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Marius

1. The document provides an extensive list of primary and secondary sources on Gaius Marius, a Roman general and politician of the late Roman Republic who rose from humble origins to hold the consulship an unprecedented seven times. 2. Marius reformed the Roman army and allowed landless citizens to join, reflecting the changing needs of managing the empire and opportunities for social mobility. However, his populism also threatened the traditional aristocracy. 3. Marius' rise illustrates key issues facing the late Republic such as managing the growing empire, the rise of populism, and conflicts over social mobility and the concentration of power. Some scholars focus on Marius' rival Saturninus as a symbol of these

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Gayatri Gogoi
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188 views3 pages

Marius

1. The document provides an extensive list of primary and secondary sources on Gaius Marius, a Roman general and politician of the late Roman Republic who rose from humble origins to hold the consulship an unprecedented seven times. 2. Marius reformed the Roman army and allowed landless citizens to join, reflecting the changing needs of managing the empire and opportunities for social mobility. However, his populism also threatened the traditional aristocracy. 3. Marius' rise illustrates key issues facing the late Republic such as managing the growing empire, the rise of populism, and conflicts over social mobility and the concentration of power. Some scholars focus on Marius' rival Saturninus as a symbol of these

Uploaded by

Gayatri Gogoi
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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1.

Marius
Primary sources:
Plutarch, Marius
Sallust, Jugurthine War
Appian, Civil Wars I.27-33.
Diodorus 34.5.38 (c. 109 B.C. Marius, in Africa under Q. Caecilius Metellus).

Secondary Literature
General:
Harris, William V. (1979) War and Imperialism in Republican Rome 327-70 B.C.
http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=acls;idno=heb01429

CAH
2
IX pp 86-103, 165-172.

Crawford, Roman Republic 14 q 2


Crawford and Bears, Rome in the late Republic 14 q 17/9


On Marius:
Start with the OCD entry...
Cagniart, P.F. (1989) L. Cornelius Sullas Quarrel with C. Marius at the Time of the Germanic
Invasions (104-101 B.C.), Athenaeum 77, 139ff.
*Luce, T. J. (1970) Marius and the Mithridatic Command Historia 19, 161-194.
Carney, T. F. (1959) Coins bearing on the Age and Career of Marius The Numismatic Chronicle 19,
79-88.
Carney, T. F. (1961) The Flight and Exile of Marius Greece & Rome 8, 98-121.
Carney, T. F. (1961) A Biography of Gaius Marius 14 q 16/5
Carney, T. F. (1967) The Changing Picture of Marius in Ancient Literature, The Proceedings of the
African Classical Associations 10, 5-22.
Evans, Richard j. (1994) Gaius Marius. A Political Biography

On some of the relevant issues:
Burckhardt, L. A. (1990) The Political Elite of the Roman Republic: Comments on Recent
Discussion of the Concepts Nobilitas and Homo Novus, Historia 39, 79ff.
*Wiseman, T. P. (1971) New Men in the Roman Senate 139 B.C. 14 A.D.
http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=acls;idno=heb01565

Cuff, P. J. (1975) Two cohorts from Camerinum in Essays in honour of C. E. Stevens , 75-91 [on
the consequence of Marian military reforms]. 14 a 9/1

*Brunt, P. A. (1971) Italian Manpower, ch. 22
Gabba, (1976) Republican Rome: the army and allies ch.1.
http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=acls;idno=heb01444

Patterson, J (1993) Military organization and social change in the later Roman Republic in
J.Rich and G. Shipley War and Society in the Roman World.
http://site.ebrary.com/lib/bodleian/docDetail.action?docID=10060746


On Saturninus:
Badian, E (1984) The Death of Saturninus Chiron 14, 101ff
Jones B.W. (1974) Senatorial Influence in the Revolt of Saturninus Latomus 33, 529-535.
http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/41529064?uid=32106&uid=3738032&uid=2134&uid=
4581172807&uid=2&uid=70&uid=3&uid=32104&uid=5910784&uid=67&uid=4581172797&ui
d=62&uid=60&sid=21104178069553

Crawford, M. H (1969) Saturninus and the Italians Classical Philology 64.1, 37-38.
Mattingly, H. B. (1969) Saturninus Corn Bill and the Circumstances of his Fall The Classical
Review 83, 267-270.
Rowland, R. J. (1969) The Italians and Saturninus Classical Philology 64.1, 38-40.
Rowland, R. J. (1967) Saturn, Saturninus and the Socii Classical Philology 62.3, 185-188.

Question: How does Marius illustrate the key issues of the Late Republic?

Include, but do not limit your discussion to, the changing needs for the management of empire
(esp. the army!), opportunities for and restrictions on social mobility, and the sources of power
available to an ambitious Roman.
Also consider: Is Saturninus a more appropriate symbol of the political changes of the period?
Why do you think some modern commentators on this period have fixated on him?

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