box. Let m
ijk
be the smallest value of f on R
ijk
and
M
ijk
be the largest value in R
ijk
. Pick a point (x

i
, y

j
, z

k
) in this box. Then
we can write
m
ijk
xyz f(x

i
, y

j
, z

k
)xyz M
ijk
xyZ.
1
Sum over all i, j and k to obtain
l

k=1
m

j=1
n

i=1
m
ijk
xyz
l

k=1
m

j=1
n

i=1
f(x

i
, y

j
, z

k
)xyz
l

k=1
m

j=1
n

i=1
M
ijk
xyz.
We call
L =
l

k=1
m

j=1
n

i=1
m
ijk
xyz
the lower Riemann sum and
U =
l

k=1
m

j=1
n

i=1
M
ijk
xyz
the upper Riemann sum. If
lim
l,m,n
L = lim
l,m,n
U
then we write

R
f(x, y, z)dxdydz = lim
l,m,n
l

k=1
m

j=1
n

i=1
f(x

i
, y

j
, z

k
)xyz
and we call

R
f(x, y, z)dxdydz the triple integral of f over the box R.
We can show that the integral over the solid region R is equivalent to a triple
integral over three intervals. The argument is similar to the argument we
used for the double integral and is therefore not repeated here. We state
formally that:

R
f(x, y, z)dxdydz =

f
e

d
c

b
a
f(x, y, z)dxdydz.
Example 24.1
Integrate f(x, y, z) = 1 + xyz over the cube of length 4.
Solution.
We have

R
f(x, y, z)dxdydz =

4
0

4
0

4
0
(1 + xyz)dxdydz =

4
0

4
0
x +
x
2
yz
2

4
0
dydz
=

4
0

4
0
(4 + 8yz)dydz =

4
0
4y + 4y
2
z

4
0
dz
=

4
0
(16 + 64z)dz = 16z + 32z
2

4
0
= 576
2
We note that if f(x, y, z) = 1, the triple integral is just the volume of the
solid region R.
Example 24.2
Find the volume under the plane z = 12
x
4

y
8
and above the rectangle
0 x 8, 0 y 16.
Solution.
The region is shown in Figure 24.2. Thus, we see that as x goes from 0 to 8
and y from 0 to 16, z ranges from 0 to the plane z = 12
x
4

y
8
. Thus the
limits of integration are a = 0, b = 8, c = 0, d = 16, e = 0, and f = 12
x
4

y
8
.
Figure 24.2
The volume is
C =

8
0

16
0

12
x
4

y
8
0
dzdydx =

8
0

16
0
(12
x
4

y
8
)dydz
=

8
0
12y
xy
4

y
2
16

16
0
dx
=

8
0
(176 4x)dx = 176x 2x
2

8
0
= 1280
Example 24.3 (Non rectangular region)
Set up the integral representing the volume of the solid ice cream cone
bounded by the cone z =

x
2
+ y
2
and the sphere z =

1 x
2
y
2
.
3
Solution.
The solid is shown in Figure 24.3
Figure 24.3
The ice cream cone is between these two surfaces:

x
2
+ y
2
z

1 x
2
y
2
This gives the range of z as a function of x and y.
Now we need to nd the maximum range of x and y. Inside the ice cream
cone, the maximum range of x and y occurs where the two surfaces meet,
i.e., where the ice cream (the sphere) meets the cone. From the gure, you
can see that the surfaces meet in a circle, and the range of x and y is the
disk that is the interior of that circle.
The surfaces meet when

x
2
+ y
2
=

1 x
2
y
2
, which means x
2
+ y
2
=
1 x
2
y
2
or
x
2
+ y
2
=
1
2
.
We have shown that in the ice cream cone
x
2
+ y
2

1
2
.
This gives that

1
2
x
2
y

1
2
x
2
and

2
x
1

2
.
Hence, the volume of the ice cream cone is
1


1
2
x
2

1
2
x
2


1x
2
y
2

x
2
+y
2
dzdydx
4
We summarize our ndings from these examples:
The outer limits have to be constant. They cannot depend on any of the
variables.
The middle limits can depend on the variable from the outer integral only.
They cannot depend on the variable from the inner integral.
The inner limits can depend on the variable from the outer integral and
the variable from the middle integral.
5

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